WORKSHOP REPORT. CROSS BORDER MEETING For ETHIOPIA- KENYA. Report of Kenya Ethiopia Somali cluster cross border meeting held in Moyale

Transcription

1 WORKSHOP REPORT CROSS BORDER MEETING For ETHIOPIA- KENYA 1

2 Abbreviations and Acronyms 2

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction Opening Remarks Country Presentations Briefs and presentation of country peace structures and initiatives for Ethiopia (Dukana, Maikona and others) Briefs and presentation of country peace structures and initiatives for Kenya (Modogashe, Maikona and others) Eastern Province/Oromiya Regional State... Error! Bookmark not defined North Eastern Province/Somali Regional State Recommendations and Next Steps... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.0 Action Plan (Tentative) Annexes Concept note Program List of participants

4 1.0 Introduction Peace, Conflict and Security situation The issue of peace and security has continued to be a key concern along the Kenya- Ethiopia border. This situation has been exacerbated by the persistent attacks among the communities along the cross-border regions. Like other types of violent conflicts, the occurrences have resulted to loss of lives, property and livelihoods, amongst other gross human violations which occur with pastoralist and other related conflicts. As a result, there has been a deliberate effort by various actors to resolve these issues through the cordial relations of the two governments; Ethiopia and Kenya; various peace initiatives have been undertaken on border security towards conflict mitigation, prevention and resolution. Such initiatives have been through the CEWARN-IGAD mechanism incorporating local administrative governments, civil society, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, District Peace Committees and other agencies. The CEWERU of Ethiopia and Kenya, under the auspices of CEWARN in partnership with Enhanced Livelihood for the Mandera triangle (ELMT)/ELTS held the first Somali Cluster cross-border peace meeting to address peace and security concerns along the cross border region. The Ethio-Kenya cross-border peace meeting had the representation of the two national conflict early warning and response units (CEWERUs); government representatives, civil society representatives, local administration and security, local peace committee members and community leaders and elders among others to deliberate on the viable ways forward to addressing and resolving these conflicts. The first day of the Moyale cross-border peace meeting on November 2 nd 2009 was dedicated to in-country consultations in order to avail an opportunity for the country delegations from both Ethiopia and Kenya deliberate on and develop country-specific ideas and issues that would inform the joint meeting that took place on November The objectives of the Moyale meeting were; To evaluate peace, conflict and security dynamics along Ethio-Kenya border and possibly propose a sub-regional peace framework to coordinate peacebuilding activities; Identify any existing framework in terms of structures, roles and responsibility, and particularly CEWERU structures; 4

5 Identify corresponding cross-border CEWERU local peace structures and their focal points; Identify ongoing community peace initiatives to build upon and adopt to strengthen peace building and possibly inform the establishment of a crossborder framework. Expected outcomes Harmonized strategies for cross-border peace building initiatives; Facilitate continuous and enhanced information exchange between the relevant stakeholders at the cross-border levels; Enhanced mechanisms of conflict early warning response and conflict mitigation, prevention and management along the Ethio-Kenya cross-border areas otherwise known as the Somali Cluster Official Opening of the Cross Border Consultations Opening remarks by; Ambassador Brook Debebe; Ethiopia Special Envoy to IGAD Ambassador Brook began his statement by noting that the IGAD region is continuously affected by endemic violent conflicts. These conflicts have continuously undermined the development of the region and threatened livelihood. He acknowledged that the meeting availed an opportunity to address various issues influencing inter-community conflicts along the two countries cross-order areas. In this regard he underscored that if development and increased quality of life of the pastoralist communities were to be realized, then it is imperative for peace and security be fostered. Ambassador Brook concluded by acknowledging the presence and expected contributions by the two countries honorable ministers, members of parliament, local security and administrators, civil society and local community leadership, 5

6 CEWARN staff, and CEWERU Officials, and representatives of international NGOs and development partners Opening remarks; Mr. Raymond Kitevu; Ag. Director CEWARN The Acting Director recognized by acknowledging the presence of the guests and other participants. He emphasizes on the meeting being a key milestone peace building in the cross-border areas of Ethiopia and Kenya otherwise known as the Somali Cluster as it availed an opportunity to assess ongoing communitydriven peace initiatives, identify progress achieved and strategically put in place mechanisms to address any gaps and challenges that may hinder full realization of peace and security in these areas. Mr. Kitevu acknowledged the contribution, role and support that both the Kenya and Ethiopian Governments had continued to accord the CEWARN Mechanism s work in conflict early warning and response. He particularly lauded and recognized the role the two countries CEWERUs, civil society, CBOs, FBOs, local administration and security, field monitors, district peace committees, development partners including USAID, and international NGOs including RELPA/ELMT/ELSE/ had played in ensuring the meeting s convening and success. Mr. Kitevu concluded by urging the participants to ensure that the meeting realized its objectives towards peace and security in the Somali Cluster. 6

7 Key guests following proceedings of the Kenya Ethiopia cross border meeting Opening remarks by Hon. Mohamed Ibrahim Elmi; Minister for State and in the Office of the Prime Minister for the Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands; also Kenya Head of Delegation. The Head of Kenyan Delegation commended the commitment demonstrated by the two governments in ensuring that peace prevailed in their regions. He made reference to the Government of Kenya strategy that seeks to end inter-communal conflicts in four main components notably; that the sole responsibility of any state is to protect its citizens; all politicians should spearhead the search for peace; the communities change their attitude, practice and beliefs which perpetuate violence; and lastly the governments put in place a comprehensive regional policy to facilitate collaboration and coordination between neighboring states. In the context of the meeting; the participants in their capacity should replicate the same in their region. He further emphasized on the need for attitudinal change and cultural practices and beliefs that perpetuate violence which can be effectively addressed through a sustained peace campaigns and education of the communities through various forums and initiatives by stakeholders. In reference to laws and legislations, 7

8 emphasis was on the need for states to adopt, domesticate and implement regional policies to facilitate collaboration and coordination between the neighboring states. In consideration of the conflict dynamics within the pastoralist regions of the Somali Cluster, the Honorable minister recommended that there is need for the cluster to constructively engage the right actors for comprehensive engagement with the communities Opening remarks Dr. Shiferaw Teklemariam; Minister for Federal Affairs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; Head of Delegation; The Honorable Minister for Federal Affairs acknowledged the CEWERU initiatives under CEWARN mechanism that were instrumental in forging harmonious community relations at the cross-border levels of IGAD member states. He highlighted the need for enhanced partnership and coordinated approaches by the member states along the cross-border regions in various peace building activities. He also made recommendations on the cross-border linkages between different institutions working in the Somali Cluster for realization of sustainable peace, security and development. He noted that these linkages will cut across areas of education, health, trade and amongst others as they would seek to generate appropriate intervention strategies for socio-economic development and promotion of human security. To this, he made reference to the best practices derived from the local community peace declarations of Modogashe, Dukana and Maikona that has enhanced community management and resolution of existing conflicts. These initiatives therefore underscored peace endeavors by the local communities in the cross-border areas. In his conclusion he called upon the participants to generate viable and effective ideas for purposes of strengthening and consolidating cross-border peace initiatives to ensure that the Somali Cluster was a peaceful and stable region 8

9 3.1. Country Reports : Kenya The meeting on the Kenyan Side took place in Moyale Kenya Opening Remarks S. K. Maina, NSC/CEWERU Coordinator The NSC Coordinator Mr. S.K. Maina thanked and welcomed the participants for attending the cross border meeting. He called for introductions of the participants and highlighted to them who the NSC/CEWERU is. He further highlighted the structure of CEWARN within the IGAD framework and their linkages with the national CEWERUs, making reference to the community structures that facilitated response and communal interventions at the community level. The coordinator made reference to the two clusters; Karamoja and Somali and reiterated on the peace building initiatives being supported by CEWARN within the stated clusters. He highlighted on the peace architecture through which the structures had cascaded from national to community level; CEWERU(NSC), Provincial Peace Forum, District Peace Committee and local peace committees. The coordinator reported on the ongoing initiatives in Karamoja cluster particular the Turkana and Dassenach peace process and the continuous efforts of the two governments in addressing the emerging cross border conflict issues.. Mr. S. K Maina NSC Coordinator addressing the Kenyan delegates participants 9

10 Remarks by; Joshua Nkanatha D.C Moyale The host DC welcomed the participants to Moyale town. He expressed that the town was a safe place save for occasional cross border conflicts resulting to cattle rustling. He stated other issues such as immigration, illicit trade and strife for resources that posed various threats and should be addressed at a future date Remarks by; Charles Igiha D.C Wajir North (representative of North Eastern Province) The D.C extended gratitude to the Eastern province for hosting the meeting and their perseverance and assistance during the challenges they experienced. He encouraged this good relationship internally before engaging in external conflicts. Participants were encouraged to be ambassadors for peace and foster good neighborliness at the cross-border region Remarks by; Wenslas Ongayo Deputy P.C Eastern Province He stated that the meeting had been organized by the CEWERU He noted that the region had encountered major challenges on peace and security, and a result the region was under developed in comparison to other parts of the country. While acknowledging the road construction work that was ongoing on the Isiolo- Marsabit route, he noted that banditry attacks continued to persist with attacks coming from the Samburu, an issue that should be addressed. He cautioned the impacts of this among the youth and society and called on the morans to shun the bad practices thus embrace alternative livelihoods. While the pastoral communities may want to engage in conflicts, he advised that the two governments of Kenya and Ethiopia were keen to address the concerns raised. Hence he emphasized on the issue of livestock branding which he believed would be important in identification of stolen livestock. In his remarks the Deputy P.C noted that the communities were keen in exaggerating the figures of stolen animals which was not a true presentation of the figures as reflected during the census. On peacebuilding initiatives, the Deputy P.C. emphasized on the contribution by the elders through the district peace committees structures that were in the process of being legalized by the government. Upon recognition, operation of 10

11 these committees would be efficient and effective on the emerging conflict issues. In this regard, he advised the elderly to continuously advise and engage the youth in productive activities at the community level. In his concluding remarks the Deputy P.C. called upon the participants to focus on positive values and invest on educational institutions that will address the youths and be one minded during the consultative meeting with the Ethiopians. He urged the participants and their communities to support the governments endeavor to develop the infrastructure and other areas of Moyale Presentation of country peace structures and initiatives - Kenya The participants were then divided into districts groups to help identify the conflict issues and peace structures in their respective areas. Highlight the cross border community initiatives and structures; carry out a conflict mapping of the districts and analysis of the stakeholders. The issues identified were summarized as follows; Resource-based conflicts along water points and competition for pastures during the drought/famine seasons; Illegal and excess flow of pastoral migrations; Proliferation of illicit SALW; Negative ethnicity/clanism and polarization of local politics; Poaching within the Kenyan borders; Illegal cross-border trade involving contraband and smuggling; Limited central and federal government institutions presence and representation; Breakdown of community social fabric e.g. drugs abuse and immorality. The participants noted that various stakeholders had been at the forefront in mitigating the conflicts mentioned above and most important and notable was the role played by local communities and state agencies in the cross-border areas. In response to the above mentioned challenges the following strategic recommendations were proposed: i. Strategic Recommendations Emerging conflict issues Recommendations Resource-based conflicts Facilitate ongoing communal sharing processes through 11

12 (especially water and pasture) Livestock and property conflicts Proliferation of illicit SALWs Cross-border movement/migration of pastoralist communities coordinated and harmonized approaches; Sinking of boreholes and water pans in strategic places and conflict hot-spot areas along the borders; Encourage cross-border livestock sales and livestock branding; Establish and strengthen cross-border peace committees with more government representation; Quarterly cross-border meetings and follow-up consultations; Seek authorization on use of grazing lands from local leadership and other relevant authorities; Formation of cross-border Environmental Management Committees Modalities of Modogashe and Maikona Declarations to be adapted in resolving cross-border conflict issues Establishment of strategic cross-border livestock markets Cross-border modalities to be put in place for animal health; Both countries to implement fully The Nairobi Protocol on SALWs Prior notification be made to host country before any communal migration takes place; Respect traditional grazing norms and values; Build immigration and customs posts and bridges on River Dawa to facilitate easy movement of people across the Ethio- Kenya border; Possession of legitimate documents on livestock and other properties during migration; Negotiated and agreed limited or set duration of stay for the pastoralists. Respect state laws and maintenance of order. Illegal Trade Establish custom offices at border points and regions; Strengthen cross-border trade. Cross-border incursions Joint operation along the Kenya Ethiopia borders with due regard to laid down procedures. Breakdown of Joint cross-border campaigns community social fabric Cross-border youth sensitization on drug abuse. e.g. drug abuse and immorality Human Health Cross-border modalities to be put in place for human health; Informed cross-border policies on health issues and concern i.e. HIV/Aids Negative Intermarriages ethnicity/clanism and Interaction in social-cultural activities like sports, athletics, divisive politics and peace ceremonies; Invest in community pastoral education; 12

13 Equitable sharing of resources; Community Education; Inter community dialogues; Following the above presentation, it was evident that the communities along the cross border regions have issues that needed action from various agencies. These findings would thus inform the processes and initiatives of coexistence among the neighboring communities. Provincial/regional country initiatives A sample case study of ongoing local initiatives at the Upper Eastern Region was made; Challenges on Peace and security 1. Border security and co-operation-this has been held in recognition that various actors within and outside the country have a role to play for enhanced peace and security. However challenges are still encountered in the complete eradication of cattle rustling, SALW prevention to due porosity of the borders, and lack of appropriate systems and areas of engagement between Kenya and Ethiopia. 2. Lack of an effective communication channel between the security personnel in Kenya and Ethiopia. 3. Encroachment of the non development zone along the common border thus causing conflicts and strife for resources 4. Challenges and threats posed by the influx of immigrants and other movements by the communities along the border regions. 5. Lack of standard co-operation and information sharing on matters of human health along the common border currently in place. 6. With regard to livestock health there is no sharing of surveillance reporting mechanism for Trans boundary diseases but require due to frequent movement of animals in search of water and pasture. 7. The need to foster education as a cross cutting tool of intervention between the two countries. In response to the above, community dialogue meetings have been held in an attempt to mitigate conflicts emerging from the above mentioned gaps. This has been an ongoing process between Kenya and Ethiopia since The fundamental recommendations of the meetings held have been; 13

14 Return of stolen livestock and property, Adherence to the agreements arrived at by the communities; Enhanced communication channels and infrastructure Punishment of perpetrators via legal and traditional instruments;, Continuous dialogue meetings Fostering peace and good neighborliness Sustainability of the peace process for follow up. It was noted that the above initiatives had enhanced relative peace and security in some regions. However in some areas of Amarkoke and Dasanach that had not been the case. In some instances, the administrators and security officers have diluted the process. Proposed Solutions/way forward i. Cattle Rustling Noting that this had been a trend in the regions, the following specific recommendations were made; Joint peace meetings for enhanced peaceful co-existence and discourage rustling among the communities in the two countries. Viable and vibrant youth initiatives that will uplift their living standards. Construction of an abattoir for livestock farmers in the region in order for them to access direct marketing for their livestock. Issue loans to pastoralists as a way of enabling them to venture into other commercial sectors rather than nomadic lifestyle. Address the problem of illicit proliferation of SALW. ii. Proliferation Of Small Arms and Light Weapons As a key contributor to cross border conflicts, it was recommended that there is need to; Use gadget detectors in various roadblocks in order to contain the menace. Deploy of security personnel along the border regions, Fast track joint regional initiatives and harmonization of legislations iii. OLF Activities Intensified crack down on areas suspected to be their hideouts. iv. Border Trade Training of officers to comply with the trade requirements 14

15 v. Boundary Pillars Inspection and Maintenance Need for frequent inspection and maintenance. vi. Immigration Matters Need for a working relationships between the two immigration Departments. vii. Animal /Human Health This calls for closer collaboration in this sector which is the lifeline of the communities in this region. Established livestock market information system for better marketing. Deputy P. C Eastern Mr. W Ongayo making a presentation on the peace and security initiatives in Eastern province viii. Strategies For Sustainable Peace and Development Facilitate District Peace and Reconciliation Committees (DPRC) in peace capacity building process. Enhance alternative livelihood programmes for maximized benefit. 15

16 Facilitate an agriculture programme aimed at reclaiming the underproductive and to facilitate food crop production through irrigation schemes and it should further provide farm inputs to the farmers. Infrastructure development to open up the region to, boreholes and other facilities. Restocking livestock to pastoralists in order to uplift their economic standard. The government should introduce mobile libraries and class for pastoral communities to curb the increasing rate of illiteracy in the region Country Reports: Ethiopia The Ethiopian side of the meeting which took place at Koket Hotel on the 2nd of November was opened by Dr. Shiferaw Tekle Mariam the Minister of Federal Affairs of FDRE. This was preceded by blessings and remarks by community leaders and representatives of Oromiya and Somali regional states. The Minister of Federal Affairs emphasized that the resolution of cross border conflict is entirely dependent on the community; the government can only lend support and work hand in hand with the community in realization of peace. He has pledged to the community the commitment of Ethiopian s government and support in this regard. Representatives of the regional governments of Oromiya and Somali emphasized the link between peace and development and cooperation with neighbors and that there is a strong need to resolve our conflicts and build peace. The need for neighborly cooperation was succinctly put by Gabra Aba Geda: you live with your neighbor you die with your neighbor and this was exemplified by the recent cross border movement of Kenyan livestock deep into Ethiopia Moyale, Yabello all the way to Arero which could have been impossible if there had not been good relations and peace between communities It has been indicated that the Ethiopian CEWERU has established local structures up to Kebele (sub-location) level and this is showing encouraging results. For example raided livestock have been recovered; noticeable improvement has been made in cross border trade and movement of goods. The meeting stressed that the local committees should get budgetary support from the government and their capacity should be enhanced through training and the provision of trainings and material support 16

17 Moreover,, these local structures should work in close collaboration with existing peace structures of the government and customary institutions as well as to establish linkages with corresponding structures on the Kenyan side to nurture the peace and reap the peace dividends. In addition community led initiatives like the Dukana/Maikona process should be consolidated and their declarations and best practices adopted into the CEWERUs activities. The participants were then divided into Groups (Oromiya and Somali Regions) and examined key questions and issues to guide their group discussion and recommend steps that will help realize the meeting objectives. Participants of the Eth. country consult 1 These were Identification of the existing peace structures along the border Identification and prioritization of conflicts along the border Recommendation of measures to improve and strengthen the Ethiopian CEWERU structures Recommendation of measures to improve and strengthen collaboration among the cross border CEWERU structures of Ethiopia and Kenya GROUP 1: Oromiya Regional State existing peace structures Border commission Traditional structures conflict issues Access to resource ( watering points and To strengthen the Ethiopian CEWERU structures Address logistics gaps such as budget Create linkages To strengthen collaboration among the cross border CEWERU structures of Ethiopia and Kenya TOR and modalities that define their 17 Deleted: Formatted Table

18 CSO /CBO led structures ( such as structures/initia tives formed after Maikona) CEWERU structures grazing areas) Movement of antipeace forces such as OLF The tendency of individual disputes/c riminal activities assuming communal nature Frequent livesock theft Impact of drought and famine across the border Accommodate relevant regional and zonal structures into the system Regular linkage across the border Allocation of regular budget to the LPCs by government Provide communicatio n equipments Expand FMs role to include teaching peace values to the communities collaboration should be developed and adopted Should meet regularly and share experience Linkages should being from district cascading to location level Should create linkage with traditional and other structures for maximum effect FMs on the Kenyan side are not visible like their Eth. Counterparts Group 2: Somali Regional State existing peace conflict issues structures To strengthen the Ethiopian CEWERU structures To strengthen collaboration among the cross border CEWERU structures of Ethiopia and Kenya Formatted Table Community level peace structures Governent security structure Livestock theft Competition over access to resources such as grasing areas and watering points The CEWERU structures need ot be revitalised Formation of CEWERU structure in areas they are not created Coordination Design and apply a joint cross border working modelaity/fra mework among the two ceweru structures Establish 18

19 Increasing private rangelands vs. communal rangeland Cyclical drought and famine The activities of anti-peace forces in instigating communal conflicts Revenge and counter revenge attacks Rape and defilement Land use particualtly along the rive banks Cultural practices such as songs that encourage conflict Lack of good governance Forecasts of traditional seers Bankrupt local officials Local clan politics with other peace structures of government and communal nature Committemnt from the government of Kenya and Ethiopia Continual sesnistisation of the communities regular forum and meeting After the groups presentations, the consultation of the Ethiopian side emphasized and recommended the following: The meeting commended the work of the recently revitalized and formed CEWERU structures/peace committees 19

20 In areas where the CEWERU structures/committees are not formed and operational, suggestions were made that the structures need to be either revitalized or formed The CEWERU structures of Ethiopia need to work in coordination and in close collaboration with other existing structures of the government and community The issue of budget is crucial for the proper functioning of these CEWERU committees and hence the government has to devise a way to secure budget for these structures as of next year. Until then the Regional and Woreda administration need to find way to allocate budget and other resources for these committees from their budget for security The CEWERU structures are encouraged to engage in addressing internal communal conflict aside from their primarily role of responding to cross border conflicts The participants commended and appreciated the communal initiatives such as Dukana/Maikona and agreed to support this and other similar initiatives; the CEWERU structures/committees are instructed to work closely and support these initiatives to consolidate and sustain the outcomes Identifying corresponding Kenyan CEWERU structures and working closely with these institutions was regarded as essential for the success of the Ethiopian CEWERU structures To this end, establishing a cross border working modality for collaboration has been underlined as a priority Capacity building was considered crucial to make the CEWERU structures a well-functioning and effective early warning and response structures The CEWERU peace committees were strongly advised to adopt a strategy of community- led and owned response process for their work to have maximum impact Lessons from the traditional conflict resolution initiatives a) Dukana, Maikona and Modogashe Declarations A highlight on the above mentioned declarations was issued. It was noted that the declarations have contributed significantly towards sustainable peace. It was reported that Dukana declaration was binding to communities around Dukana and Dillo between Boran and Gabra. It prescribed schemes for compensation upon breach of agreements on commission of certain acts. As a result of the all 20

21 inclusivity principle, the declaration was reviewed to accommodate other communities in Isiolo and Moyale Kenya thus the formulation of Maikona declaration. It was reported that the Maikona Declaration was one of the document with best practices that govern the relationship of Borana and Gabra community. The communities pledged to live peacefully with one another and enhance sharing in the use of resources. The declaration urges the communities to hold regular meetings for continuous consultations in times of conflict. The Maikona meeting endorsed the Dukana Declaration as a result of their capacity to mitigate conflicts through consolidated efforts of organizations, communities and local administration. The Declaration thus is binding to the greater Borana and Gabbra communities. Key prescriptions are; For every stolen animal the fine shall be 4 times animal stolen and incurred expenses of tracking the animals by government officials. A person who injures another with intent to kill the fine is 15 cows and they will be handed over to government law. A person who kills another will be fined 30 cows and handed over to government Propaganda and incitement of populace is punishable by a fine of 5 cows. Aiding, abetting and concealment of information on persons instigating violence and other acts of conflicts will be fined accordingly. b) Modogashe/Garissa Declaration The declaration was entered by the communities in North Eastern Rift Valley and Upper Eastern region; Wajir, Marsabit, Garissa, Moyale, Samburu and Isiolo. It sought to address conflicts of emanating from unauthorized grazing, trafficking of illegal firearms, cattle rustling, highway banditry, control of livestock diseases and trade, and socio economic empowerment. It also gives clear guidelines on how the issues can be addressed. The declaration also defined the roles of the peace committees which had facilitated in mitigating conflicts along the corridor. While the document has been binding to the stated members, the same is in the process of review for enhanced harmonious relations of the neighboring communities Group Discussions on Thematic Issues 21

22 The participants were taken through the regional analysis of conflict in the Somali cluster. The objective herein was to identify the common challenges and ways of addressing them. The group discussions were set in two-fold reflecting the corresponding administrative cross-border regions neighboring each other; a) Eastern Province of Kenya/Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia b) North-Eastern Province of Kenya/Somali Regional State of Ethiopia The tasks for the Group Discussions was identifying and addressing the following issues; 1. Identify and locate existing cross-border peace/ceweru structures 2. Who are the focal persons for corresponding cross-border CEWERU/peace structures? 3. Identify and prioritize cross-border conflict issues and make recommendations on how to resolve them. 4. What modalities do you propose for improving cross-border engagements/linkages of existing peace/ CEWERU structures? The response was to facilitate the respective communities to set strategies of engagement at the cross border regions through the following proposals; Eastern Province of Kenya/ Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia Structure Area Chair Provincial Administration Eastern Province, Kenya Provisional Commissioner (PSIC) Federal Oromiya Regional State, Foreign Affairs Ethiopia District security committee (DPC) and District Peace Committee Moyale - Kenya Marsabit North Sololo DC chairperson DPC chairperson from community District Peace Committee (DPC) CEWERU /CEWARN FM Dillo Ethiopia Dirre Miyo Moyale Moyale Ethiopia /Kenya Marsabit Dillo/Dirre Miyo Wored Administratior (WA) WA WA WA Field Monitors (FM) 22

23 Moyale Cross border Committees Structure District Division Location Area Moyale-Moyale Argane, Mado- D.F. (Sololo) M. Ambo-Bori Dabr- Bori Arbale - Somore Cross border committee Dirro Chalbi Miyo Sololo Dilo Marsabit (Chalbi) Goray Dukana Qadim Bada/Forole Arbale Hadhi Chirate Hadhi Hobog Saru Magado forole Liche Gomole Uran Obbu Meti Golole Dukale Anon Gifncho Waye Gomdisa Dambala Fachana Issues 1. Scarcity of water/pasture (resource based conflict) 2. Tribalism negative tribalism (propaganda) 3. Revenge/ Counter revenge violence cycle Recommendations Engage community/ government at all levels Provision of water Common cross border land use Cross-border committees and meetings quarterly Intermarriages Social cultural activities Identify specific culprit not tribe/clan/ community/cross border initiative. Change attitude and bad cultural practice to break cycle 4. Livestock/ property theft Implement declarations Maikona 5. Cross border incursions / OLF Joint operations on both countries Community engagement 6. Social fabric breakdown Build schools / colleges 7. Illiteracy Invest in education formal/informal Polytechnics/ adult classes 8. Poverty Invest in development 23

24 Strengthening the community/ cross border structures Supporting and monitoring structures Enhance committees boundary networking at all levels. Empowering field monitors and putting in place proper logistics for improved information collection and dissemination Strengthening the community/ cross border structures Supporting and monitoring structures Enhance committees boundary networking at all levels. North Eastern Province of Kenya and the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia Structure Area Focal Person Wajir North (Cross-Border Peace Committee - Wajir North Chairman CBPC CBPC) Bute Mandera West (Cross-border peace Banisa Chairman CBPC committees) Mandera North(Cross border peace Rhamu Chairman CBPC committees) Mandera East Mandera town DPC Chair Kenya CEWERU Nairobi NSC CEWERU Head District Security Committee Bute Rhamu Mandera Provisional Security Committee North Eastern Province District Commissioners PC North Eastern Issues Stock theft Resource sharing especially on water and pastures Rape and defilements Proliferations of SALW Cross border trade Recommendations Formulate joint modalities for both countries Prior notification and seek permission from the local communities on pastoralist movement and migration. -traditional grazing norms be respected and government to support it Rapists be arrested and prosecuted Information sharing, joint community gun surrender on SALW illicit guns Establishment of customs and immigrations office at border points e.g. Gurar qadaduma Modalities of improving cross-border engagement are; 1. Establishment of joint cross-border peace /CEWERU structures 2. Capacity building for peace structures 3. Frequent meetings for joint cross-borders peace committees 24

25 4. Development and establishment of TOR for cross-border peace structures 5. Frequent meetings at local levels on monthly basis Cross-border Issues Movement of pastoralist ;thus displacement of citizens Rape and defilement of girls and women Stock theft Illegal cross border trade Resource based conflict River Dawa, boats systems,water and pastures Foreign incursion in to Kenya and Ethiopia. Arrest of foreigners Torture and harassments Poaching Proliferations of illicit SALW 4.0. Recommendations and Way forward During the plenary session, the participants were taken through a substantive discursive and brainstorming sessions to identify the probable measures to be undertaken within a time-frame of 3-6months. This was in consideration of the pledged support by the Heads of Delegations. Various recommendations were agreed upon as action points by the communities of the two countries; in consultation with the government and other relevant stakeholders. Prioritization of action points was based on the group exercise which projected; 1. Resourced based conflict 29 scores 2. Cross border incursions (OLF) 26 scores 3. Revenge/counter revenge 19 scores 4. Illiteracy 19 scores 5. Proliferation of SALW 11 scores 6. Social fabric breakdown, rape and defilement 9 scores 7. Poverty 5 scores 8. Stock theft 0 Against this exercise, the following deliberations were reached; 25

26 1. That there is need to strengthen the existing cross-border peace/ CEWERU structures for enhanced dialogues and problem solving; 2. That there is need to initiate cross-border peace structures in areas where none existed; 3. That there is need to enhance and capacity build the constituted structures by: a) Developing the terms of reference for the cross-border peace committees and clearly define composition, roles and responsibilities; b) Tailor made training on peace-building and conflict management, c) Provision of resources for operationalisation of TOR and peace structures. 4. That there is need for coordinated follow up meetings on community civic dialogue meetings along the cross-border conflict hot spots. 5. That the engagement should be held at national level and cascade to the grassroots levels for coordinated and harmonized approaches. 6. That there be commitment starting from individual participant/elders leaders to political leaders and administrators; 7. That there be commitment and support of the government from both sides in implementation of the cross-border framework. 8. That there be the engagement of women, youth, elders and other stakeholders at various levels on peace building and conflict early warning and response; 26

27 9. That the criteria for selection be honesty, integrity and acceptance by general public for these in the cross border committees. 10. That there be review, harmonization and adoption of Modogashe, Dukana and Maikona Peace Declarations and thus build on the best practices. 11. That there is need for investment in the education systems to curb illiteracy and foster attitudinal and change on cultural beliefs and practices. 12. That there is consideration of community actors through the peace rewards and dividends at the community level. 13. That there is need for investment in concrete development across the border to deal with underlying issues driving conflicts. 14. That there is strengthening of traditional mechanisms of dispute resolution at the community level. Score sheet on areas of priority 4.1.Action Plan Objective Main Activity Responsible Actors Cross-border Provision of resources and capacity CEWERU Ceweru/Peace Structures building trainings Heads and Time Frame 3-6 months 27

28 Strengthened Development of TOR Holding cross border meetings Enhanced cross-border engagement Engagement of women and youth across the borders Revitalizing existing cross border community peace initiatives and structures Meetings with grassroots community and traditional structures Linking the process to ongoing initiatives like Members of Parliament Forum in Naivasha and other Pastoralist Forums Dissemination of the Workshop report Initiate a process to engage women and youths alongside the elders Strengthening Maikona/Dukanapeace initiatives Engaging with traditional leadership other actors CEWERU Heads and other actors CEWERU Heads and other actors CEWERU Heads and other actors 3-6 months 3-6 months 3-6 months 28

29 5.0. Annexes Opening Statements by Ministers Opening Speech by Hon. Mohamed Ibrahim Elmi, MP, and Minister of State for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands, Republic of Kenya. On behalf of the Government of Kenya, I extend warm greetings to friends from our sister state of Ethiopia who have welcomed us to this meeting. In particular, I acknowledge the presence of the Minister of Federal Affairs, Dr. Shiferaw Tekle- Mariam, and his officials. On behalf of the Kenya delegation, I thank you all. Close cooperation between our two Governments is critical to ensuring peace and security in these border areas. I note with gratitude the commitment demonstrated in this regard by the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and I assure you of an equal determination on our part to match it. My Ministry covers a part of Kenya which suffers greatly from insecurity. I believe that peace and security are fundamental to the development and prosperity of this region. Cross-border meetings like these are a critical part of building and sustaining that peace, and they have my full support. As I said a few months ago in a peace meeting in Maikona, I am working with my colleagues in Government on a strategy to end inter-communal violence in pastoral areas of Northern Kenya. This will address all four of the following elements. The first is that the state fulfils its basic duty to protect its citizens. The second is that all politicians spearhead the search for peace. The third is that communities change the attitudes, practices and beliefs which perpetuate violence. And the fourth is that we put in place a comprehensive regional policy to facilitate collaboration and coordination between neighbouring states. I am therefore very happy that this meeting is taking place and will contribute towards that process. We are in the final stages of developing this strategy, and I will briefly mention some of the new approaches we intend to try. First, we are investigating how we can use different kinds of incentives to reward those who play a constructive role in peace-building, whether they be communities, political leaders or government officers. This will be matched by an element of sanctions or penalties, particularly on political leaders who continue to aggravate violence. 29

30 Second, we are designing the strategy around the various clusters of conflict, which often cut across the boundaries of our districts and provinces. These clusters will more accurately mirror the dynamics of the conflict systems in each area and allow us to implement a more coordinated response. Third, we are considering a sustained three-year national peace campaign, similar to campaigns against other social threats such as HIV/AIDS or female genital mutilation. The campaign will challenge the cultural values within communities that generate and sustain conflict, as well as general attitudes towards pastoral conflict in Kenya. There is a view that conflict is somehow traditional in pastoral societies, which in my view only serves to normalise it and undermines the seriousness with which it should be treated by the justice system. From the perspective of the Government of Kenya, there are already examples of our security forces working constructively with elders and political leaders to ensure peace. We need to go further, by placing more emphasis on prevention and community-led intelligence, and by strengthening the positive role and presence of Government in this region. I will also be promoting the use of conflict-sensitive approaches to development in my own Ministry and in others. I look forward to discussing how we might take forward this strategy in partnership with our Ethiopian colleagues. We are determined to play our full part in the search for a shared peace. I would like to take this opportunity to assure you of the Government of Kenya s commitment to work with you, and with all our neighbours, to bring about that goal. In closing, I would like to acknowledge the hard work of the IGAD-CEWARN unit, and from the Kenya side the National Steering Committee on peace building and Conflict Management, which has organised this event. I thank our hosts here in Moyale. And I appreciate the support and goodwill of the many other individuals who have helped bring us here today. As politicians, administrators, and communities, we have a shared responsibility to resolve the conflicts which for far too long have brought grief and poverty to all our peoples. Let us use our time together wisely, and endeavor to build on the conclusions of this gathering as we search for lasting peace. Thank you. 30

31 Official Opening Statement by Honorable Shiferaw Teklemariam. Minister for Federal Affairs, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and Head of the Ethiopian Delegation. Your Excellency Honourable Mohammed Ibrahim Elmi, Minister of State for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands, The Ethiopian Special Envoy to IGAD, Ambassador Brook Debebe, The Acting Director of CEWARN, Mr. Raymond Kitevu, Honorable Members of Parliament, Distinguished Members of the Kenya and Ethiopia CEWERUs, Invited Guests and Esteemed Participants Ladies and gentlemen, From the outset on behalf of my government and that of my own, I would like to welcome you all to Moyale town for the first Somali cluster cross border meeting organized by CEWARN, CEWERU s of Kenya and Ethiopia, and Enhanced Livelihood for Mandera Triangle (ELMT/RELPA). As you are well aware, IGAD member states established the CEWARN mechanism with the objective to create a functional, effective and sustainable sub-regional framework that will undertake conflict early warning and response and foster cooperation among the member states of IGAD and relevant stakeholders to inform and enhance peaceful settlement of disputes and respond to potential or actual violent conflicts in the IGAD region. Following the ratification of the CEWARN protocol in 2003 by member states, there has been a concerted effort to create and gradually strengthen the early warning and response components of the CEWARN mechanism in the whole region. On our part the Ethiopian CEWERU (Conflict Early Warning and Response Unit) structures established at National, Regional/Woreda and Local levels as structures of the CEWARN mechanism have been trying to address issues that our pastoralist communities are struggling with in their daily lives.. Recently, a number of efforts have been made to enhance the capacity of the Ethiopian CEWERU. Among these efforts has been the development and endorsement of an operational guideline that defines the roles and responsibilities of the various CEWERU structures as well as spells out the response process and potential schemes for resource utilization. The CEWERU has undertaken a sensitization program in order to inform the different CEWERU components on the objectives, duties and responsibilities of each 31

32 organ. Alongside this project, there has been a local peace committee revitalization program in the Somali cluster. This has included the reinforcement of previously established peace committees and the creation of new peace committees at the Kebele level. Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen, These efforts of the various structures at local levels can only succeed if supported and coordinated with counterparts on the other side of the border. This is done through first mobilizing and revitalizing the institutions and their efforts at local level peace structures and then creates cross border linkages in order to foster region wide peace initiatives. Keeping this in mind, the Ethiopian CEWERU in coordination with the CEWARN office has drafted a document on cross border modalities. This followed with inputs from the CEWARN unit and corresponding CEWERUs of member states in order for a cross border framework and sub regional council for each cluster as indicated in the CEWARN protocol for effective early warning and response framework. Hence, this meeting, in our view should be able to create such cross border linkages between the different institutions working in the Somali cluster. This would definitely increase the ability to sustain solutions for the purpose of peace and would ensure the active participation of the local communities in peace efforts. We also believe that in this meeting the success stories of Dukana and Maikona peace meetings would be presented to us so that we can take forward with us points that underscore the spirit of peaceful endeavors. We all should bear in mind that resources are scarce not only to our pastoralists; our governments also suffer from shortage of resources that handicap our efforts. Our joint and coordinated effort would help us address those shortcomings partially. I hope this meeting will attain its objectives and result in concrete steps for establishing a viable and effective cross border framework, and establish a sub regional council for the Somali cluster. I should thank all those who have contributed for organizing this very important meeting. But most of all I should thank the two regional administrations, the Oromia and the Somali regional states, CEWARN and its acting Director and ELMT/RELPA. While wishing a wonderful stay to our brothers from Kenya, I wish you very fruitful deliberations. 32

33 5.2 PROGRAM Day One Monday 2 nd November, 2009 In-Country Consultations A. Kenya TIME SESSION FACILITATOR 8:30-9:30am Registration of Participants Climate Setting; CEWERU Team Introduction Expectations Objectives & outcomes of the Forum 9:30-10:00am Welcome Remarks and Opening Statements: CEWERU Head- Kenya Provincial Commissioners (Eastern/North Eastern) Members of Parliament Minister of State for the Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid Lands HEALTH BREAK 10:30-11:00am 11:00-11:30am Overview of the Process Facilitator 11:30am-1:00pm Overview of the X-Border & In Country Initiatives Facilitator Maikona, Modogashe/Garissa Declaration etc) Snr Area Deputy Provincial Commissioner-Upper Eastern 1:00-2:00pm LUNCH BREAK 2:00pm-4:30pm Provincial & In-Country Consultations Provincial Commissioners(EP & NEP) 4:30-5:00pm HEALTH BREAK AND END OF DAY B. Ethiopia TIME SESSION FACILITATOR 8:30-9:30am Registration of Participants Climate Setting; CEWERU Team Introduction Expectations Objectives & outcomes of the Forum 9:30-10:00am Welcome Remarks and Opening Statements: CEWERU team CEWERU Head- Ethiopia Oromiya and Somali Regional states delegation Heads Community Leaders Minster of Federal Affairs 10:30-11:00am HEALTH BREAK 11:00-11:30am Overview of the Process Facilitator 11:30am-1:00pm Presentation of the Woreda Level PC revitalization CEWERU team process and formation of Kebele level Peace committees 1:00-2:00pm LUNCH BREAK 2:00pm-4:30pm Brainstorming on Expected outcomes Facilitator 4:30-5:00pm HEALTH BREAK AND END OF DAY Day Two: Tuesday 3rd November, :30-9:00am Registration of Participants CEWARN Team 33