THE ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION to ASHGATE NON-STATE. Edited by BOB REINALDA

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1 THE ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION to a] ASHGATE NON-STATE Edited by BOB REINALDA

2 Bob Reinalda and the contributors 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Bob Reinalda has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Wey Court East Union Road Famham Surrey GU9 7PT England Ashgate Publishing Company Suite Cherry Street Burlington, VT USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The Ashgate research companion to non-state actors. 1. Non-state actors (International relations) 2. Non-governmental organizations. I. Research companion to non-state actors II. Reinalda, Bob dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reinalda, Bob. The Ashgate research companion to non-state actors / by Bob Reinalda. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (hardback : alk. paper)-isbn (e-book) 1. Non-governmental organizations. 2. International agencies. 3. International business enterprises. I. Title: Non-state actors. JZ4841.R dc ISBN (hbk) ISBN (ebk) A - MIX ^ Paper from responsible sources FSC C Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group, UK

3 AS H GATE RESEARCH COMPANION Contents List o f Figures and Tables List o f Contributors ix xi Part I: Introduction and Sources 1 Non-State Actors in the International System of States Bob Reinalda 2 The Yearbook o f International Organizations and Quantitative Non-State Actor Research Elizabeth Bloodgood 3 Researching Transnational History: The Example of Peace Activism Thomas Richard Davies 4 The United Nations Intellectual History Project and the Role of Ideas Francis Baert Part II: Actors Other than Governments 5 Transnational Religious Actors John T.S. M adeley and Jeffrey Haynes 6 Transnational Corporations and the Regulation of Business at the Global Level Karsten Ronit 7 Unravelling the Political Role of Experts and Expertise in the Professional Services Industry Angela Wigger 8 Parliaments and Parliamentarians as International Actors Andrés Malamud and Stelios Stavridis 9 Autonomous Agencies of the European Union as Non-State Actors Martijn Groenleer Part III: Perceptions and Understanding 10 Liberal Political Philosophy: The Role of Non-State Actors and Considerations of Global Justice Geoff Gordon and Roland Pierik 133

4 T h e A sh g a te R esea r c h C o m p a n io n to N o n - S tate A ctors 11 Non-Governmental Organizations and Non-State Actors in International Law Anna-Karin Lindblom 12 Intergovernmental Organizations in International Relations Theory and as Actors in World Politics Joel E. Oestreich 13 Inter-Organizational Relations: An Emerging Research Programme Rafael Biermann 14 Civil Society and NGO: Far from Unproblematic Concepts Norbert Gotz 15 Non-State and State Actors in Global Governance Martin Koch 16 Limitations of Intergovernmental and Non-Governmental Organizations Dennis Dijkzeul and William E. DeMars Part IV: Nature and Impact 17 Non-State Actors and the Transformation of Diplomacy Brian Hocking 18 Dynamism and Resilience of Intergovernmental Organizations in a World of Persisting State Power and Rising Non-State Actors Yves Schemed 19 International Bureaucracies: Organizing World Politics Steffen Bauer and Silke Weinlich 20 Interest Representation and Advocacy within the European Union: The Making of Democracy? Sabine Saurugger 21 From Agenda Setting to Decision Making: Opening the Black Box of Non-Governmental Organizations Liesbet Heyse 22 Non-Governmental Organizations and Decision Making in the United Nations Jutta Joachim 23 The Ongoing Organizational Reform of the United Nations Yves Beigbeder 24 Reporting and Peer Review in the Implementation of International Rules: What Role for Non-State Actors? Thomas Conzelmann 25 Accountability of Public and Private International Organizations Steve Charnovitz 26 Non-State Actors and the Proliferation and Individualization of International Dispute Settlement Eric De Brabandere

5 C o n t e n t s Part V: Separate Worlds 27 Politics and the World of Humanitarian Aid Wolf-Dieter Eberwein 28 Non-Governmental Organizations in the Human Rights World Anja Mihr 29 Non-State Actors in the Global Security World Carolyn M. Stephenson 30 Non-State Actors in the Development Aid World as Seen from the South Moushumi Basu 31 Cities for Citizens in the Global South: Approaches of Non-Governmental Organizations Working in Urban Development Diana Mitlin 32 Non-State Actors in the Global Health World Peter Hough 33 Non-State Actors in Multilateral Trade Governance Dirk De Bievre and Marcel Hanegraaff 34 Non-State Actors and Environmental Governance: Comparing Multinational, Supranational and Transnational Rule Making Lars H. Gulbrandsen, Steinar Andresen and Jon Birger Skjaerseth Bibliography Index vii

6 THE ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION to NON-STATE ACTORS Edited by BOB REINALDA How do non-state actors matter in international relations? This volume recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NCOs), intergovernmental organizations (ICOs) and transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation and coordination. After an introductory part on current qualitative and quantitative sources, this comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art essays is comprised of four main thematic parts: Part II examines actors other than governments, such as transnational religious actors, business representatives and experts, and also parliamentarians and agencies set up by ICOs. Part III studies the perceptions and understandings in political philosophy, international law and international relations theory. It questions concepts used (civil society, NCO, governance) and covers the limitations to be kept in mind. Part IV analyses the nature and impact of non-state actors. Chapters discuss processes within international bureaucracies (diplomacy, dynamism, bureaucratic power, contribution to democracy) and the quintessence of deliberation and decision making within NCOs and ICOs and of implementation, accountability and dispute settlement. Part V studies specific worlds of non-state actors: humanitarian aid, human rights, security, the North-South divide, health, trade and environment. Accessible and articulately written, The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors is aimed at a wide readership of scholars and practitioners in international relations. Bob Reinalda is a Researcher in Political Science at Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He has written a history of international organizations between 1815 and 2009, covering both intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. He has also co-edited studies about autonomous policy making by, decision making within, and implementation by international organizations (with Bertjan Verbeek and Jutta Joachim). He is currently preparing a biographical dictionary of secretaries-general of intergovernmental organizations.