Women's Movement in Belarus - Formation, Development, Problems.
|
|
- Silvia Barber
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 (RUSSIAN) Women's Movement in Belarus - Formation, Development, Problems. During the years of social-economic transformation and long-term crisis in Belarus there has been a considerable decline in the professional and social status of women, and a sharp reduction of their actual participation in decision making at all levels and in all spheres. Belarusian women are the least protected social group in the job market: they face discrimination when being employed and dismissed, in the remuneration of their labor. The share of women among unemployed amounts to 65%, and the process of poverty feminization is going on. However, despite having a continuous experience of being discriminated women do not recognize it. The majority: of them do not have legal expertise, and neither there is experience to protect their rights and interests. There are considerable obstacles on the way of women's participation in policy: men actually occupy all top positions both in the sphere of managing state affairs and in the leadership of political parties. In reality, women are debarred from the participation in designing strategies for the development of the society. Belarusian women do not identify their rights and interests, such as political representation, equal rights in the sphere of labor, reproduction rights and health, and personal security as specifically feminine interests separated from national ones. This phenomenon has roots in the Soviet practice of solving the feminine issue, and in the preservation in public conscious of one of the subtlest social myths about the equal rights and emancipation of women. The myth turned out to be so enduring that it has actually not been questioned until presently, and most of people today do not see social injustice in the low status of women, and this phenomenon does not cause protest in the society. On the mass scale, women in Belarus are poorly involved yet in the social and political processes that form a civil society. However, different feminine groups in appearance have become aware of the need of civil participation in social and political life and defined the "feminine agenda" as an objection to injustice. The appearance of first feminine initiatives and the formation of feminine movement became possibly due to the weaker control from the State. In addition to the only feminine structure existing in the Soviet time - Belarusian Committee of Soviet Women that was transformed into the Union of Women in Belarus in independent women's organizations appeared at that time. Initially, feminine groups got detached from the general democratic movement in early 90s. Women from the movement of national-democratic orientation, mothers of perished servicemen, and those concerned with environmental problems and status of women constituted the feminine organizing committee. Several feminine organizations sprouted from this mass-scale feminine group, e.g. League of Women in Belarus, Committee of Soldiers' Mothers, and Women's Indepenent-Democratic Movement. Later, in the Ministry of Justice of Belarus registered other feminine organizations that in addition to their main objective, i.e. protection of women's rights, were setting other various tasks. For instance, the AII-Belarusian Women's Foundation of St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk was established to promote the development of culture and revival of national traditions. The Betarusian association of women "OS&Ya" appeared in Brest and considered environmental protection their basic goal. Independent women's organizations emerged in regional centers and major industrial cities, e.g. League of Women for Survival (in Gomel). Ulyana (in Vitebsk), Rogneda (in Soligorsk), and the first organization in the rural area Belarusian Women's Community (Supolnast) - in Minsk region. The Discussion Women's club, women's club "Cleo" and others were set up for the purposes of communication and exchange of information. A number of women's organizations, e.g. women's party "Nadzeya", "Working Women". "Rogneda" and
2 "Soligorchanka" have appeared within the structures of trade unions in order to resolve problems of both working and unemployed women. Organizations of women similar to corresponding international structures have also appeared in Belarus, e.g. Lady Leader Club, Belarusian Association of University Women, and Belarusian Association of Young Indepenent Women (YWCA of Belarus). Their emergence was only possible after contacts with foreign partners saw the continuation of women's groups formation in political parties. A number of women's organizations tightly linked with certain political structures were established. For example, Belarusian feminine movement "For the Renascence of Fatherland" united women of social-democratic orientation, while the "League of Women-Electors" - mainly members of the United Civil Party; a women's organization was set up at the Liberal-Democratic Party called Women's Liberal Association. Women's professional organizations like a movie studio "Tatyana" (created in 1991), Association of Women Entrepreneurs and Association of Women Lawyers (1997) is still another active direction in Belarus. A Women's Non-State Institute "Envila" was also set up in our country. At present there are more than twenty women's organizations in Belarus of the Republican status and registered by the Ministry of Justice. The range of their forms of activities is wide enough, from service clubs to political organizations, from charity and social ones to research and educational formations. In the whole structure of public organizations the share of women's ones constitutes less than 3%. Nevertheless, women's groups implementing their own projects are active within some public organizations. Women's organizations have had several stages in their development. Initially, after having united themselves into groups women were discussing the commonness of their fate, and developing together with their groups they also influenced the development of the society. So, at this stage new women's organizations to a big extent can be called "development groups". This phase is typical for the presence of personal factors with their participants, like a possibility to establish objectives and tasks themselves, to discuss and select the forms of the activities and policies of their organizations, and to specify their missions. After that women's NGOs start developing projects, conducting seminars, they form data bases on different problems, enter informational networks, carry out research, look for the forms of cooperation between themselves and the State, establish contacts with the international movement of women, with professionals and scientists. After the stage of the organizational formation is complete women's organizations render some services, e.g. consulting and educational ones, they carry out cultural and charity activities. A number of organizations succeeded in setting up their own structures and establishing a regular and long-term foundation for rendering services. For instance, the Belarusian Union of Women opened up the Center for social assistance and the Crisis Center, the Association of University Women facilitated the creation of the Gender Center at the European Humanitarian University, and the Women's Indepenent-Democratic Movement opened the Center of Women's Education and Conseling. Women's organizations pay attention to identifying cases of women discrimination in all the spheres of activities, and of expressing traditional stereotypes about women in the fields of ideology and culture. The decrease of the status of women in the society, forcing them out of leadership and policy, violence on women, spreading of sexism, as well as problems of unemployment and poverty are the concern of women's organizations. In conditions of survival caused by the collapse of the economy and environmental problems, the values of development, independence and emancipation fire rather of theoretical interest and are unable to acquire response from women who connect their participation in the social movement with the expectations of the practical improvement of their status. This is why a major part of women's organizations do not so much focus their attention on the problems of equality and
3 liquidation of discrimination as seek for a concrete social support, charity activities with the most suffering strata of the population, and arrange self-assistance. In addition to specific social support they look for means to help women in taking actions and their recognizing that they are capable to change something themselves. Some organizations of women (e.g. Women's Indepenent-Democratic Movement, women's party "Nadzeya", AII-Belarusian Women's League and "Working Women") when raising the level of legal knowledge with women involve them at the same time in political processes. New independent women's organizations have already passed a certain stage in their formation, and gained experience and skills; many have won authority and reputation. However, it is too early to speak about a mass-scale feminine movement influencing the course of social development and political decision making. Feminine movement in Belarus has a number of peculiarities conditioned by the post-soviet time. "Group orientation", understanding of specific women's interests as interests of a certain social community that should be asserted and represented individually is the first peculiarity. The second most important feature of the feminine movement lies in the fact that it is already being developed within a new space, i.e. in a vast "third sector" and in the environment of other public organizations forming horizontal structures and links that in due course may acquire the features of a civil society. To create it is their common 'supertask'. Tills is why all independent public organizations to a big extent act as schools of civil education teaching the basics of democratic participation in the life of the country. Difficulties in the development of the feminine movement are caused both by the objective reasons typical for the whole third sector and a number of specific factors. The most significant of them is that the State not only shows its interest in the development of a civil society but in every way impedes its formation. There is no progressive policy in Belarus providing privileged taxation to potential domestic sponsors that would allow identifying internal resources for the development of the third sector. Moreover, sponsor funds for public organizations are subjected to taxation, and materials brought in from other countries - to dues and duties. No practice has been formed in Belarus of issuing. State grants on a competitive basis for the realization of civil initiatives. There is a policy on the part of the authorities to formally follow international requirements, but in real practice attempts have been noted to control and specify channels for the public activities, including feminine ones, "from above". In addition to the problems of funding there are a number of oilier objective reasons hampering the development of feminine movement. Absence of knowledge with the leaders of women's groups on social and political technologies, legal basis and mechanisms of changing the status of women, as well as on the experience of civil acts impede the process of forming the feminine movement. It should be noted that women have less access than men to civil education, and all types of legal and political education are conducted without accounting to gender peculiarities. Participation of women and the process of their self-organization therewith are often difficult due to the absence of free time required for the communication. Belarusian women sometimes lack confidence in their own strength and self-esteem that they deserve accounting for their role in the society and economy. The above reasons resulted in the disappearance of many women's organizations who failed to overcome organizational barriers and existed for very short periods (Women's League, women's foundation "Belief, Hope, Love", "Rogneda", OS&Ya". Association of Women Entrepreneurs etc.). There is fear that another re-registration specified in Decree 2 will become an insurmountable barrier for a number of women's organizations. Feminine movement in Belarus is not homogeneous and solid. Women's organizations have different views on feminine movement, on the place of woman in the society; they are of different political orientations. The habitual concept in the society of "social protectionism" with the traditional understanding of woman as "weaker sex" fulfilling her "natural designation" of a
4 wife and mother is still in use. A considerable number of women's organizations regard their activities within this protective and paternal ideology striving for privileges and assistance of different kind from the part of the State. These organizations acquire the status of permanent supplicants which makes them dependent, and it is difficult to bring them up to reconsider conditions of life. The dependence of these organizations is used by the State to exercise political manipulations and control over the life of the population. Another part of women's organizations builds their activities in the context of the modern definition of women's rights and "women's agenda". The watershed in the feminine movement is ideological and lies in the attitudes to social strategies and in the degree of loyalty to the established power. However, feminine movement may have common goals. Specific activities on the participation in setting up a national mechanism of actions meant to improve the status of women, to control the implementation of this policy, and to fulfil the national legislature and accepted international commitments may become a uniting factor for the feminine movement in Belarus. In order to do it, feminine movement should have an independent strategy formulated by women themselves allowing to identify potential allies. Presently, the spheres of activities of women's organizations are very similar. In case of the favorable development of the feminine movement its structurization can take place. For this purpose organizations should build the field for their activities, and identify their niches not only in the feminine movement but also in the society. In order to form their own modern strategy women's organizations require expertise in international documents, world experience of implementing the policy of equal rights and equal opportunities, and methods of gender analysis. All this is required to elaborate the strategy of development, change legislative acts, to lobby and adopt special programs in the spheres of employment, policy, education and resolution of problems of violence over women. Promotion of women in the political sphere, which is necessary to defend and represent the interests of their social community on the political scene, should become a common goal of the feminine movement. The success of the feminine movement will depend, in the first turn, on the future progress of democratic processes, but not in the last one on the ability of women's organizations to integrate and protect the interests of different categories of women, to influence the formation of the state policy, to determine tactics in the relations with authorities, political parties and public associations. Women's NGOs should be aware in what way they can help thousands of women to avoid unemployment, to find a worthy place in the new economic system, and to gain equal rights and opportunities with men in reality but not in words. In order to change the situation programs of full-fledged integration of women in all the spheres of the society are required. They can be offered by women's NGOs engaged in educational activities. Research women's programs should be designed to identify the social expenditures that aggravate the status of women. Complex settlement of the task to develop feminine movement and to involve women in the social and political life is possible if a special "women's program" is set up and if women's projects on the implementation of this task are supported by sponsor organizations. Within the frame of the women's program training should be carried out of women leaders on the basic issues of the modern women's agenda, rights of women aiming, to disseminate knowledge from the center outwards. It would be expedient if the women's program was set up at a major umbrella organization of NGOs being the Assembly of Non-Governmental Organizations in all regional resource centers in Belarus. To our opinion, projects designed to improve the competitiveness of women in the economical, political and social spheres, and to render assistance to women victims of violence should have priority in funding.
5 Within the frame of the women's program training and preparation should be carried out of women's organizations for the creation of coalitions in different types and subjects of activities, and for the coordination of actions by women's NGOs. Proposal by the Center of Women's Education and Consulting Our Women's Center is engaged in research, informational, educational and consulting activities aimed to improve the competitiveness of women in the economical, political and social spheres. The Women's Center also carries out practical activities on rendering assistance to women victims of violence. During the period of our activities the Women's Center has conducted a number of pilot educational projects, and has a wide circle of specialists and trainers as well as own programs as its assets. The educational department of the Women's Center has prepared the following programs to be realized in : women's rights protection and legal education school; women's political leadership school; education in principles of small business; "No" to the violence in family and society; "Women - Environment - Health". Every one of the above programs is an individual project. The realization of these projects aims at improving legal, political, economical and environmental informational provision to the leaders of women's groups and at the development of feminine movement. The programs envisage carrying out seminars and training in different towns of Belarus making it possible to stir up regional women's groups and to involve them into the system of civil education. Based on these programs the Center of Women's Education proposes to prepare a universal program within the context of the modern women's agenda and to act as a resource center for the "women's program" in coordination with other women's organizations. Lyudmila Petina, Director of the Center of Women's Education and Consulting, Chair person of WIDM
Wadi Al-Karak Environmental Advocacy Campaign: Enforcing National Laws Related to Dealing with Wastewater Treatment in Wadi Al-Karak
Wadi Al-Karak Environmental Advocacy Campaign: Enforcing National Laws Related to Dealing with Wastewater Treatment in Wadi Al-Karak Princess Basma Development Center- Al-Karak Jordanian Hashemite Fund
More informationConcluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Belarus. Third periodic report
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Twenty-second session 17 January 4 February 2000 Excerpted from: Supplement No. 38 (A/55/38) Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination
More informationShadow Report The Republic of Belarus 2010 On the Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Shadow Report The Republic of Belarus 2010 On the Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1 The report was prepared by: Ludmila Petina co-chairwoman,
More informationGEORGIA. Ad Hoc Working Group on Creation of Institutional Machinery of Georgia on Gender Equality
GEORGIA Report on Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action (1995) and the Outcome of the Twenty-Third Special Session of the General Assembly (2000) Ad Hoc Working Group on Creation of Institutional
More informationSubmission to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against W omen (CEDAW)
Armenian Association of Women with University Education Submission to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against W omen (CEDAW) Armenian Association of Women with University Education drew
More informationLegal Environment for Political Parties in Modern Russia
Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 22; 2015 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Legal Environment for Political Parties in Modern Russia Kurochkin A. V.
More informationGOVERNMENT NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: A DIRTY JOB GOES TO THOSE WHO FAILED
52 BELARUSIAN YEARBOOK 2016 GOVERNMENT NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: A DIRTY JOB GOES TO THOSE WHO FAILED Dmitry Bruchovetsky Summary The year 2015 is one more year of lost possibilities for the three
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations E/CN.6/2010/L.5 Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 9 March 2010 Original: English Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-fourth session 1-12 March 2010 Agenda item 3 (c) Follow-up
More informationMoldovan Diaspora Organizations: an Asset for the. Country s European Integration. Dr. Dorin Duşciac Paris, France
Moldovan Diaspora Organizations: an Asset for the Country s European Integration Dr. Dorin Duşciac Paris, France Participation of migrants and diaspora organizations in policy formulation processes Relevance?
More informationGoverning Body 327th Session, Geneva, 11 June 2016
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE Governing Body 327th Session, Geneva, 11 June 2016 Institutional Section GB.327/INS/4/2 INS FOURTH ITEM ON THE AGENDA Reports of the Committee on Freedom of Association 379th
More informationLATVIA. Questionnaire to Governments on Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action (1995): LATVIA
LATVIA Questionnaire to Governments on Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action (1995): LATVIA Part One: Overview of achievements and challenges in promoting gender equality and women s empowerment
More informationImplementation by the Russian Federation of UN Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women March 2010
All-Russian Association women s nongovernmental organizations CONSORTIUM OF WOMEN S NON-GOVERNMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS 121069 Moscow, Stolovy Pereulok, 6 bld. 2, office 215 Tel./ fax: +7(495) 690-47-08 tel.
More informationCOUNTRY REPORT. by Andrei V. Sonin 1 st Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Regional Workshop on Capacity-Building in Governance and Public Administration for Sustainable Development Thessaloniki, 29-31 July 2002 Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear colleagues, COUNTRY REPORT B E L A R
More informationResistance to Women s Political Leadership: Problems and Advocated Solutions
By Catherine M. Watuka Executive Director Women United for Social, Economic & Total Empowerment Nairobi, Kenya. Resistance to Women s Political Leadership: Problems and Advocated Solutions Abstract The
More informationApproximately ninety percent of all Cabinet
in power 6 Introduction Approximately ninety percent of all Cabinet members in the world consist of men. have therefore, not yet achieved an effective role at the political and managerial levels. Despite
More informationThe role of national mechanisms in promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women: achievements and challenges to the future
United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW) The role of national mechanisms in promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women: achievements, gaps and challenges 29 November 2004
More informationCommittee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirtieth session January 2004 Excerpted from: Supplement No.
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirtieth session 12-30 January 2004 Excerpted from: Supplement No. 38 (A/59/38) Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of
More informationConvention on the Elimination. of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/LAO/Q/8-9 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 19 March 2018 Original: English English, French and Spanish only Committee on
More informationCHAPTER 28 Section 4. The Equal Rights Struggle Expands. The Civil Rights Era 895 Dolores Huerta during a grape pickers strike in 1968.
CHAPTER 28 Section 4 The Equal Rights Struggle Expands The Civil Rights Era 895 Dolores Huerta during a grape pickers strike in 1968. One American s Story During the first half of the twentieth century,
More informationHow can the changing status of women help improve the human condition? Ph.D. Huseynova Reyhan
How can the changing status of women help improve the human condition? Ph.D. Huseynova Reyhan Azerbaijan Future Studies Society, Chairwomen Azerbaijani Node of Millennium Project The status of women depends
More informationWorking Group on Democratic Governance of Multiethnic Communities
Working Group on Democratic Governance of Multiethnic Communities POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THEIR ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICES IN LATVIA Tatyana Bogushevitch Introduction
More informationQuestions on the articles of the Convention and the CEDAW Committee Concluding Observations on Tajikistan s combined fourth and fifth Periodic Reports
Coalition of NGOs of the Republic of Tajikistan «From Equality de jure to Equality de facto» ============================================= Questions for the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/HUN/CO/6 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 10 August 2007 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationINFORMAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION. Preliminary draft of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training
Preliminary draft of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training by the Rapporteur of the Drafting Group of the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee (version 5 of 6/08/2009)
More informationPolitical Parties in the United States (HAA)
Political Parties in the United States (HAA) Political parties have played an important role in American politics since the early years of the Republic. Yet many of the nation s founders did not approve
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/AZE/CO/4 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 7 August 2009 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the Elimination
More informationAbdulrazaq Alkali, June 26, 2013
I n the face of simmering social tensions and political strife, Nigeria needs committed leaders to channel the energy and aspirations of its youth away from violent extremism and toward civic empowerment.
More informationFOREWORD. Madam Chairperson, Distinguished Members of the Committee,
Presentation of the combined second and third periodic report of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the implementation of the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York,
More informationRed Crescent Society of Kazakhstan
Red Crescent Society of Kazakhstan Founded: 1937 Members: 227,960 (including 139,203 paid memberships) (2004) Volunteers: 75,671 Staff: 140 Expenditure: KZT 221,154,503 (CHF 1,923,082) (2004) 1. National
More informationPolitical Participation at the Local Level
Political Participation at the Local Level by Tatyana Vodolazhskaya and Andrey Yegorov The society of Belarus was under the influence of the Soviet regime for 70 years, the consequences of which can be
More informationCEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7/Add.1
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7/Add.1 Distr.: General 18 April 2011 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the
More informationContribution from the European Women s Lobby to the European s Commission s Consultation paper on Europe s Social Reality 1
February 2008 Contribution from the European Women s Lobby to the European s Commission s Consultation paper on Europe s Social Reality 1 The European Women s Lobby is the largest alliance of women s nongovernmental
More informationGender equality in the Czech Republic
Veronika Šprincová Marcela Adamusová Gender equality in the Czech Republic Working Paper 1. Facts & Figures: Current Situation of the Gender Equality in the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is still under
More informationregion (25 thousand sq. km) and the largest is the Gomel region (40.4 thousand sq. km). The
Regional development in Belarus The Republic of Belarus consists of six regions. The smallest in territory is the Grodno region (25 thousand sq. km) and the largest is the Gomel region (40.4 thousand sq.
More informationNational Program for Action to Raise Effectiveness of the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms in the Republic of Azerbaijan
National Program for Action to Raise Effectiveness of the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms in the Republic of Azerbaijan The National Activity Program is being approved with the aim of raising effectiveness
More information18-19 June, Honorable President, Dear colleagues, Your Excellencies Mr. Ambassadors, Ladies and gentlemen,
Speech by the Minister of Diaspora of the Republic of Armenia, Mrs. Hranush Hakobyan, on the occasion of International Dialogue on Migration 2013 Diaspora Ministerial Conference Honorable President, Dear
More informationUnited Nations Nations Unies
United Nations Nations Unies United Nations Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-seventh session 4-15 March 2013 New York INTERACTIVE EXPERT PANEL on "Elimination and Prevention of all Forms of Violence
More informationWOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA. The women's economic profile
WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA From a gender-specific perspective, both vertical and horizontal job segregation can be distinguished. Averagely speaking, women and men are working
More informationPrepared by Liudmila Mecajeva and Audrone Kisieliene Social Innovation Fund in cooperation with Lithuanian Women s Lobby organization.
Prepared by Liudmila Mecajeva and Audrone Kisieliene Social Innovation Fund in cooperation with Lithuanian Women s Lobby organization June This Shadow Report is based on the analysis of Governmental 5
More informationWORKPLACE LEAVE IN A MOVEMENT BUILDING CONTEXT
WORKPLACE LEAVE IN A MOVEMENT BUILDING CONTEXT How to Win the Strong Policies that Create Equity for Everyone MOVEMENT MOMENTUM There is growing momentum in states and communities across the country to
More informationConcluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Malawi
3 February 2006 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirty-fifth session 15 May-2 June 2006 Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/BEL/CO/6 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 7 November 2008 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/BIH/CO/3 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: Limited 2 June 2006 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against
More informationImproving Gender Statistics for Decision-Making
Distr.: General 17 May 2016 English Original: Russian Economic Commission for Europe Conference of European Statisticians Work Session on Gender Statistics Vilnius, Lithuania 1-3 June 2016 Item 8 of the
More informationConvergence in Post-Soviet Political Systems?
Convergence in Post-Soviet Political Systems? A Comparative Analysis of Russian, Kazakh, and Ukrainian Parliamentary Elections PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo No. 36 Nikolay Petrov Carnegie Moscow Center August
More informationCEDAW General Recommendation No. 23: Political and Public Life
CEDAW General Recommendation No. 23: Political and Public Life Adopted at the Sixteenth Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, in 1997 (Contained in Document A/52/38)
More informationInitial report. Republic of Moldova
Initial report Republic of Moldova (23 rd session) 67. The Committee considered the initial report of the Republic of Moldova (CEDAW/C/MDA/1) at its 478th, 479th and 484th meetings, on 21 and 27 June 2000
More informationTerms of Reference for Undertaking
Terms of Reference for Undertaking Training on Constituency Building Programmatic and Institutional Support Department March, 2009 Addis Ababa Selm/BG/ToR/CB/2009 1 1. Introduction The NGO sector in Ethiopia
More informationLabor Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Social and Economic Consequences
Network of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutes of Public Administration and Governance (NAPSIPAG) Annual Conference 200 Beijing, PRC, -7 December 200 Theme: The Role of Public Administration in Building
More informationEvelina DOSEVA Chief Expert Directorate of "Ethnic and Demographic Issues" Council of Ministers, Bulgaria
MEASURES SOLVING THE PROBLEMS WITH UNEMPLOYED ETHNIC GROUP AND STRATEGY DOCUMENTS, GOOD PRACTICES FOR INTEGRATION OF VULNERABLE MINORITY GROUPS WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON ROMA Evelina DOSEVA Chief Expert
More informationStepIn! Building Inclusive Societies through Active Citizenship. National Needs Analysis OVERALL NEEDS ANALYSIS REPORT
StepIn! Building Inclusive Societies through Active Citizenship National Needs Analysis OVERALL NEEDS ANALYSIS REPORT Overall Needs Report This report is based on the National Needs Analysis carried out
More informationECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE AG- RICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Vol.5, No. 1, 2009 ISSN 1822-3346 Economics and Rural Development ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE AG- RICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS Iryna A. Kazakevich 1, Volha A. Pashkevich
More informationPRE-CONFERENCE MEETING Women in Local Authorities Leadership Positions: Approaches to Democracy, Participation, Local Development and Peace
PRE-CONFERENCE MEETING Women in Local Authorities Leadership Positions: Approaches to Democracy, Participation, Local Development and Peace Presentation by Carolyn Hannan, Director Division for the Advancement
More informationCONSIDERATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF GEORGIA
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF GEORGIA Nino Imnaishvili, Full Prof. Marina Taktakishvili, MA Grigol Robakidze University, Georgia Abstract During the past decades the
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/SLV/CO/7 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 7 November 2008 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationPlease find the enclosed answers on the Questionnaire on the implementation of Beijing Platform of Action by the Government of the Republic of Poland.
Warsaw, 8 November 1999 FAX NO: 212 963 34 63 NO OF PAGES: 18 including this one UN Division for the Advancement of Women Two UN Plaza, Room 1216 New York, NY 10017 SIRS, Please find the enclosed answers
More informationANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS
ANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS 2 nd Wave (Spring 2017) OPEN Neighbourhood Communicating for a stronger partnership: connecting with citizens across the Eastern Neighbourhood June 2017 1/44 TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationYouth Policy - A National Focus of Russia
Youth Policy - A National Focus of Russia Alina Levitskaya Director of the Department for Youth Policy, Education and Social Protection for Children Ministry for Education and Science of the Russian Federation
More informationUKRAINIAN HELSINKI HUMAN RIGHTS UNION ANNUAL REPORT FOR YEAR 2004
UKRAINIAN HELSINKI HUMAN RIGHTS UNION ANNUAL REPORT FOR YEAR 2004 The History of Establishing the Organization Establishing the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union (UHHRU) is in a sense unique, since
More informationEconomic Independence of Women. A pre condition to full participation of women. NGO Report for the UPR review of the Iranian Government
Economic Independence of Women A pre condition to full participation of women NGO Report for the UPR review of the Iranian Government House of Culture and Sustainable Development August 2009 Economic independence
More informationFREEDOM OF ASSOCIATIONS AND LEGAL CONDITIONS FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN BELARUS
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATIONS AND LEGAL CONDITIONS FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN BELARUS Monitoring for the I quarter of 2016. Review Period: January 1 March 31, 2016 Legal Transformation Center Assembly of
More informationRecommendations for CEDAW Committee on the Protection of Women s Human Rights in Conflict and Post-Conflict Contexts
Recommendations for CEDAW Committee on the Protection of Women s Human Rights in Conflict and Post-Conflict Contexts Submitted by the Women s Information Center (Georgia, June, 2011) In 2010 Women s Information
More informationC. THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN THE ECONOMY
25 C. THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN THE ECONOMY The need to fight corruption in the economy could not be overstated, as this is the domain of the so-called big corruption characteristic for illegal transfers
More informationLaw 17/2015 of 21 July, on effective equality between women and men
Law 17/2015 of 21 July, on effective equality between women and men Passed by: Plenary Assembly of the Parliament of Catalonia Sitting 57, 08/07/2015, DSPC-P 115 Publication: Official Gazette of the Parliament
More informationCooperative Business and Innovative Rural Development: Synergies between Commercial and Academic Partners C-BIRD
Building the mindset for social entrepreneurship: From a global vision to a local understanding and action Assoc. Prof. Darina Zaimova Faculty of Economics, Trakia University, Stara Zagora Agenda Why social
More informationReport on the. International conference
International Organization for Migration Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Denmark Programme La Strada Belarus Report on the Development
More informationEconomic Reform, Social Policy and Political Poverty in Post-Soviet Countries
Olga Vladimirovna Nechiporenko Doctor of Sociology, Institute of Philosophy and Low, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Economic Reform, Social Policy and Political
More informationMigrants and external voting
The Migration & Development Series On the occasion of International Migrants Day New York, 18 December 2008 Panel discussion on The Human Rights of Migrants Facilitating the Participation of Migrants in
More informationAZERBAIJAN R E P O R T
AZERBAIJAN R E P O R T of the State Committee on Women's Problems of the Republic of Azerbaijan in response to a questionnaire for governments, relating to the implementation of the Beijing Platform for
More information6Political Participation
6Political Participation The economic transformations that over the past decade have changed the dynamic of international trade and development are matched by a global movement toward democratic government.
More informationState Program on Fighting Corruption (Years )
Unofficial translation Approved by a Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan of 3 September 2004 State Program on Fighting Corruption (Years 2004-2006) Stressing the fact that the Constitution
More informationRole of Science Academies
Role of Science Academies Toward transformative & inclusive partnership for a sustainable future Regional Forum on Science & Technology Diplomacy 1-2/12/2015 Adnan Badran 1 Science is universal, has no
More informationAgreement between the Swedish Government, national idea-based organisations in the social sphere and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions www.overenskommelsen.se Contents 3 Agreement
More informationConcluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Georgia
25 August 2006 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirty-sixth session 7-25 August 2006 Concluding comments of the Committee on the
More informationSocial Dimension S o ci al D im en si o n 141
Social Dimension Social Dimension 141 142 5 th Pillar: Social Justice Fifth Pillar: Social Justice Overview of Current Situation In the framework of the Sustainable Development Strategy: Egypt 2030, social
More informationMaterials of the Seminar. «The role of the OSCE and the German Chairmanship in the development. of the Ukrainian Society»
1 Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research Materials of the Seminar «The role of the OSCE and the German Chairmanship in the development of the Ukrainian Society» 3
More informationKALINDI COLLEGE. (University of Delhi) NAAC Accredited with Grade A
KALINDI COLLEGE (University of Delhi) NAAC Accredited with Grade A East Patel Nagar, New Delhi-110008 : 011-25787604; Fax No.: 011-25782505 E-mail: kalindisampark.du@gmail.com Website: www.kalindi.du.ac.in
More informationStrategy Approved by the Board of Directors 6th June 2016
Strategy 2016-2020 Approved by the Board of Directors 6 th June 2016 1 - Introduction The Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights was established in 2006, by former Norwegian Prime Minister Kjell Magne
More informationNEW POVERTY IN ARGENTINA
252 Laboratorium. 2010. Vol. 2, no. 3:252 256 NEW POVERTY IN ARGENTINA AND RUSSIA: SOME BRIEF COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS Gabriel Kessler, Mercedes Di Virgilio, Svetlana Yaroshenko Editorial note. This joint
More informationGender Audit Constitution of Nepal
Gender Audit Constitution of Nepal I N D U T U L A D H A R, A D V O C A T E 2 6 N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 5 V E N U E : R O Y A L N O R W E G I A N E M B A S S Y L A L I T P U R Structure of the Presentation
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/LBN/CO/3 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 8 April 2008 English Original: French Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationInformation Centres as New Social Institutes, Moscow Russia
Subscriber: Vervoorn, IHS Subscription Expires: 31-DEC-09 Information Centres as New Social Institutes, Moscow Russia Categories: Gender Equity and Equality: - gender roles and responsibilities -gender
More informationLaw of the Republic of Belarus. No XII of October 5, [Amended as of November 8, 2011]
Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 3266-XII of October 5, 1994 [Amended as of November 8, 2011] On Political Parties Chapter 1. General Provisions. Article 1. Notion of the Political Party. Political party
More informationMorocco. (16 th session)
Morocco (16 th session) 45. The Committee considered the initial report of Morocco (CEDAW/C/MOR/1) at its 312th, 313th and 320th meetings, on 14 and 20 January 1997 (see CEDAW/C/SR.312, 313 and 320). 46.
More informationEnhancing women s participation in electoral processes in post-conflict countries
26 February 2004 English only Commission on the Status of Women Forty-eighth session 1-12 March 2004 Item 3 (c) (ii) of the provisional agenda* Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and to
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 21 October 2016 English Original: Spanish E/C.12/CRI/CO/5 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Concluding observations on the fifth
More informationMIGRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: CHALLENGES, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
IOM OIM MIGRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: CHALLENGES, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES Final Document of the National Round Table Minsk, 2016 Table of Contents This document was developed based on the proposals
More informationParallels and Verticals of Putin s Foreign Policy
Parallels and Verticals of Putin s Foreign Policy PONARS Policy Memo No. 263 Irina Kobrinskaya Russian Academy of Sciences October 2002 Analysts of Russian policy often highlight the apparent lack of congruity
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/POL/Q/6 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 8 August 2006 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationExpert Group Meeting
Expert Group Meeting Equal participation of women and men in decision-making processes, with particular emphasis on political participation and leadership organized by the United Nations Division for the
More informationCHAPTER 9: Political Parties
CHAPTER 9: Political Parties Reading Questions 1. The Founders and George Washington in particular thought of political parties as a. the primary means of communication between voters and representatives.
More informationGender Equality and Women s Empowerment
Gender Equality and Women s Empowerment MDG-F Thematic Study: Key Findings and Achievements. Background Executive Summary Gender Equality and Women s Empowerment The Millennium Declaration identified Gender
More informationPRE-CONFERENCE SEMINAR FOR ELECTED WOMEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERS
PRE-CONFERENCE SEMINAR FOR ELECTED WOMEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERS Thème : "Strengthening Women s Leadership in Local Government for Effective Decentralized Governance and Poverty Reduction in Africa: Roles,
More informationNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR PROMOTION OF GENDER EQUALITY FOR THE PERIOD
NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR PROMOTION OF GENDER EQUALITY FOR THE PERIOD 2009-2015 1 CONTENTS Page І. INTRODUCTION 4 1. Challenges before the European Union and the Member States 4 2. Gender equality in Bulgaria
More informationModule 11 ///Innovative Activity Profile 3 Tajikistan: Land Rights and Economic Security for Rural Women in Postconflict Areas 1. Project Description
Module 11 ///Innovative Activity Profile 3 Tajikistan: Land Rights and Economic Security for Rural Women in Postconflict Areas 1 Tajikistan remains one of the poorest former Soviet Union countries due
More informationCEDAW/PSWG/2005/I/CRP.1/Add.5
6 August 2004 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Pre-session working group for the thirty-second session 10-28 January 2005 List of issues and questions with
More informationReport of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Joy Ngozi Ezeilo*
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 23 April 2010 A/HRC/14/32/Add.2 Original: English Human Rights Council Fourteenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,
More informationUNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE
UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE The role of youth and women in the peaceful resolution of the question of Palestine UNESCO Headquarters, Paris 30 and 31 May 2012 CHECK
More informationZimbabwe. (18 th session)
Zimbabwe (18 th session) 120.The Committee considered the initial report of Zimbabwe (CEDAW/C/ZWE/1) at its 366th, 367th and 372nd meetings on 22 and 27 January 1998 (see CEDAW/C/SR.366, 367 and 372).
More informationVisegrad Youth. Comparative review of the situation of young people in the V4 countries
Visegrad Youth Comparative review of the situation of young people in the V4 countries This research was funded by the partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe in the field
More information