Second Edition INTRODUCTION TO APPROACHES, ACTORS, AND ISSUES. PauLA. Haslam Jessica Schafer Pierre Beaudet. Edited by UNIVERSITY PRESS

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Second Edition INTRODUCTION TO APPROACHES, ACTORS, AND ISSUES. PauLA. Haslam Jessica Schafer Pierre Beaudet. Edited by UNIVERSITY PRESS"

Mabel Lloyd
6 years ago
Views:

1 Second Edition INTRODUCTION TO APPROACHES, ACTORS, AND ISSUES Edited by PauLA. Haslam Jessica Schafer Pierre Beaudet UNIVERSITY PRESS

2 Boxes, Figures and Tables xi From the Publisher xvi Acknowledgements xix Acronyms xx Contributors xxiii Each chapter includes, at the beginning, Learning Objectives, and, at the end, Summary, Questions for Critical Thought, Suggested Reading, Related Websites, and Bibliography. PART I THEORTES*AND APPROACHES IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I Meaning, Measurement, and Morality in International Development Jessica Schafer, Paul Alexander Haslam, and Pierre Beaudet What Is the Developing World? 3 Labelling in International Development 5 Growth, Inequality, Poverty, and Development 9 Global Ethics and International Development 15 Ethical Behaviour and the Development Practitioner 22 CHAPTER 2 Imperialism and the Colonial Experience 28 Eric Allina European Expansion and Conquest 29 Rival Empires of Trade 31 'High' Imperialism in Africa 35 Common Themes in the Colonial Experience 38 CHAPTER 3 Theories of Development 45 Radhika Desai Development avant la Lettre 46 The Moment of Development 49 Disputing Development 52 Conclusion: Whither Development? 63

3 vi Contents CHAPTER 4 Post-Development and Alternatives to Development 68 Eunice N. Sahle The Post-Development Turn in Development Studies: Historical Context 68 Interrogating Post-1945 Development Discourse: Post-Development Perspectives 71 The Post-Development School: Brief Notes on Critiques 82 CHAPTER 5 Gender and Development: The Struggles of Women in the Global South 86 Andrea Martinez An Obstacle Course 86 The Emergence of the FieWWomen, Gender, and Development' 90 Three Lessons 102 CHAPTER 6 Globalization and Development 107 Pierre Beaudet «"* "introduction 107 Globalization and Developing Countries 108 Another Globalization? 116 Looking Ahead 120 PART II INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTORS 125 CHAPTER 7 State of the State: Does the State Have a Role in Development? 127 Anil Hira What Is the State? The Legacy of Colonialism 127 Defining the State's Role in Development 130 Central Debates about the Role of the State in Economic Development 131 Governance as a Process of Democratization 137 CHAPTER 8 National Development Agencies and Bilateral Aid 143 Stephen Brown Clarifying the Terminology 143 Overview of Aid Donors 144 Donor Motivations 147 Characteristics of Donors 150 Aid Recipients 153 Current Trends and Controversies 155 CHAPTER 9 The International Financial Institutions 159 Marcus Taylor Overview 159 The Origins of the IMF and World Bank 160

4 Contents vii Governance Structures 162 The Turbulent 1970s 163 The Debt Crisis, Structural Adjustment, and Conditionality 164 Beyond Structural Adjustment? 166 The World Bank, Good Governance, and Institution-Building 167 The IMF and the Asian Crisis 168 Into the New Millennium: Poverty Reduction and Country Ownership A New Crisis or a New Beginning? CHAPTER 10 The United Nations and Multilateral Actors in Development 175 David Sogge The United Nations System 176 The Agencies 178 Trends and Prospects for UN Agencies 187 Multilateral Organizations Anchored in Western Governments 189 Multilateral Organizations Anchored in Non-Western Governments One World, Many Regions CHAPTER Multinational Corporations Paul Alexander Haslam 197 What Is a Multinational Corporation? 197 What Motivates Multinationals to Go Abroad? 200 Relationship between States and Multinationals 204 International Regulation of MNCs 207 Corporate Social Responsibility 209 MNCS, Poverty, and Development 210 The People Strike Back: Contentious Issues in the Community-MNC Relationship Multinationals and Development CHAPTER 12 Civil Society and Development Henry Veltmeyer 217 Civil Society: The Itinerary of a Concept 218 Civil Society in Context 219 The Economic and Political Dynamics of Development and Civil Society 222 The Emergence of a Global Civil Society: The Political Dynamics of Anti- Globalization 223 Civil Society and Local Development 225 NGOS: Catalysts for Development or Agents of Outside Interests? 227 Development beyond Neoliberalism: Civil Society and the State 229 Globalization, the State, and Civil Society 231

5 viii Contents PART III ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 235 CHAPTER 13 Poverty and Exclusion: From Basic Needs to the Millennium Development Goals 237 David R. Morrison Why Should We Be Concerned about Poverty Reduction? 238 The International Aid Regime and Poverty Reduction: A Brief History 239 Who Are the Poor? Definitions and Conceptions of Poverty 245 How the Different Approaches Frame Policy 251 Poverty and Human Rights' 252 Beyond Neoliberalism: A New Approach to Poverty Reduction? 253 Key Elements of the Mehrotra-Delamonica Agenda 254 CHAPTER 14 Debt and Development 262 Joseph Hanlon Lending to Developing Countries 263 Governments, Politics, the Cold War, and the Debt Crisis 264 The 1980s Debt Crisis 266 The South Pays to Solve the Northern Crisis 270 Two Final Questions 273 CHAPTER 15 Free Trade and Fair Trade 279 Gavin Fridell Introduction 279 Free Trade and Fair Trade since The Limits of a Trade Perspective 288 The Future of International Trade 289 CHAPTER 16 Democracy 295 C6dric Jourde Clarifying the Concepts: A Difficult Task 295 'Waves' of Democratization 301 Explaining Democratization: Structure or Actors? The National or International Arena? 301 After Democratic Transition: Consolidation or a Return to Authoritarian Rule? 307 The Causal Weight of Democratization in Economic and Social Development 309 CHAPTER 17 Environment and Development 313 Deborah Sick Post-World War II Development Policies and the Environment 314 Changing Perspectives on Environment and Development 316 Sustainable Development in Practice 319 Participatory Approaches in Governance 321 Equity, Consumption, and Environmental Justice 323 The Complexity of the Development-Environment Nexus 327

6 Contents CHAPTER 18 Rural Development 333 Joshua Ramisch Introduction 333 Putting the 'Rural' in Context 335 Rural Transformations 339 Models 342 Challenges 348 CHAPTER 19 Urban Development: Cities and Slums in the Global South 355 Anne Latendresse and Lisa Bornstein Understanding Urbanization 356 Urbanization across Time and Space 357 Urbanization and Development: Not a Simple Equation 358 Cities, Globalization, and Socio-Spatial Fragmentation 361 Ineqyabty and Housing 363 Forces of Change: International Institutions, Local Governments, and Grassroots Initiatives 367 The Right to the City 368 Future Needs 368 CHAPTER 20 Development and Health Ted Schrecker 373 Introduction: Wealth, Health, and the Rest of the Story 373 Globalization, Development, and Health 379 The Changing Landscape of Global Health and Development Policy Development and Health: The Uncertain Future CHAPTER 21 Education and Development: The Perennial Contradictions of Policy Discourse 399 Richard Maclure, Refaat Sabbah, and Daniel Lavan Education for Development: Competing Perspectives 399 The Era of Educational Consensus and Expansion 401 The Tarnished Promise: Educational Crisis and the Erosion of Consensual Discourse 402 The Jomtien Conference and the Vision of Education for All 403 Reasserting Transformative Ideals 407 The Contradictions of Education for Development 410 CHAPTER 22 Conflict and Development 415 Astri Suhrke and Torunn Wimpelmann Chaudhary Posing the Question 415 Definitions, Approaches, and Methods 416 Conflict and Development: Perspectives and Findings 420 Development as a Conflictual Process 426 Dealing with the Development-Conflict Nexus: Intervention and Peace-Building 429 Learning from History 432

7 Contents CHAPTER 23 International Migration and Development 437 Khalid Koser Contemporary International Migration 437 Development and Migration 440 Migration and Development 446 Displacement and Development 449 Internal Migration 451 CHAPTER 24 Indigenous Peoples: A Category in Development 454 Natacha Gagn6 What Is Indigeneity? 454 A Short History of Indigenous Peoples' Struggle at the International Level 459 Recent Developments and Current Issues 465 CHAPTER 25 Technology, Information, and Development 473 ^ 4 Erwin A. Alampay Technology and Society 473 The Information Society 476 Ids and Society 480 The Digital Divide 482 Using ICTS for Development 485 CHAPTER 26 Culture and Development 493 Nissim Mannathukkaren Introduction 493 What Is Culture? 495 The Cultural versus the Material 496 Culture as Domination and Culture as Resistance 499 The Cultural Turn 503 CHAPTER 27 China, Socialism, Globalization, and Development 513 Samir Amin Introduction 513 Contrasting Legacies of the Chinese Revolution 514 The Challenges of Contemporary China 516 Concluding Thoughts: China in the Debate on Development 523 EPILOGUE The Future of Development? 526 Pierre Beaudet, Paul Alexander Haslam, and Jessica Schafer Growth and Poverty into the Twenty-First Century 526 Emerging Approaches: Beyond the Washington Consensus 528 Emerging Actors: The Rise of the BICS 529 Emerging Issues: The Financial Crisis in the North and the South 533 New Avenues in Development Practice 534 Glossary 538 Index 548

ernationa evelopment

ernationa evelopment Approaches, Actors,. and Issues Paul A. Haslam Jessica Schafer Pierre Beaudet OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS List of Boxes, Figures, and Tables Preface xiv Acknowledgements xvi List