A BRIEF AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS WEISSKOPF. from the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF DISSENTING ECONOMISTS. (Edward Elgar, 1999)

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1 A BRIEF AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS WEISSKOPF from the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF DISSENTING ECONOMISTS (Edward Elgar, 1999) I was born in 1940 in the United States to immigrant Viennese-Jewish and Danish-Lutheran parents. I was raised in the environs of Boston, Massachusetts, and studied at Harvard University (where I earned a B.A. in Economics in 1961) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (where I earned a Ph.D. in Economics in 1966). Although I concentrated initially on mathematics and physics, my interests as an undergraduate student soon shifted to the social sciences in general, and to Third World economic development in particular. Following my graduation from Harvard in 1961, I took advantage of an opportunity to spend a year at the Indian Statistical Institute (in Calcutta) as a teacher of economics to undergraduate students from all over India. During this year I acquainted myself directly with problems of Indian economic development and developed a particular interest in techniques of economic planning. Returning from India to begin my graduate studies at M.I.T., I sought to master the analytical tools of the discipline of economics as taught by such prominent mainstream North American economists as Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow. Not yet a dissenter in any fundamental respect, my primary objective was to learn how to apply quantitative economic methods to problems of Third World economic development. After spending another year in India in , this time on a doctoral research fellowship at the New Delhi branch of the Indian Statistical Institute, I completed my Ph.D. dissertation on "A Programming Model for Import Substitution in India" in More interested at first in working in the "real world" than in academia, I was intending to accept an offer to join the staff of the United States Agency for International Development in New Delhi as a research economist. Just before this assignment was about to begin, however, I decided to turn down the offer -- in order to disassociate myself from the U.S. Government, which had by then escalated its involvement in Vietnam into a full-fledged war against the South Vietnamese National Liberation Front and their North Vietnamese allies. As it turned out, I was nonetheless able to work in India for the next two years; after my rejection of the USAID job, I was offered a two-year visiting professorship at the New Delhi branch of the Indian Statistical Institute. From 1966 to 1968 I worked at the Institute, teaching in its graduate economics program and carrying out research on problems of Indian national economic planning and on the operation of the irrigation and power system associated with the massive North Indian Bhakra-Nangal dam. It was during this two-year stay in India that I began to nurture serious doubts about the relevance of mainstream economics to the issues with which he was most concerned. Committed to the vision of a "socialistic pattern of society" that Jawaharlal Nehru had articulated for independent India, and believing in

2 the constructive role that a technically skilled economist could play in the achieving of that vision, I became increasingly disillusioned by the way in which the best of economic ideas and advice could be frustrated and rendered irrelevant by the structure of real power and influence in a society. This led me to look for a more broad-ranging political-economic approach to understanding problems of economic development, as an alternative to the relatively narrow training I had received in mainstream economics. For the first time I began to acquaint myself with the work of Karl Marx and such contemporary dissident economists as Michal Kalecki, Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy, as well as numerous Indian nationalist and Marxist social scientists. Returning to the United States in 1968 to take up an apppointment as assistant professor at Harvard University, I found that my evolving views on politics and economics were completely in harmony with those of a growing number of young North American economists associated with the "New Left" movement of the time. Joining my friend and colleague Samuel Bowles, as well as numerous dissenting Harvard economics graduate students, I participated in an informal seminar in "radical political economy," whose primary purpose was to develop a new undergraduate course in the social sciences that would provide a radical alternative to the standard fare of economics courses. The seminar participants offered this course (collectively) for the first time in 1969, under the title "The Capitalist Economy: Conflict and Power." In Fall 1968 I joined a group of like-minded young economists -- most of them from Harvard, M.I.T. and the University of Michigan -- in founding the Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE). URPE was designed to provide an institutional foundation for the development of a dissident form of economics in North America -- one which would challenge, from a broadly-defined Marxian perspective, the contemporary orthodoxy in the discipline of economics as well as the capitalist political and economic environment in which it was situated. URPE was one of many dissident organizations formed to challenge mainstream academic disciplines in North America during the height of the New Left movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s; but it is one of the few to have survived and maintained to the present day its peak membership (ca. 2000), regular semi-annual meetings, and the publication of a quarterly journal (the Review of Radical Political Economics). During the 4 years I spent as an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University ( ), most of my research and writing reflected a broadly-defined Marxian political-economic approach to the analysis of imperialism and underdevelopment in the Third World. In an early article ("Capitalism, Underdevelopment and the Future of the Poor Countries," in Economics and World Order, ed. J. Bhagwati, MacMillan and Co., 1972, reprinted also in the Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 4, 1972), I sought to develop a new and broader dependency-theory framework for analyzing Third World economic development. I analyzed here the way in which capitalist economic institutions tend to bias the pattern of economic development in Third World societies in ways that lead at best to a dependent, inegalitarian and undemocratic form of economic growth. I then applied the same kind of analysis to the case of independent India in a subsequent article ("Dependence and Imperialism in India," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 5, 1973). I also carried out and published econometric research on alternative "two-gap" constraints on economic growth, and on the impact of foreign capital inflows on domestic saving, in Third World nations. My article on the latter issue ("The Impact of Foreign Capital Inflow on Domestic Savings in Underdeveloped Countries," The Journal of International Economics, Vol. 2, February 1972) showed that foreign capital inflows tended to depress domestic saving rates. 2

3 Having participated for several years in the collective teaching of the new course, "The Capitalist Economy: Conflict and Power," I collaborated with two of my colleagues -- Richard Edwards and Michael Reich -- in preparing a book to present the main issues raised in the course (R. C. Edwards, M. Reich, and T.E. Weisskopf, The Capitalist System: A Radical Analysis of American Society, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1972). This volume includes contributed articles by the three author-editors, as well as reprinted articles by many other radical political economists. Widely used for undergraduate teaching of political economy in the United States, it has twice been extensively revised and republished (Edwards, Reich & Weisskopf, op. cit., 2nd edition 1978, 3rd edition 1986). In 1972 I was offered a tenured position as associate professor of economics at the University of Michigan, partly as a consequence of student demands that a radical political economist be hired to teach in the graduate economics program at Michigan. Accepting the appointment, I proceeded to establish (with my colleague, Daniel Fusfeld) a graduate field of specialization in the area of political economy. Since 1972 I have remained at the University of Michigan, where I am now a full professor dividing my time between the Economics Department and the Social Science Program of the Residential College -- an innovative undergraduate liberal arts college within the University of Michigan. In July 1995 I accepted a five-year appointment as Director of the Residential College. During my initial years at Michigan I continued to carry out research and publish papers dealing with development and underdevelopment in the Third World, focusing inter alia on contrasting patterns of development in India and the People's Republic of China. But as the U.S. economy, and indeed the world capitalist economy, began to experience increasing symptoms of crisis in the 1970s, my teaching and research interests shifted to the macroeconomic problems of the advanced capitalist economies. In particular, I began to seek ways to develop and apply Marxian crisis theory to the contemporary macroeconomic problems of the U.S. economy -- e.g., rising unemployment and inflation, falling profitability and productivity growth. My early work in this area sought to distinguish between three different variants of Marxian crisis theory -- the orthodox theory of "the tendency of the rate of profit to fall" (due to a rising organic composition of capital), the theory of underconsumption (or, more generally, realization failure), and the theory of the depletion of the reserve army of labor (leading to a "wage squeeze on profits") -- each of which is a possible source of declining profitability and consequent economic crisis. Having developed an overall framework for addressing these theoretical distinctions in an earlier article, I applied the framework to the empirical analysis of profitability trends in the post-world-war-ii U.S. economy ("Marxian Crisis Theory and the Rate of Profit in the Postwar U.S. Economy," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 3, 1979). In the latter article I found that the third of the three variants of Marxian crisis theory was the most relevant in explaining both long-run (secular) and short-run (cyclical) profitability declines and crisis tendencies in the postwar United States. In the early 1980s, as the world economic crisis reached its nadir, I began a long-term research collaboration with Samuel Bowles and David Gordon, with the aim of applying contemporary radical political economics to the study of the continuing economic crisis in the United States -- and developing a 3

4 democratic and egalitarian alternative economic strategy to overcome the crisis. This collaborative research resulted in a book (S. Bowles, D.M. Gordon, and T.E. Weisskopf, Beyond the Waste Land: A Democratic Alternative to Economic Decline, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1983), subsequently published also in British, French, Japanese and Spanish editions, as well as numerous more technical articles on key elements of the analytical underpinning of the book (e.g., Weisskopf, Bowles & Gordon, "Hearts and Minds: A Social Model of U.S. Productivity Growth," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1983, and Bowles, Gordon & Weisskopf, "Power and Profits: The Social Structure of Accumulation and the Profitability of the Postwar U.S. Economy, Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol 18, 1986). In our joint work, Bowles, Gordon and I place the postwar experience of boom and crisis in the U.S. economy into the broader historical context of "long swings," differentiated from one another by differing "social structures of accumulation" (SSAs). Each SSA is characterized by a set of social/political/economic institutions that govern relations between the capitalist class and other relevant classes and economic actors; and each SSA is characterized first by the success of these institutions in assuring an environment favorable to capitalist profitability and accumulation (in the initial boom period), and then by internal contradictions leading to the erosion of the same institutions (in the subsequent crisis period). According to this analysis, the post-world-war-ii SSA in the United States was successful in promoting capitalist prosperity through the late 1960s, but then gave way to a series of contradictions that generated the economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s -- from which the U.S. economy has yet to recover in any fundamental way. Subsequently I undertook to extend and apply some aspects of my joint work with Bowles and Gordon in an internationally comparative context, analyzing, for example, how different kinds of social and political relations between capital and labor affect workplace behavior and labor productivity in different advanced capitalist economies. I found that the "worker discipline effect," whereby high unemployment raises productivity, is far more evident in countries (such as the United States) in which capital-labor relations tend to be highly antagonistic than in countries (such as Sweden) in which capital-labor relations have been more cooperative (see "The Effect of Unemployment on Productivity: An International Comparative Analysis," International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 1, 1987). In joint work with Francis Green, I made a similar finding with respect to inter-industry differences in the worker discipline effect in "secondary industries" -- with relatively low unionization, low wages and little job security, and thus presumably more antagonistic capital-labor relations -- as distinct from "primary industries" -- with the opposite characteristics (see F. Green and T.E. Weisskopf, "The Worker Discipline Effect: A Disaggregative Analysis," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 72, 1990). In 1990 I worked with Bowles and Gordon on an up-dated and much revised version of our earlier book (S. Bowles, D.M. Gordon, and T.E. Weisskopf, After the Waste Land: A Democratic Economy for the Year 2000, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991). This second joint book went beyond the earlier one in addressing the contradictions and deleterious impact of "Reaganomics" on the U.S. economy in the 1980s, and in conceptualizing the potential economic as well as political benefits of a more democratic and egalitarian economy. During the past decade, stimulated by the ongoing social, political and economic transitions of the erstwhile "actually existing socialist societies" of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, I have once again 4

5 shifted the primary focus of my teaching and research interests -- this time to the former "Second World." On the one hand, I have undertaken theoretical explorations of market socialism and worker selfmanagement (e.g., "A Democratic-Enterprise-Based Market Socialism," in Market Socialism: The Current Debate, ed. P. Bardhan and J. Roemer, Oxford University Press, 1993). I have also carried out empirical studies of changing property relations in contemporary Russia (e.g., A. Bim, D. Jones and T.E. Weisskopf, "Hybrid Forms of Enterprise Organization in the Former USSR and the Russian Federation," Comp. Ec. Stud. 35, Spring 1993); and I have written critical articles about the process of economic transition and reform in Russia (e.g., "Economics Without History: The Effort To Westernize The East," in Borderlands of Economics: Essays in Honor of Daniel R. Fusfeld, ed. N. Aslanbeigui and Y.B. Choi, Routledge Press, 1997). Finally, I have recently been working with Neva Goodwin and several other North American and Russian collaborators on a project to develop alternative textbooks in economics for use in Russian universities -- dissenting again from the mainstream! UPDATE OF MY AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT (January 2011) My collaborative work with Neva Goodwin and other North American and Russian collaborators resulted in the publication of three editions of an alternative textbook in microeconomics, the first in Russian (N.R. Goodwin, F. Ackerman, O.I. Ananyin and T.E. Weisskopf, Microeconomics in Context, The Russian State University of the Humanities Press, 2002) and the other two in English (N.R. Goodwin, F. Ackerman, J.A. Nelson and T.E. Weisskopf, Microeconomics in Context, 1 st edition: Houghton-Mifflin, 2005; 2nd edition: M.E. Sharpe, 2009). Since the year 2000 I have been working on the subject of affirmative action in the comparative context of the United States and India, with particular attention to admissions to higher educational institutions. I became very interested in this topic while serving as Director of the Residential College at the University of Michigan ( ), at a time when two lawsuits against the affirmative action admissions policies of the University focused national debate over affirmative action on the Michigan campus. From my earlier experience in India I was well aware of the fact that India had been practicing a form of affirmative action for a considerably longer time than the United States; but I had never previously studied issues of race, caste and ethnicity in the Indian context. During my year of sabbatical leave in I took the opportunity to visit India again and to gather information on India s reservation policies on behalf of backward classes; and I read widely in the burgeoning literature on affirmative action in each country. This research culminated in my book, Affirmative Action in the United States and India: A Comparative Perspective, published in In subsequent years I continued my work on affirmative action, participating in conferences and publishing articles both in India and in the United States. I participated also in debates on the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative - a ballot proposition designed to end affirmative action in public institutions in the State of Michigan, which was (regrettably) approved by Michigan voters in November I spent the academic year directing the Academic Program in Aix-en-Provence, France, where I supervised some 65 5

6 French-speaking American students (from the Universities of Michigan, Wisconsin and Indiana) who were studying at the University of Aix-Marseille; I also taught a course on "The French Social Model in an Era of Globalization." After returning to the University of Michigan in 2007, I taught for another 3 years and then retired in June, I continue to read, write and on occasion lecture. My latest paper is "Why Worry about Inequality in the Booming Indian Economy?", to be presented to a conference in Mumbai, India, in March

7 September 2010 Curriculum Vitae THOMAS EMIL WEISSKOPF HOME ADDRESS: 305 Wilton Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan OFFICE ADDRESS: BIRTHDATE/PLACE: FAMILY STATUS: CURRENT POSITIONS: PRIOR POSITIONS: Department of Economics or Residential College, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48l09 April 13, 1940, in Rochester, New York Married, three children Professor Emeritus of Economics and in the Residential College, University of Michigan (2010-) Professor of Economics and in the Residential College, University of Michigan ( ) Resident Director, Academic Program in Aix-en-Provence, France, operated by the Universities of Wisconsin, Indiana & Michigan ( ) Director, Residential College, University of Michigan ( , ) Associate Professor of Economics, University of Michigan ( ) Assistant Professor of Economics, Harvard University ( ) Visiting Professor of Economics, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India ( ) Junior Fellow, American Institute of Indian Studies, New Delhi, India ( ) Assistant Research Economist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Summer 1963) Research and Teaching Associate, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India ( ) OTHER EMPLOYMENT: Course Director, AAAS/NSF Chatauqua-type Short Course ( ) Consultant and Workshop Leader, United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( ) EDUCATION: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( ): Ph.D. in Economics, September Doctoral Dissertation: "A Programming Model for Import Substitution in India" Harvard University ( ): B.A. (Summa Cum Laude) in Economics, June Senior Honors Thesis: "Price Movements Within the Manufacturing Sector of the United States Economy, and " 7

8 TEACHING FIELDS: Political Economy, Comparative Economic Systems and Institutions, Macroeconomics, Economic Policy Issues, Economic Development and Political Change LANGUAGES: French: reading, comprehension, speaking -- fluent. Russian: reading, comprehension, speaking -- good. German: reading, comprehension -- good; speaking -- fair. Spanish: reading, comprehension -- fair; speaking -- poor. PUBLICATIONS: BOOKS 1. Edited with Arthur MacEwan, Perspectives on the Economic Problem: A Book of Readings in Political Economy, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1st Edition 1970; 2nd Edition Edited with Hollis Chenery et al., Studies in Development Planning, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., With Bagicha Singh Minhas et al., Scheduling the Operations of the Bhakra System: Studies in Technical and Economic Evaluation, The Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta (India), With Richard Edwards and Michael Reich, The Capitalist System: A Radical Analysis of Contemporary American Society, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1st edition 1972; 2nd edition 1978; 3rd edition With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, Beyond the Waste Land: A Democratic Alternative to Economic Decline, Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City, N.Y., 1983; paperback edition 1984; British edition, published by Verso Press (London), 1985; French edition, L'Economie du Gaspillage: La Crise Americaine et les Politiques Reaganiennes, published by Editions La Decouverte (Paris), 1986; Japanese edition, published by Toyo Kezai Shiposha (Tokyo), 1986; Spanish edition, published by Alianza Editorial, S,A. (Madrid), With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, After the Waste Land: A Democratic Economics for the Year 2000, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, N.Y., 1991; Spanish edition, published by Alianza Editorial, S.A. (Madrid), Edited with Samuel Bowles, Economics and Social Justice: Essays on Power, Labor and Institutional Change (a posthumous collection of the works of David M. Gordon), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (U.K.), With Neva R. Goodwin, Frank Ackerman and Oleg I. Ananyin, Microeconomics in Context (in Russian), The Russian State University of the Humanities Press, Moscow, With Neva R. Goodwin, Frank Ackerman and Julie A. Nelson, Microeconomics in Context, Houghton- Mifflin, Boston, 1st edition 2003; 2nd edition Affirmative Action in the United States and India: A Comparative Perspective, Routledge, London, 2004; South Asian edition, published by Foundation Books (the Indian Associate of Cambridge University Press), 2005; paperback edition, distributed by Routledge Press via their Paperbacks Direct program,

9 PUBLICATIONS: ARTICLES 1. "Numerical Results of a Multisectoral Programming Model," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 2, No. 6, April 22, "A Programming Model for Import Substitution in India," Sankhya: The Indian Journal of Statistics (Calcutta, India), Series B, Vol. 29, Parts 3 & 4, December With Alan S. Manne, "A Dynamic Multisectoral Model for India, ," in Anne B. Carter and A. Brody (eds.), Applications of Input-Output Analysis, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, "Alternative Patterns of Import Substitution in India," In Hollis Chenery et al. (eds.), Studies in Development Planning, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., "The Growth of Radical Economics in the United States," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 6, No. 40, October 2, "Capitalism, Underdevelopment and the Future of the Poor Countries," in Jagdish Bhagwati (ed.), Economics and World Order, MacMillan and Co., New York, 1972; reprinted in Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 1972; German translation in Dieter Senghaas (ed.), Imperialismus und Strukturelle Gewalt: Analysen uber Abhangige Reproduktion, Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt (West Germany), "On the Necessity of Inequality under Capitalism," in Richard Edwards et al., The Capitalist System, Prentice- Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., "The Problem of Surplus Absorption in a Capitalist Society," in Richard Edwards et al., The Capitalist System, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., "United States Foreign Private Investment: An Empirical Survey," in Richard Edwards et al., The Capitalist System, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., "An Econometric Test of Alternative Constraints on the Growth of Underdeveloped Countries," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 54, No. 1, February "The Impact of Foreign Capital Inflow on Domestic Savings in Underdeveloped Countries," The Journal of International Economics, Vol. 2, No. 1, February 1972; reprinted in Amitava K. Dutt (ed.), The Political Economy of Development, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., Cheltenham (U.K.), "An Econometric Test of Alternative Constraints on the Growth of Underdeveloped Countries: A Reply," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 55, No. 1, February "Dependence and Imperialism in India," in Mark Selden (ed.), Remaking Asia: Essays on the American Uses of Power, Pantheon, New York, 1973; reprinted in the Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 5, No. 1, Spring "Theories of American Imperialism: A Critical Evaluation," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 6, No. 3, Fall "Capitalism, Socialism and the Sources of Imperialism," in James Kurth and Steven Rosen (eds.), Testing Theories of Economic Imperialism, Lexington Books (D.C. Heath), Lexington, Mass., "China and India: A Comparative Survey of Economic Development Performance," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 10, Nos. 5-7 (Annual Number), February

10 17. "China and India: Contrasting Experiences in Economic Development," American Economic Review, Vol. 65, No. 2, May Comments on Harold M. Hochman and James D. Rogers, "The Simple Politics of Distributional Preference," in F. Thomas Juster (ed.), The Distribution of Economic Well-Being, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, "The Persistence of Poverty in India: A Political Economic Analysis," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 9, No. 1, January-March "The Irrationality of Capitalist Economic Growth," In Richard Edwards et al., The Capitalist System (2nd edition), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., "Sources of Cyclical Downturns and Inflation," in Richard Edwards et al., The Capitalist System (2nd edition), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., "Imperialism and the Economic Development of the Third World, in Richard Edwards et al., The Capitalist System (2nd edition), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1978; reprinted in Charles K. Wilber (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment (2nd edition), Random House, Inc., New York, New York, "Marxist Perspectives on Cyclical Crises," in the Union for Radical Political Economics, U.S. Capitalism in Crisis, U.R.P.E., New York, New York, "Marxian Crisis Theory and the Rate of Profit in the Postwar U.S. Economy," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 3, No. 4, December 1979; reprinted in John E. King (ed.), Marxian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., London, "Patterns of Economic Development in India, Pakistan and Indonesia," in Robert F. Dernberger (ed.), China's Development Experience in Comparative Perspective, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., "The Relevance of the Chinese Experience for Third World Economic Development," Theory and Society, Vol. 9, No. 2, March With Samuel Rosenberg, "A Conflict Theory Approach to Inflation in the Postwar U.S. Economy," American Economic Review, Vol. 71, No. 2, May "The Current Economic Crisis in Historical Perspective," Socialist Review, Vol. 11, No. 3, May/June 1981; revised version reprinted under the title "The Latest Economic Crisis in Historical Perspective" in Jane Jenson (ed.), The Best of Socialist Review, Verso Press, New York, "Wages, Salaries and the Profit Share: A Rejoinder," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 5, No. 2, June "Radical Economics," in Douglas Greenwald (ed.), Encyclopedia of Economics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New York, "Alternative Models of Economic Development," Economies et Societes (Paris, France), Vol. 17, No. 2, February With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Long Swings and the Non-Reproductive Cycle," American Economic Review, Vol. 73, No. 2, May 1983; reprinted in Cycles (Bulletin of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles), Commentary on Robert Boyer, "Wage Labor, Capital Accumulation and the Crisis: ," Tocqueville Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, Spring-Summer

11 34. "Economic Development and the Development of Economics: Some Observations from the Left," World Development, Vol. 11, No. 10, October "Reaganomics: Is It Finally Working?," Dissent, Vol. 30, No.4, Fall With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Hearts and Minds: A Social Model of U.S. Productivity Growth," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2: With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "A Social Model for U.S. Productivity Growth," Challenge, Vol. 27, No. 2, March/April "The Elections and the Economy," Dissent, Vol. 31, No. 4, Fall With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Long-term Growth and the Cyclical Restoration of Profitability," in R. Goodwin, M. Kruger and A. Vercelli (eds.), Nonlinear Models of Fluctuating Growth, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (West Germany), "Use of Hourly Earnings Proposed to Revive Spendable Earnings Series," Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 107, No. 11, November "Self-Reliance and Development Strategy," in Ngo Manh-Lan (ed.), Unreal Growth: Critical Studies on Asian Development, Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi (India), 1984; reprinted in Kofi Buenor Hadjor (ed.), New Perspectives in North-South Dialogue: Essays in Honor of Olof Palme, Third World Communications, London, With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "The Arithmetic of Economic Decline," in Marguerite R. Barnett and Philip V. White(eds.), The Politics of Retrenchment and Block Grants in Education, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, "The Rate of Surplus-Value in the Postwar U.S. Economy: A Response to Moseley's Critique," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, March With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Two Views of Capitalist Stagnation: Underconsumption and Challenges to Capitalist Control," Science and Society, Vol. IL, No. 3, Fall With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Power and Profits: The Social Structure of Accumulation and the Profitability of the Postwar U.S. Economy," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 18, Nos. 1 & 2, Spring & Summer "The Effect of Unemployment on Productivity: An International Comparative Analysis," International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 1, No. 2, July With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Power, Accumulation and Crisis: The Rise and Demise of the Postwar Social Structure of Accumulation," in Robert Cherry et al. (eds.), The Imperiled Economy, The Union for Radical Political Economics, New York, 1987; reprinted in Samuel Bowles and Richard Edwards (eds.), Radical Political Economy, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., London, 1990, and in Victor Lippit (ed.), Radical Political Economy: Explorations in Alternative Economic Analysis, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, N.Y., "After the Party: How Can We Overcome the Legacy of Reaganomics?," Dissent, Vol. 35, No. 2, Spring "The Analytics of Neo-Marxian Crisis Theory: An Illustrative Model," Keizai Kenkyu (The Economic Review, published in Tokyo, Japan), Vol. 39, No. 3, July With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Social Institutions, Interests, and the Empirical Analysis of Accumulation: A Reply to Bruce Norton," Rethinking Marxism, Vol. 1, No. 3, Fall

12 51. With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Business Ascendancy and Economic Impasse: A Structural Retrospective on Conservative Economics, ," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 3, No. 1, Winter "Taking on the Budget Deficit," Dollars and Sense, No. 147, June "An Analysis of Profitability Changes in Eight Capitalist Economies," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 21, Nos. 1 & 2, Spring & Summer With Francis Green, The Worker Discipline Effect: A Disaggregative Analysis," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 72, No. 2, May With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Right-Wing Economics Backfired," Challenge, Vol. 34, No. 1, January-February "Economic and Political Prospects in Eastern Europe," Dissent, Vol. 38, No. 1, Winter Autobiographical statement in Philip Arestis and Malcolm Sawyer (eds.), Dictionary of Dissenting Economists, Edward Elgar Publishers, London, 1991; revised version in ibid., 2nd edition, "A Comparative Analysis of Profitability Trends in the Advanced Capitalist Economies," in Fred Moseley and Edward Wolff (eds.), International Perspectives on Profitability and Accumulation, Edward Elgar Publishers, London, "Marxian Crisis Theory and the Contradictions of Late Twentieth Century Capitalism," Rethinking Marxism, Vol. 4, No. 4, Winter 1992; reprinted in Victor Lippit (ed.), Radical Political Economy: Explorations in Alternative Economic Analysis, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, N.Y., "Challenges to Market Socialism," Dissent, Vol. 39, No. 2, Spring With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "We Need Handshakes and Arm-Twisting to Mobilize our Recovery," Challenge, Vol. 35, No. 2, March-April "The Case for Market Socialism," Keizai Kenkyu (The Economic Review, published in Tokyo, Japan), Vol. 43, No. 4, October "Toward a Socialism for the Future, in the Wake of the Demise of the Socialism of the Past," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 24, Nos. 3-4, Winter 1992; reprinted in David L. Prychitko (ed.), Why Economists Disagree: An Introduction to Contemporary Schools of Thought, State University of New York Press, New York, 1996, and in Victor Lippit (ed.), Radical Political Ecomomy: Explorations in Alternative Economic Analysis, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, N.Y., "Incentives and Equity Problems in Confronting the International Debt Crisis," The Indian Economic Review, Special Number in Honor of Sukhamoy Chakravarty (1992). 65. "Russia in Transition: The Perils of the Fast Track to Capitalism," Challenge, Vol. 35, No. 6, November- December 1992, pp ; Russian translation in Trudovye Otnosheniya (Labor Relations, published in Moscow), No. 1, 1992, pp "The Case for a Universal Basic Income Grant," in Bunyan Bryant (ed.), The Future: Images for the 21th Century, University of Michigan Office of Minority Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, 1993, pp With Alexander Bim and Derek Jones, "Hybrid Forms of Enterprise Organization in the Former USSR and the Russian Federation," Comparative Economic Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, Spring 1993, pp

13 68. "Is There Really No Third Way in Eastern Europe? The Case for a Democratic-Enterprise-Based Market Socialism," Revue Europeene des Sciences Sociales, Vol. 31, No. 96 (1993), pp "Democratic Self-Management: An Alternative Approach to Economic Transformation in the Former Soviet Union," in Bertram Silverman, Murray Yanowich and Robert Vogt (eds.), Double Shift: Transforming Work in Post-Socialist and Post-Industrial Societies, M.E. Sharpe Inc., Armonk, N.Y., 1993, pp "Alternative Social Structure of Accumulation Approaches to the Analysis of Capitalist Booms and Crises," in David Kotz, Terrence McDonough and Michael Reich (eds.), Social Structures of Accumulation: The Political Economy of Growth and Crisis, Cambridge University Press, 1993, Cambridge (U.K.). pp "A Democratic-Enterprise-Based Market Socialism," in Pranab Bardhan and John Roemer (eds.), Market Socialism: The Current Debate, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp "Yeltsin's Russia: Bleak Prospects for Democracy and Prosperity," Dollars and Sense, No. 192, March-April 1994, pp With Alexander Bim and Derek Jones, "Privatization in the Former Soviet Union and the New Russia," in Saul Estrin (ed.), Privatisation in Central and Eastern Europe, Longmans, London, 1994, pp With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Right-Wing Economics in the U.S.: The Anatomy of Failure," in M.A. Bernstein and D. Adler (eds.), Understanding American Economic Decline, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK), 1994, pp "Myths and Realities of Privatization in Russia," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, September 1994, pp "Economic Perspectives on Privatization" (translated into Polish), in the volume of selected papers from the October 1993 international conference, Privatization and Socioeconomic Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, Krakow Regional Development Agency (Poland), 1994, pp "Market Socialism in the East," Dissent, Vol. 42, No. 1, Winter 1995, pp With Peter Dorman, Nancy Folbre and Donald McCloskey, "Debating Markets," Feminist Economics, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 1996, pp With Derek Jones, "Employee Ownership and Control: Evidence from Russia," Proceedings of the Forty Eighth Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association, 1996, pp "The Prospects for Democratic Market Socialism in the East," in Erik O. Wright (ed.), Equal Shares: Making Market Socialism Work, Verso Books, London, 1996, pp With Frank Ackerman, Oleg Ananyin and Neva Goodwin, "Economics in Context" (in Russian), Voprosy Ekonomiki (Problems in Economics), February 1997, pp "Economics Without History: The Effort To Westernize The East," in Nahid Aslanbeigui and Young Back Choi (eds.), Borderlands of Economics: Essays in Honor of Daniel R. Fusfeld, Routledge Press, New York, 1997, pp With Samuel Bowles, "David M. Gordon: Economist and Public Intellectual ( )," Economic Journal, Vol. 108, No. 1, January 1998, pp With Nancy Folbre, "Did Father Know Best? Families, Markets, and the Supply of Caring Labor," in Avner Ben-Ner and Louis Putterman (eds.), Economics, Values and Organization, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp

14 85. "Economic Perspectives on Privatization in Russia, " in June Gary Hopps and Demetrius S. Iatridis (eds.), Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe: Perspectives and Approaches, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998, pp With Samuel Bowles, Introduction to Samuel Bowles and Thomas E. Weisskopf (eds.), Economics and Social Justice: Essays on Power, Labor and Institutional Change, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (U.K.), 1998, pp. xi-xxi. 87. With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Power, Profits and Investment: An Institutionalist Explanation of the Stagnation of US Net Investment after the Mid-1960s," in Samuel Bowles and Thomas E. Weisskopf (eds.), Economics and Social Justice: Essays on Power, Labor and Institutional Change, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (U.K.), 1998, pp With Samuel Bowles, "David M. Gordon: Radical Political Economist and Activist ( )," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 31, No. 1, Winter 1999, pp "Left Perspectives on Long-Term Trends in Capitalism," in Robert Pollin (ed.), Capitalism, Socialism and Radical Political Economy: Essays in Honor of Howard J. Sherman, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (U.K.), 2000, pp Review of Jim Stanford, Lance Taylor & Ellen Houston, eds., Power, Employment and Accumulation: Social Structures in Economic Theory and Practice, Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2001), in the Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 34, No. 3, Summer 2002, pp The Consequences of Affirmative Action in U.S. Higher Education: A Review of Recent Empirical Studies, Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 36, No. 51, December 22, 2001, pp "Globalization and Affirmative Action," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 38, No. 27, July 5, 2003, pp ; reprinted in Sukhadeo Thorat et al., Reservation and Private Sector, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies & Rawat Publications, New Delhi (India), 2005, pp "The Impact of Reservation on Admissions to Higher Education in India," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 39, No. 39, Sept. 25, 2004, pp ; reprinted as Some Aspects of Reservation in Higher Education in Sukhadeo Thorat et al., Reservation and Private Sector, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies & Rawat Publications, New Delhi (India), 2005, pp "Is Positive Discrimination a Good Way to Aid Disadvantaged Communities?," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 41, No. 8, February 25, 2006, pp ; reprinted in Rakesh Basant and Abusaleh Shariff (eds.), Handbook of Muslims in India: Empirical and Policy Perspectives, Oxford University Press, New Delhi (India), 2010, pp With Reservations, The Little Magazine (Delhi, India), Vol. 6, Nos. 4&5, July 2006, pp Affirmative Action in Higher Education, Seminar (New Delhi, India), No. 569 (January 2007), pp Equal and Efficient Globalization a review of Pranab Bardhan, Samuel Bowles & Michael Wallerstein, eds., Globalization and Egalitarian Redistribution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006) in Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay, India), Vol. 42, No. 15, April 14, 2007, pp "Affirmative Action," entry in William A. Darity, Jr., ed., The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd edition, MacMillan Reference USA, published by Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2008, pp "Quota Systems," entry in William A. Darity, Jr., ed., The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd edition, MacMillan Reference USA, published by Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2008, pp "A experiência da Índia com ação afirmativa na seleção para o ensino superior" ("India's Experience with Affirmative Action in Admissions to Higher Educational Institutions"), in Jonas Zoninsein and Joao Feres Jr. 14

15 (eds.), Ação afirmativa no Ensino Superior Brasileiro, Editora UFMG, Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 2008, pp "On Spreading the Wealth" (a memo to President Barack Obama), Tikkun, Vol. 24, No. 1, January-February 2009, pp Review of Robert J. Ross, Slaves to Fashion: Poverty and Abuse in the New Sweatshops, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004, in the Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 41, No. 2, Spring 2009, pp Reflections on Globalization, Discrimination and Affirmative Action, in Miguel Centeno and Katherine S. Newman (eds.), Discrimination in an Unequal World, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010, pp With William Darity, Jr., and Ashwini Deshpande, "Who is Eligible? Should Affirmative Action be Group- or Class-Based?," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, forthcoming January "Rethinking Affirmative Action in Admissions to Higher Educational Institutions," in Martha Nussbaum and Zoya Hasan (eds.), Affirmative Action in Higher Education, New Delhi (India): Oxford University Press, forthcoming OTHER PROFESSIONAL PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS: 1. "A Social Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Panagua Project," paper prepared for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, August "Commercial Profitability and National Economic Profitability," paper prepared for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, March "On the Measurement of Benefits and Costs," paper prepared for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, May "Collective Notes of the First Friendship Delegation of American Radical Political Economists to the People's Republic of China," volume coordinated and assembled for circulation by the Union for Radical Political Economics, December "An Evaluation of the Role of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation," statement presented at the hearings of the Sub-Committee on Foreign Economic Policy of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Congress of the United States, 93rd Congress, 1st Session, May 22, "American Economic Interests in Foreign Countries: An Empirical Survey," paper prepared for presentation at a conference on internal and external policies of the United States at the University of Havana, Havana, Cuba, April 8-12, 1974; available as Discussion Paper No. 35 of the Center for Research on Economic Development, The University of Michigan, April "Dependence as an Explanation of Underdevelopment: A Critique," Paper presented to the Sixth National Meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, in Atlanta, March 1976; available as Discussion Paper No. 66 of the Center for Research on Economic Development, The University of Michigan, February "Conflict and Power on the Campus: Studies in the Political Economy of the University of Michigan," report prepared with Andy Brown, Harley Frazis, Jim Robb, Mike Taylor and Eitan Yanich, as members of the Student/Faculty Research Community of the Social Science Program, Residential College, The Univerity of Michigan, June With Samuel Rosenberg, "A Conflict Model of Inflation Applied to the Postwar U.S. Economy," Working Paper No. 157, Department of Economics, University of California, Davis, October

16 10. "Worker Security and Capitalist Prosperity: An International Comparative Analysis," working paper reporting on research carried out under a Research Fellowship awarded by the German Marshall Fund of the United States, March, "Toward a New Approach to the Analysis of the Current Capitalist Crisis," working paper presented at the meeting of the Macroeconomic Working Group on Wages, Prices and Productivity at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, June "Labor Productivity and Capital Intensity in a Putty-Clay Vintage-Capital Framework," working paper presented at the meeting of the Macroeconomic Working Group on Wages, Prices and Productivity at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, June "Class Conflict or Class Harmony?: A Study of the Effect of Worker Security on Productivity Growth in Eight Advanced Capitalist Economies," working paper presented at the Seminar in Alternative Economic Theory, Harvard University, November "Sources of Profit Rate Decline in the Advanced Capitalist Economies: An Empirical Test of the High- Employment Profit Squeeze Theory," working paper presented at the Winter meetings of the Union for Radical Political Economics in New York City, December "Neo-Marxian and Neo-Kaleckian Approaches to the Determination of Capitalist Profitability," working paper presented at the Summer meetings of the Union for Radical Political Economics in Sandwich, Massachusetts, August With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "A Conflict Model of Investment: The Determinants of U.S. Capital Accumulation in a Global Context," working paper presented at the regional meetings of the Union for Radical Political Economics in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October "Distribution and Profitability in a Closed Economy: Toward a Reconciliation of Neo-Marxian and Neo- Kaleckian Theories," working paper presented at the meeting of the Macroeconomic Working Group on Wages, Prices and Productivity at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, January "Sources of Political Activism in Southeastern Michigan," report prepared with David Burton, Catherine Cohen, Ed Feil, Ted Gerber, Lori Lewis, Scott Lipsitz, Jolie Spring, and Arlin Wasserman, as members of the Student/Faculty Research Community of the Social Science Program, Residential College, The University of Michigan, June "International Competition and the Distribution of Income: A Neo-Kaleckian Model of an Open World Economy," working paper presented at the meeting of the Macroeconomic Working Group on Wages, Prices and Productivity, at Harvard University, December With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "The Economic Crisis in the United States: A Social Structure of Accumulation Approach," paper presented at the International Conference on the Theory of Regulation at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, June "Incentive and Equity Problems in Confronting the International Debt Crisis," paper presented to the 57th Symposium of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, on "Foreign Debts and International Stability," held in Krakow, Poland, June "Reflections on a Trip to Eastern Europe," working paper, September With Samuel Bowles and David Gordon, "Power, Profits, and Investment: An Institutionalist Explanation of the Stagnation of U.S. Investment Since the Mid-1960s," working paper, October

17 24. With Samuel Bowles and David M. Gordon, "Handshakes, Fairness and Arm-Twisting: Analytical Foundations of a Progressive Macroeconomic Strategy," paper presented at the annual Winter meetings of the American Economic Association and the Union for Radical Political Economics in New Orleans, January "The Drive Toward Capitalism in East Central Europe: Is There No Other Way?," working paper presented at the annual Winter meetings of the Union for Radical Political Economics in New Orleans, January With Alexander Bim and Derek Jones, "The Growth of Private Enterprise and Institutional Change in the Former USSR and the New Russia," working paper, March "What Happened in Moscow," report on the background and evolution of events that took place in Moscow on the "bloody days" of October 3 and 4, "Proposals for Broadening the Introductory Economics Curriculum," paper presented at the International Conference on "The Present and the Future of Economic Education in Russia," Moscow State University, Moscow, April "Markets and Society" and "Problems and Policies," two sets of four chapters each, prepared for the introductory economics textbook Microeconomics in Context but deemed too advanced to be included in the published editions (see #8 and #9 on the list of books above). 30. The Role of Privatization in the Transformation of Soviet-Style Socialist Economies, paper presented at the International Conference on Privatization in Balkan and Black Sea Countries, Tbilisi (Georgia), July 1-2, The Benefits and Costs of Affirmative Action: An Analysis of Arguments For and Against Affirmative Action in Admissions to Higher Educational Institutions, working paper, February The Consequences of Affirmative Action in Admissions to Higher Educational Institutions: Empirical Evidence from the United States and India, working paper, April India's Experience with Affirmative Action in Admissions to Higher Educational Institutions, paper presented to the Second International Conference of the Affirmative Action Studies Network in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), September 22-23, "Rethinking Affirmative Action in Admissions to Higher Educational Institutions," paper presented to a conference on Affirmative Action in Higher Education in India, the United States and South Africa organized by the Programme for the Study of Discrimination and Exclusion, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and the Centre for Comparative Constitutionalism, University of Chicago, in New Delhi, March 19-21, With Ashwini Deshpande, "Do Reservation Policies Affect Productivity in the Indian Railways?," paper presented to a conference on "International Experiences of Affirmative Action" organized by the British Academy, London, November 2-3, DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS SUPERVISED (as committee chair): 1. Everett M. Ehrlich, "The Distribution and Effects of Exogenous Disruption of Life-Cycle Plans Among Labor Force Participants, ," The University of Michigan, April Brett A. Smith, "Forms of Workers' Participation in Management and Their Impact on Enterprise Performance," The University of Michigan, August