Imperialism WWI Russian Revolution

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1 Imperialism WWI Russian Revolution

2 Information What is Imperialism? The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. What does this mean? European countries conquering territories to acquire resources, power, and wealth.

3 Information Who was involved? Belgium France German Empire Great Britain Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain United States

4 Where: Africa and Asia

5 When:

6 Why did European countries want colonies? Economic interests Natural resources Land Political and Military motives Transportation and trade Nationalism (prestige) Humanitarianism, Religion Social Darwinism Belief in racial superiority

7 Mass Media and Social Media

8 How did imperialism contribute to the onset of WWI? Competition for colonies led to intense rivalries among the European powers Ex. Germany and Italy wanted to create empires that would compete with those of Great Britain and France Other factors causing tension in Europe: Alliances Nationalism Militarism

9 MAIN causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

10 What: Nationalism and Militarism Nationalism The 19 th century belief that national interests should take precedent over international cooperation and global affairs. It also bound people together through pride and devotion in common ancestry, country, ethnic group, religion, or language group. Militarism The buildup of armies/militaries to use as a tool of diplomacy.

11 What: Alliances With the advent of militarism in Europe, countries became threatened and signed into mutual defense treaties By 1914, two major alliances Triple Entente (Allies) Great Britain, France, Russia (Russia also had an alliance with Serbia) Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (Ottoman) Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

12 What was the spark, or immediate cause, that ignited World War I? Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is shot and killed by Serbian terrorists (Black Hand)

13 How did it turn into a World War?

14 How did it turn into a World War? The Domino Effect Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Serbia had an alliance with Russia, who had an alliance with Great Britain and France Austria-Hungary had an alliance with Germany and Italy One by one they all fell into war Let s review the sequence of events:

15 How did this war compare to previous wars? Longer and deadlier due to industrialized warfare: Machine guns Airplanes Tanks U-Boat (submarine) Poisonous gas Trench warfare

16 Trench Warfare On the Western Front Trenches were long ditches surrounded by barbed wire to protect the troops. Technique: Bombard enemy with artillery fire Send soldiers into no-man s land to try to take enemy lines through brutal hand-tohand combat with bayonets, knives, and swords.

17 If World War I were a bar fight Germany, Austria and Italy are standing together in the middle of a pub when Serbia bumps into Austria and spills Austria's pint. Austria demands Serbia buy it a complete new suit because there are splashes on its trouser leg. Germany expresses its support for Austria's point of view. Britain recommends that everyone calm down a bit. Serbia points out that it can't afford a whole suit, but offers to pay for the cleaning of Austria's trousers. Russia and Serbia look at Austria. Austria asks Serbia who it's looking at. Russia suggests that Austria should leave its little brother alone. Austria inquires as to whose army will assist Russia in compelling it to do so. Germany appeals to Britain that France has been looking at it, and that this is sufficiently out of order that Britain should not intervene. Britain replies that France can look at who it wants to, that Britain is looking at Germany too, and what is Germany going to do about it? Germany tells Russia to stop looking at Austria, or Germany will render Russia incapable of such action. Britain and France ask Germany whether it's looking at Belgium. Turkey and Germany go off into a corner and whisper. When they come back, Turkey makes a show of not looking at anyone. Germany rolls up its sleeves, looks at France, and punches Belgium. France and Britain punch Germany. Austria punches Russia. Germany punches Britain and France with one hand and Russia with the other. Russia throws a punch at Germany, but misses and nearly falls over. Japan calls over from the other side of the room that it's on Britain's side, but stays there. Italy surprises everyone by punching Austria. Austria Australia punches Turkey, and gets punched back. There are no hard feelings because Britain made Austria Australia do it. France gets thrown through a plate glass window, but gets back up and carries on fighting. Russia gets thrown through another one, gets knocked out, suffers brain damage, and wakes up with a complete personality change. Italy throws a punch at Austria and misses, but Austria falls over anyway. Italy raises both fists in the air and runs round the room chanting. America waits till Germany is about to fall over from sustained punching from Britain and France, then walks over and smashes it with a barstool, then pretends it won the fight all by itself. By now all the chairs are broken and the big mirror over the bar is shattered. Britain, France and America agree that Germany threw the first punch, so the whole thing is Germany's fault. While Germany is still unconscious, they go through its pockets, steal its wallet, and buy drinks for all their friends.

18 Wisdom Results: Economic and Political Crises The catastrophe of World War I shattered the sense of optimism that had grown in the West since the Enlightenment. Despair gripped survivors on both sides as they added up the staggering costs of the war. It seemed as though a whole generation of young men had been lost on the battlefields. In reaction, the society and culture of Europe, the United States, and many other parts of the world experienced rapid changes. People saw their world spinning out of control. Economic crisis,(inflation, devaluation of currency) Failures of democratic governments resulted in the rise of Totalitarian systems of Government.

19 The Russian Revolution What were conditions like in Russia during WWI? Losses on the front 2 million dead in 1915 alone Food and fuel shortages; poverty Lack of confidence in government Revolutionaries hatching radical plots

20 Who Tsar Nicholas II Family has ruled Russia for centuries Weak leader made some attempt at industrialization Tried to use WWI to boost Russian morale and nationalism Vladimir Lenin Revolutionary Leader of the Bolsheviks Exiled to Germany Returns with the help of Germany Drives the revolution forward

21 When February Revolution, 1917 City-wide strike in St. Petersburg Army turns on commanders and joins the crowds Tsar Nicholas II steps down October (Bolschevik) Revolution, 1917 Soviet councils (revolutionaries) arm themselves Storm the Winter Palace take over government

22 How did Russia exit WWI? The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 1918 Germany gives Russia harsh conditions of surrender Russia give up: 1/3 of population ¾ of its iron resources 9/10 of its coal supply Land Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Results in civil war in Russia

23 Russia s Civil War ( ) Lenin s troops (Reds) vs. the White Army (pro-tsar) 15 million Russians die in fight and flu epidemic From Reds Whites Creation of USSR Nationalization of all land and banks New Economic Plan Lenin dies of a stroke

24

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