Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Thirty: The Crisis of Authority

Transcription

1 Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e

2 Memorial to the Free Speech Movement at the University of California, Berkeley The Youth Culture Liberation The New Left Sources of the New Left SDS-1962 The Weathermen-Most Radical Arson and College Bombings Free Speech Movement Strong Opposition to the Vietnam War People s Park 2

3 The Youth Culture The Counterculture Hippies Haight-Ashbury District Growing Influence of Rock n Roll Protest Music-Counterculture Philosophy Woodstock Music Festival

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5 The Mobilization of Minorities Seeds of Indian Militancy Native American Grievances Failure of Termination The Indian Civil Rights Movement AIM-1968 Focused on Militant Action Occupation of Wounded Knee-1973 Site of 1890 Massacre of Sioux Important Legal Victories 5

6 6 Aboriginal Territories and Modern Reservations of Western Indian Tribes

7 The Mobilization of Minorities Latino Activism Surging Latino Immigration Latino Population Triples Chicano Activism Cesar Chavez Challenging the Melting Pot Ideal Cultural Pluralism Affirmative Action and Ethnic Studies 7

8 8 The Mobilization of Minorities Gay Liberation Stonewall Riot Beginning of Gay Liberation Movement Impact of the Gay Liberation Movement Strong Conservative and Fundamentalist Christian Backlash Don t Ask, Don t Tell

9 The New Feminism The Rebirth The Feminine Mystique-1963 Voice for Women s Rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII Legal Protections NOW Founded-1966 Focused on Rights in the Workplace Betty Friedan (Library of Congress) 9

10 There is no civil rights movement to speak for women as there has been for Negroes and other victims of discrimination. National Organization for Women 10

11 The New Feminism Women s Liberation Women in the Paid Work Force New Directions in the Women s Movement Gloria Steinem 11.

12 The New Feminism Expanding Achievements Political and Economic Success Justice Sandra Day O Connor V.P Candidate Geraldine Ferraro Failure of ERA Conservatives and the Christian Right Opposed ERA ERA YES Button 12 Phyllis Schlafly in 2011

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14 Contraceptives The New Feminism The Abortion Controversy Roe v. Wade(1973)-Abortion Griswold v. Conn.(1965)-Birth Control 9th Amendment s Unenumerated Rights Right to Privacy Opposed by Christian Conservatives The Pill Introduced in

15 Environmentalism in a Turbulent Society The New Science of Ecology Idea of an Interrelated World Ecology s Postwar Growth Environmental Advocacy New Professional Environmental Activists 15

16 Environmentalism in a Turbulent Society Environmental Degradation Water and Air Pollution Earth Day and Beyond The First Earth Day EPA Established by Nixon Air Pollution (Royalty-Free / CORBIS) President

17 Nixon, Kissinger, and the War Vietnamization Henry Kissinger-National Security Advisor Consequences of Vietnamization ARVN Assumes Greater Combat Role Escalation Kent State Shooting-1971 Invasion and Bombing of Cambodia-1970 Pentagon Papers Leaked to New York Times-1971 Anti-war Movement Recharged My Lai Massacre-1971 Easter Offensive-March

18 Former Defense Official Daniel Ellsberg

19 Nixon, Kissinger, and the War Peace with Honor Christmas Bombing Presidential Election - Peace is at Hand Defeat in Indochina Fall of Saigon-April 1975 President Gerald Ford Domino Theory Fall of Cambodia and Laos-1975 Genocide of the Khmer Rouge 19 Pol Pot The skulls of Cambodian citizens form a haunting memorial to the brutality of the. Khmer Rouge during the 1970s

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21 Nixon, Kissinger, and the World Toward a Multi-polar World China and the Soviet Union Nixon s China Visit-Feb.1972 Taiwan Expelled from U.N SALT I-1972 Nuclear Arsenals Frozen at Current Levels The Problems of Multi-polarity Nixon Doctrine Volatility of the Third World U.S. Supported Authoritarian Regimes Six-Day War -June 1967 Yom Kippur War-Oct.1973 Arab Oil Embargo 21

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23 Easing Relations Between the United States and China Historical Background After its Communist takeover in 1949, the United States refused to recognize the People s Republic of China, viewing the government of Taiwan as the legitimate Chinese rulers. Steps to Ease Relations During the early 1970s, relations eased between the United States and the People s Republic of China. Nixon referred to the nation by name, travel and trade restrictions were lifted, and American table-tennis players visited China, beginning Ping-Pong diplomacy. Nixon s Visit to China In February 1972, Nixon became the first American President to visit China. Touring Chinese sites in front of television cameras, Nixon established the basis for future diplomatic ties during his visit. Recognizing the Chinese Government The United States decided to join other nations in recognizing the Chinese government. In October 1971, Taiwan lost its seat in the United Nations to the People s Republic of China.

24 Nixon Doctrine Election of Chilean President Salvador Allende-1970 *First Democratically Elected Socialist President in South America *Military Junta led by General Augustin Pinochet Overthrows Allende-1973 *CIA backs Right-wing Elements and the Catholic Church in Support of the Coup d etat *Allende killed in Coup and Pinochet Becomes Dictator of Chile Until 1990 I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist due to the irresponsibility of its own people. The issues are much too important for the Chilean voters to be left to decide for themselves." Henry Kissinger

25 Politics and Economics Under Nixon Domestic Initiatives Dismantling the Great Society Elimination of Social Programs From the Warren Court Richard M. Nixon to the Nixon Court Baker v. Carr(1962)-Apportionment Engel v. Vitale(1962)-Public School Prayer Unconstitutional Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)-Right to an Attorney Miranda v. Arizona(1966)- Miranda Rights Furman v. Georgia(1972)-Capital Punishment Bakke v. Board of Regents of California(1978)-Affirmative Action 25

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27 Politics and Economics Under Nixon The Election of 1972 George McGovern Assassination Attempt on George Wallace Nixon s Landslide The Troubled Economy Inflation OPEC-1973 Embargoed Nations Supported Israel Raised Prices 500% Energy Crisis Deindustrialization The Nixon Response Stagflation 27 Inflation and Stagnant Economy George McGovern That

28 The Watergate Crisis The Scandals The Changing Presidency The Watergate Break-In Offices of the Dem. Nat. Committee Cover-Up of the Break-in Saturday Night Massacre What did the president know and when did he know it? 28 Senator Howard Baker

29 Nixon s Close Advisors H. R. Haldeman After campaigning tirelessly for Nixon, advertising executive H. R. Haldeman became Nixon s chief of staff. John Ehrlichman Lawyer John Ehrlichman served as Nixon s personal lawyer and rose to the post of chief domestic advisor. John Mitchell Asked to be Attorney General after working with Nixon s campaign in New York, Mitchell often spoke with Nixon several times a day. Henry Kissinger Although he had no previous ties to Nixon, Harvard government professor Henry Kissinger first became Nixon s national security advisor and later his Secretary of State.

30 The Watergate Crisis The Fall of Richard Nixon U.S. v. Richard M. Nixon Nixon Resigns-1974 Our long national nightmare is over. 30 Gerald Ford

31 Patterns of Popular Culture: Rock Music in the Sixties 31

32 Where Historians Disagree: Watergate , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.