STS HIST 202 Reconstruction to American Conservatism

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1 STS HIST 202 Reconstruction to American Conservatism Unit #4: The Origins of the Great Depression and the New Deal ( ) 10 Instructional Days Unit Overview Big Idea: After Years of Postwar economic boom the world economy collapses which forces America to drastically change the way the government interacts with its citizens and the national economy. Unit Goal: A. Evaluate a historical source for point of view and historical context B. Analyze continuity and change in eras over the course of United States history C. Investigate causes and effects of significant events in United States history: D. Analyze the complexity of events in United States history: The New Deal E. Evaluate the historical development and impact of political thought, theory and actions F. Analyze the origins of fundamental political debates and how conflict, compromise, and cooperation have shaped national unity and diversity: the role of government G. Analyze ideas critical to the understanding of American history: Populism, progressivism, isolationism, liberalism, and conservatism H. Describe and analyze the historical development and impact of the arts and literature on the culture of the United States Enduring Understanding Connections: As the prosperity of the 1920s ended severe economic problems gripped the nation. The resulting Great Depression has lasting effects on how Americans view themselves. The ideals of freedom, equality, democracy, and economic well being shifted dramatically during this time period and altered the way Americans looked at the American system and American dream. During the Great Depression America did what they had to do in order to survive. Since the great Depression, many Americans, have been more cautious about saving, borrowing, and investing. These new attitudes also affected the idea of community welfare, liberty and equality. This would give rise to welfare programs that still affect American families today. It would also set forth the important role the federal government would play in the civil rights struggle. The conservative approach President Herbert Hoover used to respond to the Depression drew much criticism and opened the door for more liberal policies to be enacted. These new liberal policies caused the government to become more involved in people s daily lives. After becoming president FDR began to enact these liberal policies that would spawn programs like social security, welfare, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and bank and stock market regulations. These new policies would greatly impact how Americans saw the American dream and the role of government. These policies still affect millions of Americans today. The extreme power the government wields over the private sector would be felt for generations. We see this today in the policies that regulate the student loans many students will be taking out in the next few years. These New Deal policies strengthened the power of the government and made a lasting impact on increasing the government s role in the struggle for equal rights and the power the government holds over all of our private lives. The template of action used to fight the Great Depression is often looked at by our government representatives today in order to fight the harsh economic pressures we are facing today. During this time of economic horror, the culture that took shape in the 1920s began to come into its own and blossomed into a new American Culture in the 1930s. The films, art, music, and literature of this decade still captivate today s society.

2 Course Enduring Understandings A. The ideals of freedom, equality, democracy, and economic well being have been powerful motivators throughout our history. B. The tensions between liberty and equality, liberty and order, region and nation, individualism and the common welfare, cultural diversity and civic unity have shaped U.S. history. C. The history of the United States is a story of diverse groups struggling to realize the American ideal. These groups have contributed to the American heritage and contemporary society. D. The development of the United States has been shaped dramatically by economic growth. E. Issues in and between other countries dramatically affect the United States and in turn, U. S. policy dramatically affects other countries. Essential Questions A. How has our understanding of the meaning of freedom, democracy, and economic well being changed over time? B. How have tensions shaped U.S. history? How do these tensions shape contemporary American society? C. In what ways and to what extent have diverse groups shaped American society, economics, politics, and culture? D. What is the American Dream? Are all groups in the United States able to achieve the American Dream? E. What factors contributed to economic growth in the U.S.? F. How has economic growth shaped society, politics, and culture in the U.S.? Chapter 32 Reading Guiding Questions 1. What was the impact of domestic political conservatism and economic prosperity on the 1920s? 2. What were the Republican administrations policies of isolationism, disarmament, and high-tariff protectionism? 3. Compare the easygoing corruption of the Harding administration with the straight-laced uprightness of his successor Coolidge. 4. Describe the international economic tangle of loans, war debts, and reparations, and indicate how the United States dealt with it. 5. How did Hoover go from being a symbol of twenties business success to a symbol of depression failure? 6. How did the stock-market crash set off the deep and prolonged Great Depression? 7. Describe how Hoover s response to the depression was a combination of old-time individualism and the new view of federal responsibility for the economy. Chapter 33 Reading Guiding Questions 1. Describe the rise of Franklin Roosevelt to the presidency in How did the early New Deal pursue the three Rs of relief, recovery and reform? 3. What was the New Deal s effect on labor and labor unions? 4. What were the early New Deal s efforts to organize business and agriculture in the NRA and the AAA, and what replaced those programs after they were declared unconstitutional? 5. Describe the Supreme Court s hostility to many New Deal programs and explain why FDR s Courtpacking plan failed. 6. How did Roosevelt mobilize a New Deal political coalition that included the South, Catholics, Jews, African Americans and women? 7. What were the changes the New Deal underwent in the late thirties and what was the growing opposition to it? 8. What arguments were presented by both critics and defenders of the New Deal?

3 Unit Learning Goals LG 1 Analyze the impact Republican conservative, probusiness policies at home and economic unilateralism abroad had on the stock market Crash and ensuing depression of the 1930s. This should include discussion of The Presidency of Warren G. Harding: The Harding Scandals, The Fordney-McCumber Tariff, The Teapot Dome Scandal, Charles Evans Hughes, Andrew Mellon, Albert Fall, Harry Daugherty, the New Old Guard, Adkins v. Children s Hospital, The Interstate Commerce Commission, Charles R. Forbes, The aftermath of World War I: Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles, The War Industries Board, Esch-Cummins Transportation Act, The Merchant Marine Act, The Railway Labor Board, The American Legion, The Adjusted Compensation Act, New Isolation policy, The unclean League of Nations, The Middle East, Disarmament, The Five Power Naval Treaty, The Four Power Treaty, The Nine power Treaty, Frank B. Kellogg, Kellogg-Briand Act, international debts, French in the Ruhr Valley, German inflation, The Dawes Plan of 1924, The Coolidge presidency: Cautious Cal, agricultural depression, Copper-Volstead Act, McNary-Haugen Bill, the World Court, American forces in the Caribbean, The Presidential Race of 1924: Democratic primary fight, The KKK, John Davis, Bob La Follette, The Hoover Presidency: Hoo but Hoover, the election of 1928, Al Smith, A vote for Al is a vote for the Pope, Hoovercrats, The Agricultural Marketing Act, Federal Farm Board, The Hawley-Smoot Tariff, Rugged Individualism, Great Humanitarian, trickle down philosophy, the Hoover Dam, Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act, The Bonus Army, The Good- Neighbor Policy The Economy: The Great Crash, October 1929, Black Tuesday, the sick joke, impact on Americans, farm and factory overproduction, overexpansion of credit, the financial collapse of Europe, Drought in the Mississippi Valley, direct relief Militaristic Japan: Invasion of Manchuria, ineffectiveness of the League of Nations, Stimson Doctrine, Shanghai Bombing of 1932 Learning Goal Guiding Questions Habits of Mind Documents and Readings In what ways were the 1920s a reaction against the progressive era? Was the American isolationism of the 1920s linked to the rise of movements like the Ku Klux Klan? In what ways did movements like fundamentalism reflect similar antimodern outlooks, and in what ways did they reflect more basic religious disagreements? To what extent did the policies of the booming 1920s contribute to the depression? Was the depression inevitable, or could it have been avoided? Why or why not? How did the depression challenge the traditional belief of Hoover and other Americans in rugged individualism? Habits of Mind: Multi-Causality Understand the complexity of historical cause-effect relationships in order to avoid simplified generalizations. Documents: Film March of the Bonus Army Film The Crash of 1929 Herbert Hoover, "Rugged Individualism Speech" (October 22, 1928) Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law Adkins v. Children s Hospital The Dawes Plan Kellogg Briand Act Hawley Smoot Tariff Herbert Hoover's "New York City Speech" (1928) President Harding Hates His Job (c. 1922) William Randolph Hearst Blasts Disarmament at Washington (1922) Japan Resents the Washington Setback (1922) The Plague of Plenty (1932) Distress in the South (1933) Rumbles of Revolution (1932) Hoover clashes with Roosevelt On Public Versus Private Power (1932) Hoover clashes with Roosevelt On Government in Business (1932) Hoover clashes with Roosevelt On balancing the Budget (1932) Hoover clashes with Roosevelt On Restricted opportunity (1932) Hoover Defends His Record (1932) Roosevelt Indicts Hoover (1932) Boulder Canyon Project Act (1928) Readings: Taking Sides Clashing Views on America History Vol. II: Issue 8 Did the Women s Movement Die in the 1920s? Taking Sides Clashing Views on Political Issues Issue 3 Is Bigger Government Better Government? Taking Sides Clashing Views on Political Issues Issue 22: Are Entitlement Programs Creating a Culture of Dependency?

4 LG 2 Analyze the impact of the Great Depression and effects Roosevelt s presidency and the New Deal had on the American economic and political landscape This should include discussion of The Presidential campaign of 1932: Roosevelt s Infantile Paralysis, Eleanor Roosevelt, Roosevelt s political appeal, the forgotten man, the 1932 Democratic platform, ghostwritten speeches, Hoover s the Worst is Past, Hoover s defeat, the shift in Black voting patterns, The Roosevelt Presidency: Washington deadlock, the Three R s, the Hundred Days Congress, the New Deal (774 and 777), the banking chaos, banking holiday, the Glass Steagall Banking Reform Act, the FDIC, managed currency, overwhelming unemployment, Federal Emergency Relief Act, Huey P. Long, Father Coughlin, the Schecter Decision, The Grand Coulee Dam, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Federal Securities Act, the Public Utility Holding Act, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Social Securities Act, The Wagner Act, Committee of Industrial Organization and John Lewis, the Fair Labor Standards Act, Alfred M. Landon, the 1936 Presidential Election, the Roosevelt Recession, John Maynard Keynes and deficit spending, the Reorganization Act, the Hatch Act, congressional elections of 1938, complaints against the New Deal (pg 796), rise on the national debt, The Alphabet Agencies: The Civilian Conservation Corps, FERA and Harry Hopkins, the Agricultural Adjustment Act, Homeowners Loan Corporation, Civil Works Administration, Works Progress Administration, National Recovery Administration, labor under the NRA, Public Works Administration, The Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Housing Administration, The United States Housing Authority, Women in the 1930s: Eleanor Roosevelt, Frances Perkins, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Pearl S. Buck, : the Drought of the Trans-Mississippi Great Plains, the Dust Bowl Migrants, The Grapes of Wrath, the Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act, the Resettlement Administration, Native Americans in the Dust Bowl, the Indian Reorganization Act, The Supreme Court: The Twentieth Amendment, Roosevelt appoints no justices in first term, Old Guard appointees refusing to step down, adding a new justice, packing the court, Justice Owen j. Roberts, the court and New Deal legislation, full pay for retirees, congress court reform bill, new deal legislation after the court fight, Which of Roosevelt s measures were most effective in fighting the depression? Why? How did Roosevelt alter the role of the federal government in American life? Was this necessary for American survival? How did ordinary workers and farmers affect social change in the 1930s? What were the positive and negative effects of the New Deal s use of the federal government as an agency of social reform? Habits of Mind: What s Important Distinguish between the important and the inconsequential. Documents: Film PBS Eleanor Roosevelt Film Hoover Dam Film Ken Burns Huey Long Film Ken Burns Film The Grapes of Wrath Film Warm Springs Film Woodie Guthrie Film The Civilian Conservation Corps August 14, 1935, excerpt from President Franklin D. Roosevelt s speech, Washington, D.C. Excerpt from the testimony of Charles H. Houston, representing the NAACP, to the House Ways and Means Committee on the Economic Security bill, February 1, Washington, D.C President Roosevelt s fireside chat, May 7, Speech by Ellen S. Woodward, Assistant Administrator; Works Progress Administration. Alden Stevens, Whither the American Indian, Survey Magazine of Social Interpretation, March 1, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural address, Saturday, March 4, 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, State of the Union January, 1934 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Commonwealth Club Address, delivered 23 Sept 1932, San Francisco, CA Huey P. Long, Radio Speech - Share Our Wealth, (as entered into the 12 March 1935 Congressional Records) Broadcast 7 March 1935, National Broadcasting Company, New York Cesar Chavez Gets Tractored off the Land (1936) A salesman Goes On Relief (1930s) A Boy in Chicago Writes to President Roosevelt (1936) Hard Times in a North Carolina Cotton Mill ( ) The Agreeable FDR (1949) Coffee for the Veterans (1933) FDR the Administrative Artist (1948) Senator Huey Long Wants Every Man to be a King (1934) Father Coughlin Demands Social Justice ( ) Norman Thomas Proposes Socialism (1934) Dr. Francis E. Townshend Promotes Old Age Pensions (1933) Tom Girdler Girds for Battle (1937) John Lewis Lambastes Girdler (1937) Backcountry Poets Reflect on the CCC (134-35) A Daughter of the Palins Struggles with the Dust Storms (1934) FDR Creates the Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) Roosevelt Promotes Natural Resources Planning (1935) Roosevelt Dedicates the Boulder Dam (1935)

5 Harold Ickes Defends his Chief (1937) Dorothy Thompson Dissents (1937) Republicans Roast Roosevelt (1940) Assessing the New Deal ( ) Tennessee Valley Authority Act (1933) National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) National Labor Relations Act (1935) Social Security Act (1935) FDR s Speech in Defense of the New Deal (1936) Readings: The Worst Hard Time by Timothy Egan The Way We Lived: The Discovery of Poverty by Caroline Bird Point Counterpoint: Chapter 18 Should the Government give Direct Support to Artists and Writers NextText: American Studies Franklin D. Roosevelt by Doris Kearns Goodwin A People s History of the United States: Chapter 15 Self Help in Hard Times Taking Sides Clashing Views on 20 th Century American History Issue 6 Did the New Deal Prolong the Depression? Measuring and Tracking Learning Goals Measuring Progress of Learning Goals Tracking Student Progress Daily checks for understanding Weekly averages of Learning Goal Daily demonstrators of learning to be completed for each Lesson objective objective demonstrations of learning Assessing the progress of the Learning Goals Students complete formative assessments during and after the completion of each learning goal. Formative assessment consists of: A Multiple choice formative assessment at the completion of the learning goal Chapter reading and guided reading questions Formative assignments throughout the learning goal Socratic seminars and class discussions on the primary sources and secondary readings associated with the learning goal Measuring and Tracking Unit Goals Measuring the Unit Goal Summative Assessment Document Based Question Assessment Student Reflective Blog Posts Measuring Progress to Unit Goal: Tracking Student Progress Weekly graphing of student progress on learning goal formative assessments Students score proficient or advanced on 80% of learning goal formative assessments Students score proficient or advanced on 80% formative assignments Students score proficient or advanced on 100% of take home practice Summative Assessments Standard Assessment Students will complete a standard multiple choice assessment on Learning Goals 1 and 2 consisting of 50 multiple choice and short answer questions. Writing Assessment In a 2-4 page essay explain why the economy collapsed during the 1930s. Compare and contrast Hoover and Roosevelt s differing tactics to deal with the depression.

6 Blog Post 8: Blog Post 9: Blog Posts Blog Site: The economic policies of the federal government from 1921 to 1929 were responsible for the nation s depression of the 1930s. Assess the validity of this generalization, Did the new Deal Prolong the Great Depression? Unit 2: Learning Goals and Lesson Objectives Learning Goal Lesson Objectives LG 1 LO 1A SWBAT analyze the domestic political conservatism and economic prosperity of the 1920s. LO 1B SWBAT explain the Republican administrations policies of isolationism, disarmament, and high tariff protectionism. LO 1C SWBAT compare the easygoing corruption of the Harding administration with the straight-laced uprightness of his successor Coolidge. LO 1D SWBAT describe the international economic tangle of loans, war debts, and reparations, and indicate how the United States dealt with it. LO 1E SWBAT discuss how Hoover went from being a symbol of the twenties business success to a symbol of Depression failure. LO 1F SWBAT determine what caused the Great Depression. LO 1G SWBAT explain how the stock-market crash set off the deep and prolonged Great Depression. LO 1H SWBAT indicate how Hoover s response to the depression was a combination of old-time individualism and the new view of federal responsibility for the economy. LG 2 LO 2A SWBAT describe the cause and effects of the Dust Bowl on Rural America during the depression. LO 2B SWBAT describe the rise of Franklin Roosevelt to the presidency in LO 2C SWBAT explain how the early New Deal pursued the three R s of relief, recovery, and reform. LO 2D SWBAT describe the New Deal s effect on labor and labor organizations. LO 2E SWBAT discuss the early New Deal s efforts to organize business and agriculture in the NRA and the AAA and indicate what replaced those programs after they were declared unconstitutional. LO 2F SWBAT describe the supreme Court s hostility to many New Deal Programs and explain why FDR s Court Packing plan failed LO 2G SWBAT explain how Roosevelt mobilized a New Deal political coalition that included the South, Catholics, Jews, African American s, and women. LO 2H SWBAT discuss the changes the New Deal underwent in the late thirties and explain the growing opposition to it. LO 2I SWBAT analyze the arguments presented by both critics and defenders of the New Deal Unit 2: Demonstrations of Learning Learning Goal Demonstration of Learning

7 LG 1 LO 1A GSA: Using a primary source, explain the cause of the economic prosperity of the 1920s. LO 1B GSA: Why did the Republican administrations of the 1920s pullback from international affairs? LO 1C GSA: Compare and contrast the Presidencies of Harding and Coolidge. LO 1D GSA: Explain the hardships behind the United States foreign policies after World War I. LO 1E GSA: Describe the reasons behind the changing perception of Hoover during the early days of the Depression. LO 1F GSA: What caused the Great Depression? LO 1G GSA: What were the causes and effects of the crash of 1929? LO 1H GSA: Explain Hoover s policies during the early days of the Depression and why they were ineffective. LG 2 LO 2A GSA: What caused the Dust Bowl? What did it do to the hopes of rural America during the depression? LO 2B GSA: Why was FDR able to defeat Hoover in the election of 1932? LO 2C GSA: What role did the three R s of relief, recovery, and reform, play in the hearts and minds of Americans during the Depression? LO 2D GSA: How did labor react to the New Deal policies of Roosevelt? LO 2E GSA: Why was the discuss NRA and the AAA declared unconstitutional? Would you have made the same decision? Justify. LO 2F GSA: Why did FDR s Court Packing plan fail? LO 2G GSA: How was FDR able to create such a broad political coalition around the policies of the New Deal? LO 2H GSA: What were the arguments that the opposition garnered around the New Deal? Would you have supported the New Deal knowing what you know now? Justify. LO 2I Create a chart showing the opposition and arguments for the New Deal Instructional Calendar February 10 Superficial Prosperity and the Economy of the 1920s February 11 Hoover and the Crash The election of 1932 February 12 February 13 February 14 LG 1 Formative Assessment February 17 February 18 February 19 February 2 February 21 LG 2 Formative Assessment

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