1.4 RISE & FALL OF POPULISM

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1 1.4 RISE & FALL OF POPULISM UNIT 1 EARLY REFORM, WESTERN POLITICS, AND THE GILDED AGE SECTION 4

2 LEARNING TARGETS & KEY WORDS TSWBAT: Identify the key factors leading to success and failure for farmers in the American West Trace the rise of the Populists and evaluate their effectiveness as a political party EQ: What were the major changes in the attitudes and political interests of America s farmers in the mid 19 th century? What caused these changes? Key Words: Political platform Graduated income tax Political party Farmer s Alliance Populism

3 I. RISE OF POPULISM

4 BUT FIRST A DISCUSSION ON POLITICAL PARTIES What is a political party? What is the purpose of a political party? Why do people join them? What political parties do we know about? What do they stand for?

5 PRELUDE TO POPULISM Farmer s Alliance s purpose was to take political action to break the grip of the railroads Railroads had MONOPOLIES, aka TRUSTS (to be discussed in more detail later ) Out of the Farmers Alliance came the Populist Party Populist farmers were focused against: Railroads state gov ts, banks grain elevator operators both political parties (Repubs & Dems)

6 POPULIST PLATFORM (POLITICAL BELIEFS) Populist Platform Graduated income tax Gov t Ownership of RR & telephone Bimetalism & free coinage of silver Loans to farmers based on crops stored in gov t warehouses

7 DEF. OF GRADUATED INCOME TAX: You pay taxes based on how much money you make If you make more, you pay more

8 DEF. OF BIMETALLISM Currency backed by silver and gold. It creates Inflation and reduces farmers loans. How will this benefit the farmers who have outstanding loans?

9 II. FALL OF POPULISM

10 WABASH V. ILLINOIS, 1889 The Wabash Railroad company (with others) sued to overturn a previous court case. They stated that the federal gov t needs to regulate trade (not the states) Victory for Wabash created the Interstate Commerce Act ICA said federal government could regulate trade.

11 1892 ELECTION Populist Party 1 million votes James B. Weaver Populists electoral votes in the election of 1892 KS, CO, ID, NV

12 POPULIST PARTY ENDS (1896) Populists join the Democrats to unite against the Republicans. Election of 1896 about gold currency. William Jennings Bryan = Populist/ Democratic candidate Gave Cross of Gold speech against the Gold currency standard. Populists lost even though they secured the farmer vote They could not capture the eastern workers vote. Populist party dies as it is absorbed into both major parties.

13 POPULISM AND THE ELECTION OF 1896 ACTIVITY EQ: WHY DID THE POPULIST PARTY ATTRACT MILLIONS OF SUPPORTERS? 1. PowerPoint overview 2. Close Reading: Document A (as a class) Sourcing: Who wrote this? When? Contextualization: What was going on for farmers at the time? Lease is a woman who is speaking to a group of women. What does this say about women s involvement in politics in the 1890s? Close reading 1 st Paragraph: How is this supposed to make the audience feel? Why might she use religious references? 2 nd and 3 rd Paragraphs: How was this supposed to make the audience feel? Who are the good guys? Who are the bad guys? What emotions does she appeal to? Final Paragraph: How was this supposed to make the audience feel?

14 ACTIVITY, CONTINUED EQ: WHY DID THE POPULIST PARTY ATTRACT MILLIONS OF SUPPORTERS? 3. Close Reading: Document B (Independent) Read Document B Answer the questions in complete sentences To be turned in for a grade 4. Discussion: Why were speakers like Lease and Bryan popular in the 1890s? Do the themes from these speeches resonate today? Which parts of these speeches could we expect to hear from today s politicians? Which part seems outdated?

15 FARMERS PROBLEMS Crop prices fell Farmers had no cash, went further into debt, and their lenders foreclosed on their mortgages The railroad companies charged outrageous prices to ship crops (no regulation!) 15

16 FARMERS DEMANDS Regulate the railroad companies (Stop them from charging such high rates) Make cash more available (back the dollar with silver, not gold, so dollar would be worth less) Constitutional demands: single term for President and Vice-President, secret ballot, popular election of Senators To get industrial workers to support them: 8-hour workday, restrict immigration

17 DIFFERENT GROUPS REPRESENTING FARMERS INTERESTS 1867: The Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange) 1880s: Farmers Alliance and Colored Farmers National Alliance 1892: Birth of the Populist, or People s Party 17

18 1892 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: POPULIST CANDIDATE WON OVER A MILLION VOTES!

19 1896 Election Democrats 1890s Southerners Wealthy farmers Supported low tariffs (wanted other countries to buy their crops) Republicans 1890s Northerners Wealthy business men (connected to the railroad) Southern African Americans (poor farmers) Supported high tariffs (didn t want to compete with other countries products)

20 1896 ELECTION Populists decide to improve their chances by supporting the Democratic candidate, William Jennings Bryan, who agreed to support the silver-backed dollar. 20

21 1896 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: BRYAN LOSES BUT CARRIES MOST OF THE SOUTH AND WEST

22 QUESTIONS

23 VOCABULARY

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