1. Everybody should have the right to make as much money as they can Strongly agree Sort of agree Strongly disagree

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1 Name Class Date Objective: Do Now: Below is a poll. Each question relates to the differences that America had with the Soviet Union after World War II. Read each statement below, and circle the number that expresses how well you agree with each statement. 1. Everybody should have the right to make as much money as they can Strongly agree Sort of agree Strongly disagree 2. A country should always make sure that its citizens have enough money to live Strongly agree Sort of agree Strongly disagree 3. A country should always make sure that everybody gets paid equally Strongly agree Sort of agree Strongly disagree 4. It s OK for a country to commit violence if its citizens will be treated more equally as a result Strongly agree Sort of agree Strongly disagree 5. Being paid a fair amount is more important than having freedom to express yourself Strongly agree Sort of agree Strongly disagree

2 Historical Context: At the end of World War II, two countries controlled the continent of Europe. In the west were American soldiers, in the East were soldiers from the Communist Russia (The Soviet Union). Each side installed different kinds of governments in the areas they controlled. The Soviet Union installed governments that were Communist, and mostly un-democratic. America installed governments that were capitalist and democratic. Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of social studies, answer the questions that follow each document. Document 1: What is Communism? Communism is a way of organizing a country s economy. Under Communism, individual people do not own property. Instead, everybody owns all property in a country. Everybody in a country gets paid equal amounts of money, no matter what their jobs are. Communism is different than capitalism, where individual people are free to accumulate as much property as they want. Under capitalism, people are paid different amounts for different jobs. Communism does not necessarily force people to give up democracy, or the right to choose their political leaders. Historically, though, most countries that have been Communist have not allowed their citizens to vote Source: An Adolescent s Political Reader Based on this document, list at least two differences between Communism and capitalism. 2. Are Communist countries typically democracies? Explain. 3. Is the United States a Communist or a capitalist country? Explain.

3 Document 2: 1. What is the only country shown on this map that was divided by the Iron Curtain? 2. The countries in the west of Europe are mostly allies of this country 3. The countries in the east of Europe are mostly allies of this country 4. According to this document, what was the only major country in Europe that was neither a communist nor a capitalist ally? 5. List at least four Capitalist countries during the Cold War. 6. List at least four Communist countries during the Cold War.

4 Document 3: The Ruthlessness of Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin was a Communist who took over the government of Russia (the Soviet Union) in He was a ruthless leader who killed anybody who disagreed with him. Between 1934 and 1938, he killed and imprisoned millions of soldiers, teachers, and other enemies of the people. It is estimated that he killed more than 20 million people during his time as the Soviet leader far more than Adolf Hitler. When Stalin was asked about his ruthless killings, he brushed it off. He said A single death is a tragedy. A million deaths is a statistic. During World War II, Stalin s Soviet Union was allied with Britain and the United States but not by design. In 1939, Stalin had signed an agreement with Adolf Hitler. The treaty promised that neither Germany nor the Soviet Union would attack each other. Hitler broke the treaty in 1941, and invaded Russia. After that, the Soviet Union became a member of the Allies, with Britain and the United States. Stalin s Soviet Army took most of Eastern Europe from the Nazis during World War II. Stalin promised that he would allow these countries to vote democratically. But after the war, Stalin refused to let citizens of these countries vote for their leaders. Instead, Stalin forced these countries to live under Communist governments. Copyright According to this document, why did Stalin go to war with Hitler s Nazi Germany? 2. Based on this document, list two reasons that the United States might not have trusted Joseph Stalin. 3. According to this document, what did Stalin do to people who disagreed with him? 4. What was Stalin s famous quote about the murder of millions of people?

5 Document 4: The following is from a speech given by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in A shadow has fallen upon the scene of the Allied victory [over the Nazis]. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist organization intend to do in the immediate future. Nobody knows if there are any limits on to their desire to expand. But, from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across Europe. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to increasing measure of control from Communist Russia. 1. What problem did Churchill see with Soviet Russia? 2. Based on this document, list at least four cities that were behind the Iron Curtain. 3. What did it mean if a country was behind the Iron Curtain? 4. What does this document show about the level of trust America and Britain had for the Soviet Union after World War II?

6 Class Notes: 1. After World War II, the parts of Europe that were controlled by the Nazi Germany were taken over by: A. B. 2. Another name for Russia at the time was the, because. 3. The Soviet Union was. 4. Communism is a way of organizing a country s economic system where: A. B. C. 5. The United States is, which means: A. B. 6. The United States and its allies feared that. 7. In 1948, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill gave a speech where he said that countries that were Communist were behind an. 8.) Even though there were tensions between nations after WWII countries created the to work towards peace throughout the world.

7 Name: Date: Exit Quiz Week 34 Day 1 1.) Which organization was created after World War II to maintain peace throughout the world? 2.) What is the difference between Communism and Capitalism? 3.) What did Winston Churchill mean when he said countries were behind an Iron Curtain? 4.) How did Stalin treat his people?

8 8th grade Syllabus Completed Assignment Day 1 Complete Final draft of your Thank you letter Day 2 Read Howard Zinn packet on WWII and write a four paragraph summary, due day 4. Day 3 Read Howard Zinn packet on WWII and write a four paragraph summary, due day 4. Day 4 Complete your timeline project.

9 Name: Date: Objective: Do Now: Review Questions 1.) What was the Cold War? 2.) Who created the statement the Iron Curtain? 3.) Who was president at the end of WWII? 4.) What were the effects of the atomic bomb? 5.) What were the names of the Japanese cities where the atomic bomb was dropped? The Korean War: Class Notes The 38 th Parallel: Arms Race: Bomb Shelter:

10 Directions: Read and annotate the following passage about the Korean War. Background: The Korean peninsula is strategically located in between Russia, China, and Japan in East Asia. For centuries, these three nations fought for control of the area, which has become a crucial territory to control trade and defense in the region. In the early 20 th Century, Korea was annexed by Japan and turned into a Japanese colony. During this time, the Japanese established a policy that attempted to erase Korean identity. Koreans were not allowed to speak their language and practice their customs. All were forced to adopt Japanese names and culture. This ended at the end of World War II when Japan was defeated. The Allies who had defeated Japan agreed to divide Korea along the 38 th Parallel, with the United States occupying the south and the Soviet Union occupying the north. This was the beginning of the Cold War, and both nations built support in countries like Korea all over the world. Both established governments based on their national ideology, with South Korea becoming a capitalist democracy and North Korea becoming a Communist state. Both the United States and the Soviet Union withdrew from Korea a few years after World War II, leaving a tense situation on the Peninsula. Both nations believed that they were the rightful government of the Korean people, and both prepared for war. 1.) What were three things that happened to Korea after WWII? How was the United States and the Soviet Union involved?

11 On June , North Korean troops, armed with Russian equipment, crossed the 38 th Parallel into South Korea, igniting the Korean War. The United States rushed to help the South Koreans, and with the help of the UN Security Council, they pushed the North Koreans back to the Chinese border. China, another Communist country, sent over a million soldiers to help their North Korean allies. The Chinese pushed the UN and US forces to the 38 th Parallel, where they fought for another two years. Finally, in 1953, an armistice, or temporary peace, was signed, and the Korean War ended in a tense truce. 54,000 Americans were killed, as well as over a million Chinese soldiers and 2-3 million Koreans. 2.) Why did the Korean War start? What were its effects? North and South Korea remained on the brink of war ever since the end of the Korean War. Both recovered from the destruction and rebuilt themselves. However, North Korea faced a crisis when tension grew between her two allies, China and the Soviet Union. Instead of taking sides, like most Communist nations did, North Korea chose to remain independent, adopting Premier Kim Il-Sung s idea of Juche, or self-reliance. This idea combined Communism, Confucianism, and Korean cultural ideas. It said North Korea and Koreans in general should be independent of the world and fight for themselves. Because of this idea, North Korea cut a lot of their ties with China and the Soviet Union. And as the Soviet Union collapsed in the 1990s and China reformed itself in the 1980s, North Korea remained isolated but in tact. Today it is the only Communist nation to survive the Cold War. 3.) How did the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States affect other places? What were the lasting effects of the Korean War?

12 Today: Tension existed for many years between both Koreas, as both established a heavily armed border along the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). North Korean troops occupied the northern side, while South Korean and US soldiers patrol the southern side. It is still the most heavily armed border in the world, with over two million soldiers and miles of land mines and traps. Ever since the end of the Cold War, North Korea felt extremely isolated and threatened by the United States. North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons since the early 1990s, but they really kicked in their program when US President George W. Bush threatened North Korea during his Axis of Evil speech. By 2006, North Korea successfully completed its nuclear weapons program. Because of the heavy spending on defense (North Korea has the 5 th largest army in the world even though it only has about million people), large scale famines have swept through the country. Every year, millions of people starve to death and suffer because of malnutrition because of the lack of resources. Current North Korean Premier Kim Jong-Il says it is a necessary sacrifice because of the direct threat of the US. Kim Jong-Il and the government are worshipped by the North Korea people as gods, and usually are willing to make such sacrifices. However, there are certain people who try to escape North Korea, and every year thousands of refugees risk their lives trying to escape to friendly countries. If these refugees are returned to North Korea, they are usually executed for treason. 4.) How did the Korean war effect the United Sates today? What are some of the problems Korea faces today?

13 Name: Date: Objective: Exit Quiz 1. Which generalization about the Korean War is supported by information on the maps? 1. The war began when South Korea attacked North Korea. 2. General MacArthur launched an invasion from China early in the war. 3. Neither side experienced a major military victory during the war. 4. At the end of the war, Korea remained a divided nation.

14 2. Which conclusion can best be drawn from the United States involvement in the Korean War? a. The Cold War extended beyond direct conflict with the Soviet Union. b. Popular wars have assured the reelection of incumbent presidents. c. War is the best way to support developing nations. d. The threat of nuclear war is necessary to settle a military conflict. 3. What was a major outcome of the Korean War ( )? a.)korea continued to be a divided nation. b.) North Korea became an ally of the United States. c.)south Korea became a communist nation. d.)control of Korea was turned over to the United Nations. 4.) How did the Korean War affect Korea today?

15 Name: Date: Objective: Do Now: Review Questions 1.) What was the Cold War? Which countries were involved? 2.) What happened during the Korean War? Why did it start? 3.) What were the effects of the Korean War? Vocabulary and Key Terms: 1. Joseph McCarthy: 2. McCarthyism: 3. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg: Notes:

16 Class Assignment: Directions Read pages in your textbook and start with the heading A New Red Scare answer the following comprehension questions 1.) What happened to people in the United States who were thought to be communist? 2.) Who was senator McCarthy and what did he do in the Senate? 3.) Do you agree with the work of McCarthy why or why not? Primary Source Analysis: Judge Kaufman's Statement at the Rosenberg s Sentencing: Citizens of this country who betray their fellow-countrymen can be under none of the delusions about the benignity of Soviet power that they might have been prior to World War II. The nature of Russian terrorism is now self-evident. Idealism as a rational dissolves... I consider your crime worse than murder. Plain deliberate contemplated murder is dwarfed in magnitude by comparison with the crime you have committed. In committing the act of murder, the criminal kills only his victim. The immediate family is brought to grief and when justice is meted out the chapter is closed. But in your case, I believe your conduct in putting into the hands of the Russians the A-bomb years before our best scientists predicted Russia would perfect the bomb has already caused, in my opinion, the Communist aggression in Korea, with the resultant casualties exceeding 50,000 and who knows but that millions more of innocent people may pay the price of your treason. Indeed, by your betrayal you undoubtedly have altered the course of history to the disadvantage of our country. No one can say that we do not live in a constant state of tension. We have evidence of your treachery all around us every day--for the civilian defense activities throughout the nation are aimed at preparing us for an atom bomb attack. Nor can it be said in mitigation of the offense that the power which set the conspiracy in motion and profited from it was not openly hostile to the United States at the time of the conspiracy. If this was your excuse the error of your ways in setting yourselves above our properly constituted authorities and

17 the decision of those authorities not to share the information with Russia must now be obvious... In the light of this, I can only conclude that the defendants entered into this most serious conspiracy against their country with full realization of its implications... The statute of which the defendants at the bar stand convicted is clear. I have previously stated my view that the verdict of guilty was amply justified by the evidence. In the light of the circumstances, I feel that I must pass such sentence upon the principals in this diabolical conspiracy to destroy a Godfearing nation, which will demonstrate with finality that this nation's security must remain inviolate; that traffic in military secrets, whether promoted by slavish devotion to a foreign ideology or by a desire for monetary gains must cease. The evidence indicated quite clearly that Julius Rosenberg was the prime mover in this conspiracy. However, let no mistake be made about the role which his wife, Ethel Rosenberg, played in this conspiracy. Instead of deterring him from pursuing his ignoble cause, she encouraged and assisted the cause. She was a mature woman--almost three years older than her husband and almost seven years older than her younger brother. She was a full-fledged partner in this crime. Indeed the defendants Julius and Ethel Rosenberg placed their devotion to their cause above their own personal safety and were conscious that they were sacrificing their own children, should their misdeeds be detected--all of which did not deter them from pursuing their course. Love for their cause dominated their lives--it was even greater than their love for their children." Questions: 1. What crime were the Rosenberg s being accused of: 2. The Soviet s had what type of government: 3. Why does the Judge think that what the Rosenberg s did was worse than murder: 4. How many people does Judge Kaufman think died because of the Rosenbergs:

18 5. What has made the Judge so confident that they are guilty: 6. Who does the Judge think the main mover and shaker in this case was: 7. What role did Ethel Rosenberg have: 8. What is the Judge s final argument- who was hurt by the Rosenberg s actions: Read Pages in your textbook and fill in the chart below Event Arms Race How it Affected Americans Bomb Shelters

19 Name: Date: Exit Quiz 1.) Who was Senator McCarthy and what was his role in the U.S. government? 2.) Why was the Rosenberg trial significant? 3.) What was the arms race? 4.) What were bomb shelters and how did they affect American life?

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21 Timeline : Cold War Timeline Student Names: CATEGORY Title The timeline has a creative title that The timeline has an effective title that The timeline has a title that is easy to The title is missing or difficult to locate. accurately describes the material and is easy to locate. accurately describes locate. the material and is easy to locate. Important People The timeline includes important peoples and their contribution to the event. The timeline includes important people and minimal contributions to the event. The timeline includes people, but does not include their contributions to the event. There are no people mentioned in the Timeline or they are inaccurate. Important Places The timeline includes important places and their contribution to the event. The timeline includes important places and minimal contributions to the event. The timeline includes places, but does not include their contributions to the event. There are no place mentioned in the Timeline or they are inaccurate. Dates An accurate, complete date has been included for each event. An accurate, complete date has been included for almost every event. An accurate date has been included for almost every event. Dates are inaccurate and/or missing for several events. Content/Facts Facts were accurate Facts were accurate for all events reported for almost all events on the timeline. reported on the timeline. Facts were accurate for most (~75%) of the events reported on the timeline. Facts were often inaccurate for events reported on the timeline. Graphics and maps All graphics and maps All graphics and are effective and maps are effective, balanced with text but there appear to use. be too few or too many. Some graphics or maps are effective and their use is balanced with text use. Several graphics or maps are not effective. Power There is a clear explanation of how this event helped either the US or the USSR gain power There is a somewhat clear explanation of how this event helped either the US or the USSR gain power There is a somewhat clear explanation of how this event helped either the US or the USSR gain power; however it is not complete. There is no clear explanation of how this event helped either the US or the USSR gain power

22 The Timeline Project Your Mission: Create a Cold War timeline! Due Date: Monday at the beginning of class (NO LATE WORK) Purpose: To help you learn about and remember events during the Cold War Steps to Take: 1. Get yourself a piece of paper 2. Read about your event using the description packet 3. Figure out the MOST important parts of those events What is the event called? What year did it happen? Who was involved? Why did it start? How did it end? 4. Write down your description of the events (3-5 sentences) on a piece of paper and edit it to make it perfect! 5. Write down which country gained power or if nobody gained power and WHY 6. Create your timeline on a sheet of paper (please make it colorful) 7. Copy down your description of the major events 8. Make sure everything is neat and error-free 9. Turn it in on time! What your timeline must have: 1. A title 2. Description of important people 3. Description of important places 4. Dates of events 5. Why the event happened 6. How the events ended 7. Graphics (drawings/pictures) or maps (2-3) 8. Description of power Everything that you write on the poster should be in your words! No Coping!

23 Timeline of the Major Events of the Cold War 1945: The End of World War II The Cold War began after the end of World War II. The Cold War began not from one isolated event, but from the different ideologies and interests between the Soviet Union and the United States : The Berlin Blockade The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. After WWII the German City of Berlin was divided into four sections. Each Allied Power would be responsible for rebuilding their section. During this time the Soviet Union blocked the other three Western powers' railroad and street access their sector of Berlin. By blocking the transportation of the city their aim was to force the western powers to allow the Soviet controlled regions to start supplying Berlin with food and fuel, thereby giving them complete control over the entire city. In response, the Western Allies formed the Berlin Airlift to supply the city with supplies using planes. While many thought this would never work, the airlift to supplied the thousands of tons of supplies to the Berlin. The airlift was succeeding, which was humiliating to the Soviets, who had repeatedly claimed it could never possibly work. The Soviets were forced to lift the Blockade The Rosenberg Trial Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Theirs was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history. This trial and the appropriateness of their sentence have been the subject of continued debate since their arrest and trial. While independent corroboration has revealed that Julius Rosenberg did pass information to the Soviets, there is little evidence that his wife Ethel, also executed, participated in espionage. Information released after the Cold War confirmed that Julius acted as a courier and recruiter for the Soviets. However, the other spies that were caught were not executed Senator Joseph McCarthy, McCarthyism, and The Witch Hunt McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. During this time there were increased fears about communist influence on American institutions and espionage by Soviet agents. Originally coined to criticize the actions of U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, "McCarthyism" later took on a more general meaning, not necessarily referring to the conduct of Joseph McCarthy alone.

24 During this time many thousands of Americans were accused of being Communists or communist sympathizers and became the subject of aggressive investigations and questioning before government or private-industry panels, committees and agencies. The primary targets of such suspicions were government employees, those in the entertainment industry, educators and union activists. Suspicions were often given credence despite inconclusive or questionable evidence, and the level of threat posed by a person's real or supposed leftist associations or beliefs was often greatly exaggerated. Many people suffered loss of employment, destruction of their careers, and even imprisonment. Most of these punishments came about through trial verdicts later overturned, laws that would be declared unconstitutional, dismissals for reasons later declared illegal or actionable, or extra-legal procedures that would come into general disrepute. The most famous examples of McCarthyism include the Hollywood blacklist and the investigations and hearings conducted by Joseph McCarthy. It was a widespread social and cultural phenomenon that affected all levels of society and was the source of a great deal of debate and conflict in the United States The Korean War In the Korean War a U.S.-dominated United Nations coalition came to the aid of South Korea in responding to an invasion by North Korea, which was aided by the USSR and allied with Communist China; the war ended in a military stalemate and the restoration of the political status quo. Concurrently, the United States was assuming increasing leadership of the Western nations against what were perceived as the expansionist intentions of its former ally, the USSR. As this cold war heated up, it brought the United States into a military confrontation with Communist forces in Korea The Vietnam Conflict In the Vietnam War the United States against the Vietnamese Communists. After a long conflict the Communist victory in 1975 had profound ramifications for the United States; it was not only a setback to the containment of communism in Asia but a shock to American self-confidence Fidel Castro as the Communist Leader of Cuba Castro then came into power on January 1, Castro wanted to have radical reform. He nationalized the industry and commerce, and then proceeded to pass far-reaching land reforms. The relationship between the U.S government and the Cuban government became strained because of Castro s nationalization of all agriculture and business, and therefore forcing U.S. agricultural and business estates out of Cuba. Castro also kept an anti- American rhetoric going throughout Cuba. He then proceeded to ally and trade with the Soviet Union, thus breeding more mistrust with the U.S The Bay of Pigs In April 1961, the United States attempted to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro. On the 17th of April about 1,300 exiles armed with United States weapons landed at Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the southern coast of Cuba. They hoped to gain support from the

25 local populations, cross the island to Havana, and overthrow Castro. However, they were quickly defeated by Castro's army. It was a major embarrassment to the U.S The Cuban Missile Crisis According to Nikita Khrushchev's memoirs, in May 1962 he conceived the idea of placing intermediate range missiles in Cuba as a means of countering an emerging lead of the United States in developing and deploying missiles. He also presented the scheme as a means of protecting Cuba from another United States sponsored invasion, such as the failed attempt at the Bay of Pigs in With Castro's approval, the Soviet Union began building secret missile bases in Cuba. On October 16, President Kennedy was shown photographs of the missile installations in Cuba. On October 22, President Kennedy responded by televising an address stating the discovery of the weapons and that any attack coming from Cuba would be treated as an attack from the Soviet Union and would be treated accordingly. In addition, he imposed a naval blockade of Cuba to stop the construction of the sites. On October 26, Khrushchev sent a letter to Kennedy suggesting that the sites would be dismantled if the United States gave its reassurance that it would not invade Cuba. Following on October 28, Khrushchev announced that the sites would be dismantled; as well as, the removal of light bombers. The United States agreed on the terms The Afghan War The Soviet War in Afghanistan (also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan) was a nine-year conflict involving Soviet Union forces supporting the Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) government against the Islamist mujahideen resistance. The latter group found support from a variety of sources including the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and other Muslim nations in the context of the Cold War Fall of the Berlin Wall In the year 1989 the Berlin wall that had separated East and West Berlin fell. This was one of the first steps in the fall of the U.S.S.R Fall of the Soviet Union In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism. The United States rejoiced as its formidable enemy was brought to its knees, thereby ending the Cold War which had hovered over these two superpowers since the end of World War II.

26 Name: Date: Exit Quiz 1.) What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? 2.) What happened during the Bay of Pigs Invasion? 3.) How were the Vietnam and Korean War similar? 4.) Which event led to the fall of the Soviet Union and ended the Cold War?

27 Name: Date: Objective: Do Now: Review Quiz Why was the United Nations created? a. To form alliances to help prevent future international conflicts b. To prevent the United States from gaining too much power c. To put Adolph Hitler on trial d. To create an organization aimed at paying for the damage done during WWII Why did tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States worsen after WWII? a. The Soviet Union refused to help pay for the damage in Europe b. The United States did not want Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference c. The Soviet Union began forming satellite states under complete Soviet control d. The Soviet Union attacked Great Britain How did the arms race increase tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union? a. They both tried gain more territory than the other b. They both wanted to decrease military spending c. They both wanted to build more and more powerful weapons d. They both wanted to do away with potentially dangerous weapons What was McCarthyism? a. Making accusations without any proof b. Convicting the right people of crime c. Accusing members of the government of being against communism d. A huge scandal that affected the Supreme Court Justices What event started the Korean War? a. The United States invaded Soviet controlled North Korea b. North and South Korea joined forces to invade China c. The Soviet Union invaded Japan d. Soviet Union controlled North Korea stormed across the 38 th parallel and invaded United States controlled South Korea What was the end result of the Korean War? a. North Korea surrendered to the South Koreans b. South Korea surrendered to the Soviet Union c. Korea was once again divided at the 38 th parallel d. The Korea War is still being fought today

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