Lecture Outline: Chapter 7
|
|
- Jennifer Norton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture Outline: Chapter 7 Campaigns and Elections I. An examination of the campaign tactics used in the presidential race of 1896 suggests that the process of running for political office in the twenty-first century combines strategies and tools of the past with innovations of the present. A. Presidential campaigns continue to rely on personal appearances by candidates, rallies, campaign posters, and the distribution of millions of pieces of campaign literature. B. Today, however, campaigns take place under the umbrella of many regulations and restrictions at both the federal and state levels, with constitutional amendments and federal and state laws affecting the way candidates are nominated, how campaigns are run, and who is eligible to vote. C. Yet many Americans are suspicious of the election process. Two-thirds of Americans feel distant and disconnected from government. Almost one-third have an unfavorable attitude toward Congress, and 57 percent feel that they can trust government in Washington to do what is right only some of the time or never. D. The public is also critical of the way candidates conduct and finance their campaigns. Many believe that there should be restrictions on campaign spending, a finding not surprising in light of press reports that millions of dollars can be spent on a U.S. Senate or House race as well as in elections for the office of governor or mayor. E. A myth widely accepted by the public about elections the myth of broken promises or the idea that elections have no impact on government policies fosters these beliefs. F. In analyzing the election process, we find that this myth represents only partial truths. Many politicians are highly motivated to fulfill their campaign promises. II. III. The first step in the election process is the selection of candidates the nomination process. Every year, thousands of individuals decide to run for office. Both personal ambition and policy goals motivate people to run for political office. A. Personal satisfaction includes the acquisition of power and the prestige of holding office. B. These rewards often drive politicians to climb what Joseph Schlesinger calls the opportunity structure: the political ladder of local, state, and federal offices that brings greater prestige and power as one moves toward the presidency. C. More than a career, however, candidates are also committed to public service and to policy goals. In partisan elections, most prospective candidates must first secure a party nomination. A. One of the oldest nomination methods is the caucus, a meeting open to party loyalists where candidates are slated by the party. Caucuses are used in about 20 percent of the states to select delegates to the national party presidential conventions. B. Most federal, state, and local candidates for office are selected in primaries, elections in which party members (and sometimes all voters, depending on state law) select candidates to run under the party banner in a general election. There are several forms of the primary. 1. In states that use an open primary, any qualified voter may participate regardless of his or her party affiliation. 2. In closed primaries, voters can obtain a ballot only for the party in which they are already registered. 3. In a partisan primary, candidates run for their own party s nomination, but in nonpartisan primaries, candidates are listed with no party label.
2 IV. 4. Finally, a run-off primary used in 10 southern states takes place in a multicandidate race when no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first primary. A run-off primary takes place between the top two vote getters. 5. The first presidential primary is always held in New Hampshire. Historically, presidential primaries were spread out over the first six months of the calendar year in which the presidential election took place. In 2000, however, many states, eager to have an early influence on the Republican and Democratic nomination process, moved their primaries ahead. As a result of this front-loading phenomenon, by March 2000, approximately 70 percent of the delegates to both the Republican and Democratic conventions had been selected. C. Both the Democrats and Republicans select their presidential candidates at national nominating conventions. 1. Although state presidential primaries and caucuses have obscured and, for all intents and purposes, replaced the presidential nominating role played by the national party conventions, the convention still serves as a place for party delegates to transact business, write party platforms, and provide publicity for their presidential and vice-presidential nominees. 2. The Democrats have been particularly active in reforming the delegate selection process, thereby opening the system to more grassroots, nonleadership delegates. 3. Voter turnout in state presidential primaries where convention delegates are selected is generally very low. In most primaries, fewer than 30 percent of the eligible voters turn out to vote; often the percentage is under 20 percent. In the 2002 primaries held in 37 states, with the presidential nomination not at stake, only 17 percent of the voting-age population voted. D. Historically, white, male, wealthy Protestants (the exceptions being Catholics Al Smith in 1928 and John Kennedy in 1960) have been presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Although barriers still remain, there is some evidence, with the 1984 Democratic vice-presidential nomination of Geraldine Ferraro and the 2000 Democratic vice-presidential nomination of Joseph Lieberman of the Jewish faith, that ethnic, racial, gender, and religious barriers to public office at all levels are breaking down. Campaign watching is a favorite American pastime, although Americans are critical of many aspects of the campaign process. A. One area constantly critiqued by the public and many officeholders and the media is campaign financing. 1. Campaigns at many levels have become very expensive, generating the moneybuys-elections myth. In 1972, revelations of the illegal donations solicited by the Nixon campaign committee (CREEP) fueled this suspicion by the public. 2. In 2000, campaign costs in all federal elections exceeded $3 billion. 3. The Federal Election Act of 1971 (and subsequent amendments) established a commission to monitor the flow of funds in federal elections; it also set limits on contributions, provided for public financing of presidential elections, and restricted total spending by presidential candidates who accept federal funding. 4. In 2000, each presidential candidate spent approximately $68 million on the general election. 5. Any evaluation of these expenditures has to be understood in light of the way money is spent in other areas. For example, Procter & Gamble, General Motors, and Philip Morris each spend over $2 billion a year advertising their products. 6. Sources of money include the candidate s own resources, political action committees (PACs) (see also Chapter 8), and individual contributions. The latter
3 makes up the largest proportion of campaign contributions in presidential primaries and congressional races. B. Does money buy elections? Many scholars argue that this is not the case. 1. Money is a very important ingredient in most campaigns, particularly for the most visible and sought-after offices. Most of the time, however, it is not enough for victory. Many big spenders lose elections (Michael Huffington spent over $28 million in his losing California race for the U.S. Senate in 1994; Michael J. Coles spent more than $3.3 million in his unsuccessful race for the House of Representatives in 1996), and those who spend little can win (William Proxmire spent $150 in his 1982 victorious bid for reelection to the Senate from Wisconsin). 2. A major concern of those who want to reform the campaign finance process is the use of soft money in campaigns. Soft money is unrestricted contributions to political parties from individuals, corporations, and unions that can be spent on party-building activities like voter registration drives and get-out-the-vote efforts. The problem is that loopholes in the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended in 1974 and later, allow soft money to also be spent in support of party candidates as long as key words like elect, vote for, or vote against do not appear in campaign ads. The Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 bans soft money contributions to the national political parties. The future of the Reform Act remains uncertain, however, since the U.S. Supreme Court will make the final decision on the constitutionality of the law. 3. According to one student of campaign funding, Gary Jacobson, other factors that affect the outcome of many races include incumbency, partisanship, national tides, presidential coattails, issues, candidates personalities and skills, and scandals. C. The organization of many campaigns has become professionalized. 1. Many candidates still rely on personal staffs and volunteers to run their races. 2. For the most visible and sought-after offices, however, candidates who are well financed use professional consultants. D. Campaign strategy has become a preoccupation of many candidates. 1. The importance of issues in campaigns has grown. 2. Incumbents take advantage of their visibility and their records in developing strategies, although a poor or controversial record can spell doom for a candidate. Over the past 50 years, on average, over 90 percent of Senate and House incumbents have been reelected to office. 3. Since the 1960s, the new campaign style has included, in high-visibility campaigns, a reliance on many important technological tools and innovations. 4. The media, particularly television with free time on news broadcasts and paid advertisements play an important role in the development of campaign strategies (see also Chapter 9). 5. Polls are used widely to dramatize the viability of a candidate, evaluate strengths and weaknesses, assess the relevancy of issues, and determine the campaign s impact on voters (see also Chapter 5). Positive poll results can energize a campaign and draw new support and funding. Polls are very expensive, however, so they are used only in well-financed campaigns. 6. Computers have revolutionized many campaigns, facilitating mass mailings, record keeping, and campaign analysis. The low cost of some computers allows them to be used in local elections. 7. Over the past three decades, technical changes in the running of campaigns have been accompanied by growth in the number of professional campaign consultants trained to use the new tools. These consultants have undermined the role of parties,
4 although the national and state party organizations have begun to adapt the tools of the new campaign style to their services for candidates (see also Chapter 6). Nevertheless, over the past three decades, we have moved from party-centered campaigns to candidate-centered campaigns. V. Ultimately, however, it is the voter who determines the winning candidate. A. The Constitution originally left most of the decisions on voting qualifications up to the individual states. 1. Originally, all 13 states placed heavy restrictions on voting rights, limiting them mostly to white, property-owning or tax-paying males. 2. African-American males received the right to vote with the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment; the Twentieth Amendment gave women the vote in 1920; the Twenty-Sixth Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to The federal government has had to intervene on numerous occasions to ensure voting privileges to African-Americans and other minorities. The 1965 Voting Rights Act and subsequent extensions and amendments in 1970 and 1982 contributed to the banning of literacy tests and other similar qualifying devices and extended the act to other minority groups, including Hispanics and Eskimos. 4. The act has resulted in increased electoral participation by minorities. It has been supplemented by Supreme Court action banning property ownership requirements, poll taxes, and shortened residency requirements. B. Although Americans are proud of our free electoral system, we don t turn out in large numbers for elections. 1. On average, only 50 percent of eligible voters turn out for presidential elections, well below the average in many Western European democracies, where turnout typically averages 70 to 80 percent in elections. 2. Higher turnout in many European nations may be explained by laws that allow voting on weekends, automatic universal registration, and fines for individuals who do not vote and do not have legitimate reasons. C. Who votes, and why don t more citizens vote? 1. Individuals who vote regularly are more likely to have attained higher educational levels and to have larger incomes and better jobs than nonvoters. 2. Non-English-speaking citizens tend to vote in lower numbers, although voting is increasing among these groups with increased education and subsequent English fluency. 3. Younger citizens are less likely to vote than older people, partly because of preoccupation with the demands of school, military service, or new careers. 4. Women turn out in slightly higher percentages than men (see also Chapter 5). 5. Citizens tend not to vote because of legal and structural reasons (for example, preregistration requirements) and because many believe in the myth of broken promises, fueled by a lack of confidence in government. D. Many variables influence how an individual will vote. 1. Many American voters pay at least some attention to issues when making their choices. 2. The personal qualities of a candidate particularly leadership qualities are also very important. This was particularly true after the impeachment and trial of President Clinton. Even though he was not convicted, many Americans, supportive of his policy positions, were distressed by the events surrounding his impeachment. Voters looked for strong leadership and personal qualities in the 2000 presidential elections and in the 2002 congressional races.
5 VI. 3. Party identification is an important cue for many voters in elections at all levels (see extensive discussion of this topic in Chapter 6). 4. Many voters engage in retrospective voting, in which individuals base their vote on the candidate s or party s past record of performance. This was true in 1980 when many voters rejected Carter s past performance (63 percent saw the election as a rejection of Carter); in 1984, when many voters supported Reagan because of their perception of his record; and in 1988, when 52 percent of the voters indicated that they wanted to keep to the Reagan course, an opinion that clearly favored Vice President Bush. By 1992, many voters felt that Bush had not fulfilled his agenda and had spent too much time on foreign policy issues, thus ushering in the Clinton administration. In 1996, peace and prosperity assured the public that Clinton should be reelected to a second term. There is little doubt that retrospective voting had some impact on voters in the 2000 elections. 5. Support from different ethnic, racial, economic, and religious groups is also evident in elections. (See chapter 7 for a breakdown of voting patterns in the 2000 elections.) E. To understand the presidential campaign process, students must know about the constitutional environment in which presidential campaigns take place specifically, the electoral college. 1. The Founding Fathers were hesitant to place the selection of the president directly in the hands of the people. An electoral college evolved in which the people elect electors in each state, equal to the number of members of the House and the Senate from that state. The electors then vote for the president. 2. With very few exceptions, the vote of electors within a state reflects the popular vote within that state. The presidential candidate receiving the plurality vote in a state receives all of its electoral college votes. The two exceptions are Maine and Nebraska, which award their electoral college votes according to both the statewide vote and who wins a plurality in each congressional district. 3. A total of 538 electoral college votes are cast in the 50 states and Washington, D.C. 4. Although it is possible for a president to be elected with a majority of the electoral college vote but not a majority of the popular vote (this happened in 1888 and 2000), none of the reforms put forward to change the selection process have gained general acceptance. We continue to elect presidents and vice presidents indirectly through the electoral college even though the highly visible and contested 2000 election raised questions regarding its viability. Campaigns are linked to public policy. A. Although there is public skepticism about the responsiveness of government, the perception of broken promises is a simplification of the facts. B. Candidates do not fulfill all of their promises, but that task would be impossible given the competing interests and concerns of citizens in this country. The collective wish list of Americans is too extensive to be realistically fulfilled. C. The failures of officeholders do not necessarily reflect a lack of resolve. They often try hard to implement their promises. Presidents have been reasonably successful in fulfilling their campaign promises. D. Presidents programs fail because they are sometimes poorly conceived or ineffective, Congress will not cooperate because of the competing interests of their district constituents, or the president is unable to convince his own party members to support his programs. E. The politics of implementation are often complex, but many officeholders try hard and often succeed in many of their promises.
6 VII. Do elections matter? A. Elections do matter. Candidates run for office for personal reasons, including power, but they also run to implement promised policies. The myth of broken promises is, at best, only a partial truth, and evidence suggests that many campaign promises are kept. B. Money is important in fact, it is necessary for any campaign. However, we find that money alone is insufficient in most campaigns to win an election. Incumbency, issues, personality, skills, national trends, partisanship, and many other factors contribute to the success or failure of a candidate s quest for office. Voter characteristics, including religion, ethnic identity, race, age, and other factors also have an impact on the way people vote.
Purposes of Elections
Purposes of Elections o Regular free elections n guarantee mass political action n enable citizens to influence the actions of their government o Popular election confers on a government the legitimacy
More informationEXAM: Parties & Elections
AP Government EXAM: Parties & Elections Mr. Messinger INSTRUCTIONS: Mark all answers on your Scantron. Do not write on the test. Good luck!! 1. All of the following are true of the Electoral College system
More informationCH. 9 ELECTIONS AND CAMPAIGNS
APGoPo - Unit 3 CH. 9 ELECTIONS AND CAMPAIGNS Elections form the foundation of a modern democracy, and more elections are scheduled every year in the United States than in any other country in the world.
More informationEDW Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior: Nominations, Caucuses
EDW Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior: Nominations, Caucuses 1. Which of the following statements most accurately compares elections in the United States with those in most other Western democracies?
More informationCampaigns & Elections. US Government POS 2041
Campaigns & Elections US Government POS 2041 Votes for Women, inspired by Katja Von Garner. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvqnjwk W7gA For Discussion Do you think that democracy is endangered by the
More informationCampaigns & Elections November 6, 2017 Dr. Michael Sullivan. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOVT 2305 MoWe 5:30 6:50 MoWe 7 8:30
Campaigns & Elections November 6, 2017 Dr. Michael Sullivan FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOVT 2305 MoWe 5:30 6:50 MoWe 7 8:30 Current Events, Recent Polls, & Review Background influences on campaigns Presidential
More informationChapter Ten: Campaigning for Office
1 Chapter Ten: Campaigning for Office Learning Objectives 2 Identify the reasons people have for seeking public office. Compare and contrast a primary and a caucus in relation to the party nominating function.
More informationCAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS
I. CONTENTS: A. Recent History B. Public opinion. C. Campaigns and elections DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Posc 150 CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS II. III. A BRIEF HISTORY LESSON:
More informationTexas Elections Part I
Texas Elections Part I In a society governed passively by free markets and free elections, organized greed always defeats disorganized democracy. Matt Taibbi Elections...a formal decision-making process
More informationElections and Voting Behavior
Elections and Voting Behavior Running for Office: 4 step process Presidential election process: Nomination caucus/primary national convention general election slate of candidates election held with in
More informationPolitical party major parties Republican Democratic
Political Parties American political parties are election-oriented. Political party - a group of persons who seek to control government by winning elections and holding office. The two major parties in
More informationChapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior (Elections) AP Government
Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior (Elections) AP Government The Nomination Game 9.1 Competing for Delegates 9.1 National party convention State delegates meet and vote on nominee Nomination process
More informationDEMOCRATS DIGEST. A Monthly Newsletter of the Conference of Young Nigerian Democrats. Inside this Issue:
DEMOCRATS DIGEST A Monthly Newsletter of the Conference of Young Nigerian Democrats Inside this Issue: Primary Election I INTRODUCTION Primary Election, preliminary election in which voters select a political
More informationLaws and the Electoral Process
Government 12 Laws and the Electoral Process Constitution gives Congress certain conditions and requirements for elections Passed a number of laws and regulations Rules vary a great deal because states
More informationAP US GOVERNMENT: CHAPER 7: POLITICAL PARTIES: ESSENTIAL TO DEMOCRACY
AP US GOVERNMENT: CHAPER 7: POLITICAL PARTIES: ESSENTIAL TO DEMOCRACY Before political parties, candidates were listed alphabetically, and those whose names began with the letters A to F did better than
More informationElections and Voting Behavior
Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy Fourteenth Edition Chapter 10 Elections and Voting Behavior How American Elections Work Three types of elections:
More information9/1/11. Key Terms. Key Terms, cont.
Voter Behavior Who, What & When of Voting Americans Key Terms off-year election: a congressional election held in the even years between presidential elections ballot fatigue: a phenomenon that results
More informationTexas Voting & Elections (Chapter 04) Dr. Michael Sullivan. Texas State Government GOVT 2306 Houston Community College
Texas Voting & Elections (Chapter 04) Dr. Michael Sullivan Texas State Government GOVT 2306 Houston Community College AGENDA 1. Current Events 2. Political Participation in Texas 3. Voting Trends 4. Summary
More informationChapter 6: Voters and Voter Behavior Section 1
Chapter 6: Voters and Voter Behavior Section 1 The Electorate The Constitution originally gave the power to decide voter qualifications to the States. Since 1789, many restrictions on voting rights have
More informationChapter 6: Voters and Voter Behavior Section 4
Chapter 6: Voters and Voter Behavior Section 4 Objectives 1. Examine the problem of nonvoting in this country. 2. Identify those people who typically do not vote. 3. Examine the behavior of those who vote
More informationPolitical Attitudes &Participation: Campaigns & Elections. State & Local Government POS 2112 Ch 5
Political Attitudes &Participation: Campaigns & Elections State & Local Government POS 2112 Ch 5 Votes for Women, inspired by Katja Von Garner. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvqnjwkw7ga We will examine:
More informationChapter 9: Elections, Campaigns, and Voting. American Democracy Now, 4/e
Chapter 9: Elections, Campaigns, and Voting American Democracy Now, 4/e Political Participation: Engaging Individuals, Shaping Politics Elections, campaigns, and voting are fundamental aspects of civic
More informationPolitical Campaign. Volunteers in a get-out-the-vote campaign in Portland, Oregon, urge people to vote during the 2004 presidential
Political Campaign I INTRODUCTION Voting Volunteer Volunteers in a get-out-the-vote campaign in Portland, Oregon, urge people to vote during the 2004 presidential elections. Greg Wahl-Stephens/AP/Wide
More informationChapter 10: Elections and Campaigns
Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns Who Wants to Be a Candidate? There are two categories of individuals who run for office the self-starters and those who are recruited by the party The nomination process
More informationChapter 8: Campaigns and Voting Behavior
Chapter 8: Campaigns and Voting Behavior 1. American presidential campaigns are best described as (A) inexpensive (B) tightly regulated. (C) easygoing. (D) long and arduous. 2. A party s official endorsement
More informationChapter Nine Campaigns, Elections and the Media
Chapter Nine Campaigns, Elections and the Media Learning Outcomes 1. Discuss who runs for office and how campaigns are managed. 2. Describe the current system of campaign finance. 3. Summarize the process
More informationconnect the people to the government. These institutions include: elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media.
Overriding Questions 1. How has the decline of political parties influenced elections and campaigning? 2. How do political parties positively influence campaigns and elections and how do they negatively
More informationChapter 13: The Presidency Section 4
Chapter 13: The Presidency Section 4 Objectives 1. Describe the role of conventions in the presidential nominating process. 2. Evaluate the importance of presidential primaries. 3. Understand the caucus-convention
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying Chapter 9, you should be able to: 1. Explain the nomination process and the role of the national party conventions. 2. Discuss the role of campaign organizations and
More informationUnit #2: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors AP US Government & Politics Mr. Coia
Unit #2: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors AP US Government & Politics Mr. Coia Name: Date: Period: Thurs 10/10 (Tues 10/15) Grading FRQs Conservative and liberal views of the Affordable Care Act Video:
More informationWhat Is A Political Party?
What Is A Political Party? A group of office holders, candidates, activists, and voters who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under that label. Consist
More informationUnit 2: Political Beliefs and Behaviors Session 2: Political Participation
Unit 2: Political Beliefs and Behaviors Session 2: Political Participation Learning Targets How do Americans participate politically? How have voting rights been suppressed within the United States How
More informationElectoral Politics. John N. Lee. Summer Florida State University. John N. Lee (Florida State University) Electoral Politics Summer / 12
Electoral Politics John N. Lee Florida State University Summer 2010 John N. Lee (Florida State University) Electoral Politics Summer 2010 1 / 12 Campaign Finance Campaign Finance The financing of a politician
More informationGrowth Leads to Transformation
Growth Leads to Transformation Florida attracted newcomers for a variety of reasons. Some wanted to escape cold weather (retirees). Others, primarily from abroad, came in search of political freedom or
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying Chapter 10, you should be able to: 1. Explain the functions and unique features of American elections. 2. Describe how American elections have evolved using the presidential
More informationUnit #2: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors AP US Government & Politics Mr. Coia
Unit #2: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors AP US Government & Politics Mr. Coia Name: Date: Period: Mon 10/6 AP Gov course evaluation Grading FRQs Conservative and liberal views Explain Election Interview
More informationThe text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to participate. speak. protest. *vote. rally.
The text defines as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics. direct action *political participation unconventional participation conventional
More informationChapter 6: Voters and Voter Behavior Section 1: The Constitution and the Right to Vote
Section 1: The Constitution and the Right to Vote Key Terms: suffrage; franchise; electorate A. The History of Voting Rights 1. In the early 1800s religious, property-ownership, and tax-payment qualifications
More informationChapter 14: THE CAMPAIGN PROCESS. Chapter 14.1: Trace the evolution of political campaigns in the United States.
Chapter 14: THE CAMPAIGN PROCESS Chapter 14.1: Trace the evolution of political campaigns in the United States. Jer_4:15 For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth affliction from mount Ephraim. Introduction:
More information2012 DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION THE VIRGINIA DELEGATE SELECTION PROCESS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
2012 DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION THE VIRGINIA DELEGATE SELECTION PROCESS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS This publication provides information regarding Virginia s Democratic National Convention Delegate Selection Process
More informationStandard &
Standard 12.3.1 & 12.6.4 12.3.1 Explain how civil society provides opportunities for individuals to associate for social, cultural, religious, economic and political purposes. 12.6.4 Describe the means
More informationBLISS INSTITUTE 2006 GENERAL ELECTION SURVEY
BLISS INSTITUTE 2006 GENERAL ELECTION SURVEY Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics The University of Akron Executive Summary The Bliss Institute 2006 General Election Survey finds Democrat Ted Strickland
More informationRECOMMENDED CITATION: Pew Research Center, July, 2016, 2016 Campaign: Strong Interest, Widespread Dissatisfaction
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE JULY 07, 2016 FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES: Carroll Doherty, Director of Political Research Jocelyn Kiley, Associate Director, Research Bridget Johnson,
More informationAmerican political campaigns
American political campaigns William L. Benoit OHIO UNIVERSITY, USA ABSTRACT: This essay provides a perspective on political campaigns in the United States. First, the historical background is discussed.
More informationUnit 4 Test Bank Congress
Unit 4 Test Bank Congress 2) Which of the following did the framers of the Constitution conceive of as the center of policymaking in America? A) the President B) the people C) Congress D) the courts E)
More information1. Amendments impacting Voting. 15th - No Racial Discrimination. 17th - Direct election of senators by citizens, not state legislature appointment
Exam 6A Notes 1. Amendments impacting Voting 15th - No Racial Discrimination 17th - Direct election of senators by citizens, not state legislature appointment 19th - no sex/gender discrimination (Female
More informationChapter 7 Political Parties: Essential to Democracy
Key Chapter Questions Chapter 7 Political Parties: Essential to Democracy 1. What do political parties do for American democracy? 2. How has the nomination of candidates changed throughout history? Also,
More informationChapter 08: Public Opinion and Voting Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is a new restrictive law implemented by Arizona? a. Voters must be twenty-one years of age to be eligible to vote. b. Voters must first obtain a driving license
More informationUNIT 5-1 CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENCY
UNIT 5-1 CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENCY STRUCTURE OF CONGRESS House of Representatives Senate Membership 435 members (apportioned by population) 100 members (two from each state) Term of office 2 years; entire
More informationUnit #2: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors AP US Government & Politics Mr. Coia
Unit #2: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors AP US Government & Politics Mr. Coia Name: Date: Period: Fri 10/7 Unit 1 Constitutional Underpinnings Test Writing Gov FRQs Explain Election Interview sheet
More information2017 CAMPAIGN FINANCE REPORT
2017 CAMPAIGN FINANCE REPORT PRINCIPAL AUTHORS: LONNA RAE ATKESON PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, DIRECTOR CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF VOTING, ELECTIONS AND DEMOCRACY, AND DIRECTOR INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH,
More informationChapter 5. Political Parties
Chapter 5 Political Parties Section 1: Parties and what they do Winning isn t everything; it s the only thing. Political Party What is a party? A group or persons who seek to control government through
More informationTOP TWO CANDIDATES OPEN PRIMARY ACT
TOP TWO CANDIDATES OPEN PRIMARY ACT BACKGROUND On June 8, 2010, California voters approved Proposition 14, which created the Top Two Candidates Open Primary Act. Allows all voters to choose any candidate
More informationName Class Period. MAIN IDEA PACKET: Political Behavior AMERICAN GOVERNMENT CHAPTERS 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9
Name Class Period UNIT 3 MAIN IDEA PACKET: Political Behavior AMERICAN GOVERNMENT CHAPTERS 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 CHAPTER 5 POLITICAL PARTIES Chapter 5 Section 1: Parties and What They Do Political Parties, essential
More informationFOR RELEASE APRIL 26, 2018
FOR RELEASE APRIL 26, 2018 FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES: Carroll Doherty, Director of Political Research Jocelyn Kiley, Associate Director, Research Bridget Johnson, Communications Associate 202.419.4372
More informationPolitical Parties CHAPTER. Roles of Political Parties
CHAPTER 9 Political Parties IIN THIS CHAPTERI Summary: Political parties are voluntary associations of people who seek to control the government through common principles based upon peaceful and legal
More informationTHE NOMINATING PROCESS
THE NOMINATING PROCESS There are 5 major ways in which nominations can be made. VUS6b NOMINATIONS This is one of the important functions of political parties. A nomination is the official naming of the
More informationPublic Opinion and Political Participation
CHAPTER 5 Public Opinion and Political Participation CHAPTER OUTLINE I. What Is Public Opinion? II. How We Develop Our Beliefs and Opinions A. Agents of Political Socialization B. Adult Socialization III.
More informationNonvoters in America 2012
Nonvoters in America 2012 A Study by Professor Ellen Shearer Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications Northwestern University Survey Conducted by Ipsos Public Affairs When
More informationPolitical Parties and Soft Money
7 chapter Political Parties and Soft Money The role of the players in political advertising candidates, parties, and groups has been analyzed in prior chapters. However, the newly changing role of political
More informationAP GOPO CHAPTER 9 READING GUIDE
AP GOPO CHAPTER 9 READING GUIDE 1. Have levels of political participation increased in recent years? 2. Remember what grassroots is. It s come up once or twice before in class. 3. What is a primary? Are
More informationChapter 09: Campaigns and Elections Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice 1. In most states, the provides the list of registered voters and makes certain that only qualified voters cast ballots. a. super political action committee b. election board c. electorate
More information4) Once every decade, the Constitution requires that the population be counted. This is called the 4)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The Founders intended that the House of Representatives be 1) A) professional. B) electorally insulated.
More informationCampaigns and Elections
Campaigns and Elections Dr. Patrick Scott Page 1 of 19 Campaigns and Elections The Changing Nature of Campaigns l Internet Web Sites l Polling and Media Consultants l Computerized Mailing Lists l Focus
More informationReadiness Activity. (An activity to be done before viewing the video)
KNOWLEDGE UNLIMITED NEWS Matters Why Don t Americans Vote? Vol. 4 No. 1 About NEWSMatters Why Don t Americans Vote? is one in a series of NewsMatters programs. Each 15-20 minute video in the NewsMatters
More informationIowa Voting Series, Paper 6: An Examination of Iowa Absentee Voting Since 2000
Department of Political Science Publications 5-1-2014 Iowa Voting Series, Paper 6: An Examination of Iowa Absentee Voting Since 2000 Timothy M. Hagle University of Iowa 2014 Timothy M. Hagle Comments This
More informationPolitical Beliefs and Behaviors
Political Beliefs and Behaviors Political Beliefs and Behaviors; How did literacy tests, poll taxes, and the grandfather clauses effectively prevent newly freed slaves from voting? A literacy test was
More informationSelecting a President: The Presidential Nomination and Election Process
Selecting a President: The Presidential Nomination and Election Process Presidential Selection Stage 1: Caucuses & Primaries The Battle for the Party Faithful Stage 2: Nominating Conventions Glorified
More informationIowa Voting Series, Paper 4: An Examination of Iowa Turnout Statistics Since 2000 by Party and Age Group
Department of Political Science Publications 3-1-2014 Iowa Voting Series, Paper 4: An Examination of Iowa Turnout Statistics Since 2000 by Party and Age Group Timothy M. Hagle University of Iowa 2014 Timothy
More informationAPGAP Reading Quiz 2A AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES
1. Which of the following is TRUE of political parties in the United States? a. Parties require dues. b. Parties issue membership cards to all members. c. Party members agree on all major issues or they
More informationLECTURE #1: THE OREGON SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS
LECTURE #1: THE OREGON SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS OBJECTIVES Explain the Oregon System of Elections. Describe the basics of voting. Explain how and why it is important to become an informed voter. Oregon s Election
More informationPrimary Election Systems. An LWVO Study
Primary Election Systems An LWVO Study CONSENSUS QUESTIONS with pros and cons Question #1. What do you believe is the MORE important purpose of primary elections? a. A way for political party members alone
More informationTHE VIRGINIA DELEGATE SELECTION PROCESS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ON THE RULES
THE VIRGINIA DELEGATE SELECTION PROCESS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ON THE RULES This document provides information regarding Virginia s Democratic National Convention Delegate Selection Process in a question
More informationPresidential Race Nip and Tuck in Michigan
SOSS Bulletin Preliminary Draft 1.1 Presidential Race Nip and Tuck in Michigan Darren W. Davis Professor of Political Science Brian D. Silver Director of the State of the State Survey (SOSS) and Professor
More information4. Which of the following statements is true of a special election? a. It is used to fill vacancies that occur by reason of death.
1. Which of the following public positions is chosen by voters during a national general election? a. The position of the mayor b. The position of the president c. The position of the governor d. The position
More informationChapter 13: ELECTIONS
Chapter 13: ELECTIONS Chapter 13: ELECTIONS ROOTS OF AMERICAN ELECTIONS: 13.1 Trace the Roots of American Elections, and Distinguish Among Four Different Types of Elections. (Act 1:26) And they gave forth
More informationElection Campaigns GUIDE TO READING
Election Campaigns GUIDE TO READING Main Idea Every two years for Congress and every four years for the president, voters respond to political campaigns by going to the polls and casting their ballots.
More informationLESSON Money and Politics
LESSON 22 157-168 Money and Politics 1 EFFORTS TO REFORM Strategies to prevent abuse in political contributions Imposing limitations on giving, receiving, and spending political money Requiring public
More informationMagruder s American Government
Presentation Pro Magruder s American Government C H A P T E R 7 The Electoral Process 200 by Prentice Hall, Inc. C H A P T E R 7 The Electoral Process SECTION The Nominating Process SECTION 2 Elections
More informationChapter 10 Elections and Campaigns
Chapter 10 Elections and Campaigns WHO GOVERNS? 1. How do American elections determine the kind of people who govern us? 2. What matters most in deciding who wins presidential and congressional elections?
More informationCRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web
CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web 97-1040 GOV Updated June 14, 1999 Campaign Financing: Highlights and Chronology of Current Federal Law Summary Joseph E. Cantor Specialist in American
More informationUnit 7 - Personal Involvement
Unit 7 - Personal Involvement Getting Interested -Personal Involvement- Of the people, by the people, for the people Abraham Lincoln used these words in a famous speech the Gettysburg Address. He was talking
More informationThe California Primary and Redistricting
The California Primary and Redistricting This study analyzes what is the important impact of changes in the primary voting rules after a Congressional and Legislative Redistricting. Under a citizen s committee,
More informationPart 1 Role of Mass Media
Part 1 Role of Mass Media Questions to Ask What is Mass Media? How does the mass media fulfill its role to provide the public with political information? How does the mass media influence politics? What
More informationTulane University Post-Election Survey November 8-18, Executive Summary
Tulane University Post-Election Survey November 8-18, 2016 Executive Summary The Department of Political Science, in association with Lucid, conducted a statewide opt-in Internet poll to learn about decisions
More informationMoney and Political Participation. Political Contributions, Campaign Financing, and Politics
Money and Political Participation Political Contributions, Campaign Financing, and Politics Today s Outline l Are current campaign finance laws sufficient? l The Lay of the Campaign Finance Land l How
More information1. One of the various ways in which parties contribute to democratic governance is by.
11 Political Parties Multiple-Choice Questions 1. One of the various ways in which parties contribute to democratic governance is by. a. dividing the electorate b. narrowing voter choice c. running candidates
More informationIntroduction to Women in Politics
Introduction to Women in Politics Jaclyn J. Kettler Boise State University NEW Leadership Idaho May 22, 2018 1 Outline Political Participation of Women Representation of Women Barriers Facing Women in
More informationI. Introduction II. Election Procedure and Timeline III. Open Positions for Statewide positions subject to all- member election
2017 Election Manual Table of Contents I. Introduction... 1 II. Election Procedure and Timeline... 1 III. Open Positions for 2017... 2 Statewide positions subject to all- member election IV. CMS Election
More informationCharter of the. As amended by the Washington State Democratic Convention on June 16, Preamble
Charter of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington As amended by the Washington State Democratic Convention on June, 1 1 Preamble We, the Democrats of the State of Washington, believe in the concepts
More informationVoter Participation and Costs of Elections
Voter Participation and Costs of Elections By: OpenStaxCollege In U.S. presidential elections over the last few decades, about 55% to 65% of votingage citizens actually voted, according to the U.S. Census.
More informationTexas Elections Part II
Texas Elections Part II In a society governed passively by free markets and free elections, organized greed always defeats disorganized democracy. Matt Taibbi Regulation of Campaign Finance in Texas 1955:
More informationBits and Pieces to Master the Exam Random Thoughts, Trivia, and Other Facts (that may help you be successful AP EXAM)
Bits and Pieces to Master the Exam Random Thoughts, Trivia, and Other Facts (that may help you be successful AP EXAM) but what is government itself but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?
More informationUnit 3 Take-Home Test (AP GaP)
Unit 3 Take-Home Test (AP GaP) Please complete these test items on the GradeCam form provided by your teacher. These are designed to be practice test items in preparation for the Midterm exam and for the
More informationElections: Campaign Finance and Voting
Elections: Campaign Finance and Voting GLOSSARY Bundling The practice whereby individuals or groups raise money from individuals on behalf of a candidate and combine it into a single contribution. Election
More informationELECTIONS AND VOTING BEHAVIOR CHAPTER 10, Government in America
ELECTIONS AND VOTING BEHAVIOR CHAPTER 10, Government in America Page 1 of 6 I. HOW AMERICAN ELECTIONS WORK A. Elections serve many important functions in American society, including legitimizing the actions
More informationAsian American Survey
Asian American Survey Findings from a Survey of 700 Asian American Voters nationwide plus 100 each in FL, IL, NV, and VA Celinda Lake, David Mermin, and Shilpa Grover Lake Research Partners Washington,
More informationRUBRICS FOR FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
RUBRICS FOR FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS 1. Using the chart above answer the following: a) Describe an electoral swing state and explain one reason why the U. S. electoral system magnifies the importance of
More informationCHAPTER 10 OUTLINE I. Who Can Become President? Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution sets forth the qualifications to be president.
CHAPTER 10 OUTLINE I. Who Can Become President? Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution sets forth the qualifications to be president. The two major limitations are a minimum age (35) and being a natural-born
More informationA Practical Guide to Understanding the Electoral System. Courtesy of:
WHY SHOULD VOTE? A Practical Guide to Understanding the Electoral System F O R S T U D E N T S Courtesy of: Flagler County Supervisor of Elections PO Box 901 Bunnell, Florida 32110 Phone: (386) 313-4170
More information