Conflict After the Cold War

Transcription

1 SUB Hamburg A/ Conflict After the Cold War Arguments on Causes of War and Peace Fourth Edition RICHARD K. BETTS Columbia University The Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies PEARSON Education This book is not for sale or distr,but.on in the U.S.A. or Canada J Icn loo PEARSON Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

2 CONTENTS Preface vii PART I Visions of War and Peace 1 The End of History? 6 FRANCIS FUKUYAMA Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War 18 JOHNJ. MEARSHEIMER The Clash of Civilizations? 35 Economics Trumps Politics 54 FAREED ZAKARIA PART II International Realism: Anarchy and Power 66 The Melian Dialogue 69 THUCYDWES Doing Evil in Order to Do Good 74 NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI The State of Nature and the State of War 78 THOMAS HOBBES Realism and Idealism 82 EDWARD HALLETT CARR The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory 100 Hegemonic War and International Change 107 ROBERT GIL PIN Power/ Culprits, and Arms 120 GEOFFREY BLAINEY PART III International Liberalism: Institutions and Cooperation 133 Perpetual Peace 136 IMMANUEL KANT Peace Through Arbitration 143 RICHARD COBDEN Mi

3 iv Contents Community of Power vs. Balance of Power 146 WOODROW WILSON m Liberalism and World Politics 149 MICHAEL W. DOYLE m Power and Interdependence 164 ROBERT 0. KEOHANE AND JOSEPH S. NYE PART IV Psychology: The Human Mind and International Conflict 172 Why War? 175 SIGMUND FREUD How Good People Do Bad Things 183 STANLEY MILGRAM m Why Hawks Win 190 DANIEL KAHNEMAN AND JONATHAN War and Misperception 194 ROBERT JERVIS RENSHON PART V Culture: Customs, Norms, and Learning 211 Anarchy Is What States Make of It 214 ALEXANDER WENDT m Spirit, Standing, and Honor 236 RICHARD NED LEBOW m Warfare Is Only an Invention Not a Biological Necessity 244 MARGARET MEAD m The Obsolescence of Major War 249 JOHN MUELLER m Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention 262 MARTHA FINNEMORE Men, Women, and War 280 J. ANN TICKNER PART VI Economics: Interests and Interdependence 294 Money Is Not the Sinews of War, Although It Is Generally So Considered 297 NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI m The Great Illusion 299 NORMAN ANGELL Paradise Is a Bazaar 301 GEOFFREY BLAINEY

4 Contents Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 309 V.I. LENIN m Imperialism and Capitalism 317 JOSEPH SCHUMPETER War as Policy 326 ALAN S. MILWARD Structural Causes and Economic Effects 339 Trade and Power 349 RICHARD ROSECRANCE PART VII Politics: Ideology and Identity 364 Nations and Nationalism 368 ERNEST GELLNER Democratization and War 380 EDWARD D. MANSFIELD AND JACK SNYDER Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars 394 CHAIM KAUFMANN The Troubled History of Partition 412 RADHA KUMAR PART VIII Military Technology, Strategy, and Stability 421 Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma 425 ROBERT JERVIS The Offensive/Defensive Balance of Military Technology 442 JACK S. LEVY Arms Control: Historical Experience 454 CHARLES H. FAIRBANKS JR. AND ABRAM N. SHULSKY The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better 465 PARTIX Revolution, Unconventional Warfare, and Terrorism 477 The Strategic Logic of Terrorism 481 MARTHA CRENSHAW Religious Radicalism and Political Violence 495 MARKJUERGENSMEYER

5 W / Contents Speech to the American People 511 OSAMA BIN LADIN u Jihadi Networks of Terror 516 MARK SAGEMAN m Science of Guerrilla Warfare 530 T. E. LAWRENCE On Guerrilla Warfare 539 MAO TSE-TUNG m Patterns of Violence in World Politics 550 Insurgency and Counterinsurgency 575 DAVID GALULA m Principles, Imperatives, and Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency 591 ELIOT COHEN, CONRAD CRANE, JAN HORVATH, AND JOHN NAGL A Strategy of Tactics: The Folly of Counterinsurgency 598 GIAN P. GENTILE PART X New Threats and Strategies for Peace 611 Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict 614 THOMAS F. HOMER-DIXON m Ecoviolence 629 INDRA DE SOYS A A World of Liberty Under Law 641 G. JOHN IKENBERRY AND ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER m China: Can the Next Superpower Rise Without War? 646 RICHARD K. BETTS AND THOMAS J. CHRISTENSEN Peace Among Civilizations? 659