2016 JANUARY THE CENTENARY CELEBRATION YEAR THE LONG ROAD TO IRELAND S INDEPENDENCE

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "2016 JANUARY THE CENTENARY CELEBRATION YEAR THE LONG ROAD TO IRELAND S INDEPENDENCE"

Transcription

1 ANÁIR 2016 J EANÁIR 2016 JANUARY THE CENTENARY CELEBRATION YEAR THE LONG ROAD TO IRELAND S INDEPENDENCE 198 years ago, the statue Hibernia was placed above the General Post Office (GPO) in Dublin. With spear in one hand, and the Irish harp in the other, Hibernia had been witness to many revolts, as well as to The Great Hunger of But it was the Easter Rising of 1916 that brought massive destruction to the GPO building upon which Hibernia has stood. The Land The Emerald Isle - Ireland - has long been coveted by others. Most groups did not come to conquer, but to settle - survive and blend in with the dominant celtic culture, and its system of government known as Brehon Law. In all agrarian societies - he who owns the land, makes the rules. This was no different in Ireland. It was why the Vikings came in the 8th century and why they founded Dublin-Wexford- Waterford-Cork-Limerick towns. It was why the Battle Of Clontarf under Brian Boru was fought against them on Easter 1014 AD. The Danish Vikings were defeated that day and remained as a group that soon blended in with the Irish clanns. In 1169 AD the Cambro-Normans arrived in Ireland by invitation of the recently exiled regional king Diarmaid MacMurchada (Kavanagh) of Leinster province. They too would blend in with and marry women of the Irish clanns becoming what historians called more Irish than the Irish. Not wanting a 2nd Norman kingdom forming in Ireland, Henry II of England (father of Richard the Lion Heart & Prince John) arrived in Waterford in 1171 AD with a massive naval fleet and Anglo- Norman army. He was the first Anglo-Norman King of England to ever set foot on Irish lands. How many persons of Irish descent know that Henry II then awarded his son Prince John in 1185 AD, all Irish land under the Crown s control, along with the title Dominus Hiberniae - Lord Of Ireland? The same John of Robin Hood tales, who built his castle on the River Shannon in Limerick in 1200 AD. His castle was meant to show that Anglo-Normans controlled Ireland, not the Cambro-Normans. (Tourists today still consider his castle as the best example of 12th century Anglo-Norman castles.) These facts are why we strongly urge persons of Irish descent in this year of the Centenary of the Easter Rising 1916 to discover more of Ireland s true past history. This would include persons of the Irish Diaspóra whose ancestral connections are to the Four Provinces of the Emerald Isle. Whether child or adult, you must first understand the past to truly understand the present. The 19th century increased many times over the hardships in Ireland felt by most, with no relief or concern from the Queen in London. In April 1916, those who held English title to Ireland s land remained the dominant problem, as did continual religious discrimination. Counter that with the late 19th century surge of the Gaelic League, the Irish language and lost heritage, all giving rise to inevitable conflict. The Seven Signatories of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic were men of these times who cherished their ancestors and their lost freedom. The men & women of 1916 who faced the power of the British Empire, were not naïve, but realists who knew Ireland s independence would come at a high cost to them. Continued On Next Page

2 As previously stated most who came to Ireland assimilated into the dominant Irish culture. But that was never the case in speaking of the Anglo-Normans. They came to take, to subjugate, to pass penal laws upon the faithful, and to interchange English culture over Irish culture. That would also include outlawing the Irish language, the Irish gaelic spelling of surnames, Irish regional kings; with the complete submission of the Irish to anglicization in every corner of the 32 counties. When Michael Collins later stated to the Dáil Éireann in 1921, that he had given Ireland something she had wanted for the past 700 years, he was not far off in his dates. Take 1921 and go back to the building of Prince John s Anglo-Norman castle (1200 AD) on the River Shannon near Limerick, and you tally up 721 years of English (Anglo-Norman) rule in the Emerald Isle. As you start to read the Proclamation Of The Irish Republic beginning on this page keep in mind - at least 36 generations ( the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition") of Irish - lived under the domination of an alien government as was so stated in the 1916 Proclamation. Continued On Next Page

3 the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland - again the land and its ownership loomed large in the 1916 rebellion. That was because during the 293 years of the Penal Laws, only persons of protestant faiths could own the land, catholics were forbidden. ( The Bryans of Jenkinstown Kilkenny had been a prominent catholic family whose land would have been lost had it not been for the protestant Marquises of Ormonde whose family held the Bryans title secretly passing it down generationally for over a hundred years till able to return the land to the Bryans - The Priest Hunters by Colin Murphy, p.137) A protestant caught holding title to lands actually owned by their catholic friends, would suffer forfeiture of his/her lands and possible imprisonment. Our research found Britain tracked for a century the non-anglican protestant sects of landowners looking for deceivers. About 90% of the population were catholic, meaning a minority held the control of Irish destinies in their hands. Continued On Next Page

4 The Seven Signatories to the Proclamation had to believe that their cause was just and that a free independent Ireland would eventually exist. Otherwise their sacrifices would have been meaningless. They also advanced the concept of equality & voting for women (suffrage), a revolutionary concept at the time which probably led to more of the unnerving of the establishment in both Ireland and England. With a world war being fought, England had long assumed that Ireland was theirs to rule as they wished. They gave no credence to an independent Ireland let alone lose Irishmen as potential soldier recruits. Once they realized that several important locations had been taken over in Dublin by rebels, they ordered 20,000 troops, artillery units and gunboats to Dublin to put down the Easter Rising revolt. When Patrick Pearse came out of the GPO to read the Proclamation Of The Irish Republic, April 24, 1916 at 12:04 P.M., who could imagine at that time that this group of rebels (none of which were professional soldiers) could shake the British Empire at its very roots. Monarchists shouted insults at him and at the rebel strongholds. To historians, this revolution was somewhat similar to that of the earlier American Revolution; where Tories felt the need to put down the American patriots who fought for their freedom and independence from the king. Continued on Next Page

5 Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) Founded in the mid-19th century it was called various names such as Fenian Movement in March 1867, when an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow British rule failed. In 1871, two of its leaders were released from prison, Jeremiah O Donovan Rossa and John Devoy. At that time it began a reorganization creating an eleven-man supreme council. The new council was considered the government of the Irish republic by the IRB. However there were no new rebellions planned at that time. Around 1910, Thomas Clarke helped rejuvenate the leadership of the IRB by bringing in invigorated new leaders to help recruit new members, and take advantage of insurrection whenever it might be advantageous. By 1912, John Redmond leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party began to support a bill detailing Home Rule for Ireland. In March 1913 Pádraig Pearse was one of 4 speakers who spoke in favor of the bill. Redmond (IPP), Devlin (Northern Nationalists), Eoin MacNeill (Gaelic League) were the others. Opposition to Home Rule came in the form of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) formed in They wanted nothing to do with Home Rule. Because of them, some say, the Irish Volunteers (I.V.) were formed. However, years later others like Éamonn de Valera disputed that stating instead that the Irish Volunteers were the next logical step that was needed at the time. Irish Volunteers (I.V.) versus Redmond and MacNeill In November 1913 the Irish Volunteers were formally led by John Redmond. Pearse was in attendance as well and found that Redmond was more interested in his own base of power and Home Rule, than in the freedom and independence of Ireland. Eventually, Redmond s support of British efforts in WWI convinced many I.V. members to join the British army believing Home Rule would come sooner. This caused a split in the I.V., with Redmond moving on creating the Irish National Volunteers (I.N.V.) and Eoin MacNeill taking over as Chief of Staff of the I.V. Meanwhile, men like Clarke & Pearse began to take control of the I.V. through the secret military council (IRB) who believed rebellion was needed now, with England distracted by WWI. In March 1916 MacNeill suspected his power at risk (through Pearse and Clarke) and wrote a wordy 11-page letter to them supporting his stand to arm and train the I.V., kill only those persons who tried to take his arms, and use the I.V. as a defensive army if attacked by Britain stating rebellion was equal to murder. He promised to stop any move towards rebellion. MacNeill did just that on April 22nd when he issued his infamous countermand order (left) for the I.V. to stand down; followed on April 23rd with a notice printed in the newspaper (right) stating the same order to the I.V. nationwide. Volunteers completely deceived. All orders for tomorrow Sunday are entirely cancelled. His motives and reasoning, appeared personal. His actions kept most I.V. confused, and remaining at home. He played no role in the Easter Rising week. He did go to prison, but was released in Historians believe MacNeill had put his self-interest over Ireland s chance for freedom. Continued on Next Page

6 Fenian Jeremiah O Donovan Rossa s Funeral Pádraig Pearse gave his famous speech at the funeral on August 1, Our foes are strong and wise and wary; but, strong and wise and wary as they are, they cannot undo the miracles of God who ripens in the hearts of young men the seeds sown by the young men of a former generation. And the seeds sown by the young men of 1865 and 67 are coming to their miraculous ripening today. Rulers and defenders of the Realm had need to be wary if they would guard against such processes. Life springs from death; and from the graves of patriot men and women spring living nations. The defenders of this Realm have worked well in secret and in the open. They think that they have pacified Ireland. They think that they have purchased half of us and intimidated the other half. They think that they have foreseen everything, think that they have provided against everything; but, the fools, the fools, the fools! They have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never be at peace. ~ ~ ~ No doubt MacNeill s orders suppressed the turnout for the Easter Rising involving the Volunteers 10,000 members. Volunteers nationwide were confused - with approx. only 1,200 reporting. Continued on Next Page

7 2016 Ken Hannon Larson; Teach Tábhairne Fógra.Com

Police and the activities of Extremists: the funeral of O Donovan Rossa

Police and the activities of Extremists: the funeral of O Donovan Rossa Police and the activities of Extremists: the funeral of O Donovan Rossa Senior Cycle Lessons This section contains work on three separate documents associated with funeral of O Donovan Rossa in 1915. The

More information

Those who Set the Stage Republicans and those who would resort to physical force John Devoy, Joseph McGarrity and Clan na Gael

Those who Set the Stage Republicans and those who would resort to physical force John Devoy, Joseph McGarrity and Clan na Gael 3.0 3.2 3.2.2 Those who Set the Stage Republicans and those who would resort to physical force John Devoy, Joseph McGarrity and Clan na Gael Clan na Gael directly contributed to the Rising by providing

More information

Of necessity, this presentation is limited and selective. Those wishing to study the Rising and its context in more detail may find the brief

Of necessity, this presentation is limited and selective. Those wishing to study the Rising and its context in more detail may find the brief 11.0 Aftermath In addition to the fifteen executed in early May, 97 others of those tried by court-martial were sentenced to death. Alarmed by the shift taking place in public opinion in Ireland and by

More information

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LESSON 1 // BEFORE THE REVOLUTION EXTENSION ACTIVITY 1 EXTENSION ACTIVITY 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LESSON 1 // BEFORE THE REVOLUTION EXTENSION ACTIVITY 1 EXTENSION ACTIVITY 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS PRONI QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LESSON 1 // BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 1. Explain the difference between constitutional and revolutionary nationalism. Constitutional nationalists wanted to reform the union using

More information

IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY

IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY Key Focus: Why is Ireland a divided nation? Level Effort (1-5) House Points (/10) Comment: Target: Ipad/Internet research task Find a map of the British Isles and sketch or print

More information

Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is created. John Redmond & Arthur Griffith 1922) The Ulster Covenant, 28 September 1912

Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is created. John Redmond & Arthur Griffith 1922) The Ulster Covenant, 28 September 1912 rthern Ireland rthern Ireland is created After centuries of Anglo-rman/English/British involvement, the Kingdom of Ireland was incorporated into the UK in 1800 by Act of Union. Ireland s relationship to/within

More information

Ireland The course will follow the following structure:

Ireland The course will follow the following structure: Ireland 1815-1921 The focus of this unit is on examining what happened in Ireland after the signing of the Act of Union in 1800, from the rise of Daniel O Connell and the Catholic Association to the partition

More information

IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY

IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY Key Focus: Why is Ireland a divided nation? Level Effort (1-5) House Points (/10) Comment: Target: Ipad/Internet research task Find a map of the British Isles and sketch or print

More information

20/03/2018. A short Tour of Ireland

20/03/2018. A short Tour of Ireland A short Tour of Ireland 1 Traditional Irish dancing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxb7peecwq0 local festival https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hggazbde454 riverdance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9kkbu4ystm

More information

The British Parliament

The British Parliament Chapter 1 The Act of Union Ireland had had its own parliament and government in the 1780s but after the Act of Union 1800 Irish Members of Parliament had to travel to London and sit in Westminster with

More information

Michael Collins. Presented by. Alexandra Wiltheis & Katrin Schmidt

Michael Collins. Presented by. Alexandra Wiltheis & Katrin Schmidt Michael Collins Presented by Alexandra Wiltheis & Katrin Schmidt Michael Collins Life of Michael Collins The Anglo-Irish- Treaty The movie Discussion Life of Michael Collins I born on 16 October 1890 in

More information

Dear Delegates and Moderators,

Dear Delegates and Moderators, Dear Delegates and Moderators, Welcome to NAIMUN LV and more specifically welcome to the Royal Irish Constabulary! The staff of NAIMUN LV has been working day and night to make this the most rewarding

More information

Ireland Lesson plans, worksheets & other resources. Gary Hillyard. Ashfield School, Kirkby-in-Ashfield

Ireland Lesson plans, worksheets & other resources. Gary Hillyard. Ashfield School, Kirkby-in-Ashfield 'Ireland in Schools' Nottingham Pilot Scheme School of Education, U. of Nottingham Ireland 1801-1921 Lesson plans, worksheets & other resources Booklet 11b Topic 10b: The rise of Sinn Fein (Lessons 32-34)

More information

The story of Winifred Carney. Key Stage Two Learning Resource

The story of Winifred Carney. Key Stage Two Learning Resource The story of Winifred Carney 9 781910 341056 Key Stage Two Learning Resource GLOSSARY Cumann na mban An auxiliary women s organisation that supported the work of the Irish Volunteers. Branches

More information

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IRISH HISTORY

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IRISH HISTORY A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IRISH HISTORY The Coming of the Gaels to the Battle of the Boyne [Compiled by Marc Conner, Washington & Lee Department of English 2002] Date by 1 st c. B.C. Event or Action Peoples

More information

Introduction. Nationalists, who wanted Home Rule, had been committed to the war by John Redmond, leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP).

Introduction. Nationalists, who wanted Home Rule, had been committed to the war by John Redmond, leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP). Introduction In the years leading up to the First World War, Nationalists and Unionists were opposed over the issue of Irish Home Rule. The Nationalists wanted their own Parliament in Dublin, while Unionists

More information

The 1916 Easter Rising and Irish Independence by Danielle Mazzo and Kerry Schaefer

The 1916 Easter Rising and Irish Independence by Danielle Mazzo and Kerry Schaefer The 1916 Easter Rising and Irish Independence by Danielle Mazzo and Kerry Schaefer Irish history offers a case study in colonialism, prolonged resistance and eventual triumph. It is important as a counter

More information

CHAPTER 1. Isaac Butt and the start of Home Rule, Ireland in the United Kingdom. Nationalists. Unionists

CHAPTER 1. Isaac Butt and the start of Home Rule, Ireland in the United Kingdom. Nationalists. Unionists RW_HISTORY_BOOK1 06/07/2007 14:02 Page 1 CHAPTER 1 Isaac Butt and the start of Home Rule, 1870-1879 Ireland in the United Kingdom In 1800, the Act of Union made Ireland part of the United Kingdom of Great

More information

The Home Rule Party 1870 to 1914

The Home Rule Party 1870 to 1914 The Home Rule Party The Home Rule Party (at various times known as The Home Rule League, The Home Government Association, The Irish Parliamentary Party) campaigned for 'Home Rule' for Ireland (an Irish

More information

Home Rule and Ireland. Ireland at the turn of the century

Home Rule and Ireland. Ireland at the turn of the century Home Rule and Ireland Ireland at the turn of the century Ireland at the turn of the century Was a rural country (60% lived in the country side) Only area with much industry was around Belfast. Since 1800

More information

file:///c /Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Michael/Desktop/REFS/Ready%20to%20do/10_10_05/THENORTHERNIRELANDCONFLICT.html

file:///c /Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Michael/Desktop/REFS/Ready%20to%20do/10_10_05/THENORTHERNIRELANDCONFLICT.html THE NORTHERN IRELAND CONFLICT History of The Troubles Hearing about the Conflict in Northern Ireland in the media it mainly seems to be a sectarian disagreement between the Catholic and Protestant denomination.

More information

Culture Clash: Northern Ireland Nonfiction STUDENT PAGE 403 TEXT. Conflict in Northern Ireland: A Background Essay. John Darby

Culture Clash: Northern Ireland Nonfiction STUDENT PAGE 403 TEXT. Conflict in Northern Ireland: A Background Essay. John Darby TEXT STUDENT PAGE 403 Conflict in Northern Ireland: A Background Essay John Darby This chapter is in three sections: first, an outline of the development of the Irish conflict; second, brief descriptions

More information

When was Britain closest to revolution in ?

When was Britain closest to revolution in ? When was Britain closest to revolution in 1815-1832? Today I will practise Putting dates of when Industrial protest happened into chronological order Explaining the extent of historical change that took

More information

Nationalism in Europe Section 1

Nationalism in Europe Section 1 Preview Italian Unification Starting Points Map: Europe,1815 Main Idea / Reading Focus Stirrings of Nationalism Quick Facts: Elements of Nationalism The Path Toward Unity Garibaldi and the Red Shirts Preview,

More information

James Craig MP, 1 st Viscount Craigavon ( )

James Craig MP, 1 st Viscount Craigavon ( ) James Craig MP, 1 st Viscount Craigavon (1871-1940) The strength of Britain rests in the value of her citizenship, and if her citizenship is worth anything at all it is certainly worth fighting for. Image

More information

Someone, somehow, somewhere must strike the first blow for Ireland.

Someone, somehow, somewhere must strike the first blow for Ireland. James Fintan Lalor Someone, somehow, somewhere must strike the first blow for Ireland. James Fintan Lalor was born on the 10th March 1807 at Tenakill, Raheen Co Laois the eldest son of twelve children

More information

Nationalism in Europe Section 1

Nationalism in Europe Section 1 Preview Italian Unification Starting Points Map: Europe,1815 Main Idea / Reading Focus Stirrings of Nationalism Quick Facts: Elements of Nationalism The Path Toward Unity Garibaldi and the Red Shirts Preview,

More information

Texas Independence

Texas Independence Texas Independence Introduction WARM UP: Some Canadians are angry that the state of Maine, prominently located between Quebec and New Brunswick, is part of the United States, and should be given up to

More information

Study Guide for Test representative government system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them

Study Guide for Test representative government system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them Study Guide for Test 4 1. In general, who could vote in the English colonies? Free men, over 21 years old, who owned a certain amount of land. Sometimes had to be church members. 2. representative government

More information

Before Hegemony. Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization

Before Hegemony. Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization Before Hegemony Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization James A Morrison 25 March 2013 1 Death of the Earl of Chatham By JS Copley [1778] à I argue that that

More information

Ethno Nationalist Terror

Ethno Nationalist Terror ESSAI Volume 14 Article 25 Spring 2016 Ethno Nationalist Terror Dan Loris College of DuPage Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai Recommended Citation Loris, Dan (2016) "Ethno Nationalist

More information

Subverting the Empire: Irish Nationalists and British Intelligence, Clare Norcio, Brandeis University

Subverting the Empire: Irish Nationalists and British Intelligence, Clare Norcio, Brandeis University Subverting the Empire: Irish Nationalists and British Intelligence, 1916-1922 Clare Norcio, Brandeis University This paper has two sections. The first is an overview of women s participation in the 1916

More information

Mabel FitzGerald Correspondence

Mabel FitzGerald Correspondence Mabel FitzGerald Correspondence Desmond and Mabel FitzGerald Papers, UCD Archives School of History and Archives, University College Dublin School of History and Archives, University College Dublin. 1

More information

STANDARD VUS.4c THE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE COLONISTS CONCERNING SEPARATION FROM BRITAIN

STANDARD VUS.4c THE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE COLONISTS CONCERNING SEPARATION FROM BRITAIN STANDARD VUS.4c THE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE COLONISTS CONCERNING SEPARATION FROM BRITAIN The ideas of the Enlightenment and the perceived unfairness of British policies provoked debate and resistance

More information

Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence

Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence Non-fiction: Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence During the years right before the Revolutionary War, more

More information

Ireland, Irish Eire (âr u)

Ireland, Irish Eire (âr u) Ireland, Irish Eire (âr u) Ireland, Irish Eire (âr u) [to it are related the poetic Erin and perhaps the Latin Hibernia], island, 32,598 sq mi (84,429 sq km), second largest of the British Isles. The island

More information

The Early Days of the Revolution. AHI Unit 1 Part C

The Early Days of the Revolution. AHI Unit 1 Part C The Early Days of the Revolution AHI Unit 1 Part C Breed s Hill or Bunker Hill? Following the Battles of Lexington & Concord, the British reinforced their position in Boston and brought in additional troops

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 3 The Rise of Napoleon and the Napoleonic Wars ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What causes revolution? How does revolution change society? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary capable having or showing ability

More information

England and the 13 Colonies: Growing Apart

England and the 13 Colonies: Growing Apart England and the 13 Colonies: Growing Apart The 13 Colonies: The Basics 1607 to 1776 Image: Public Domain Successful and Loyal Colonies By 1735, the 13 colonies are prosperous and growing quickly Colonists

More information

Leaving Certificate History The Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition,

Leaving Certificate History The Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition, Leaving Certificate History The Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition, 1912-1949 Please see Teachers Notes for explanations, additional activities, and tips and suggestions. Levels Language

More information

Department of History University of Wisconsin -- Madison Semester II, AY

Department of History University of Wisconsin -- Madison Semester II, AY Department of History University of Wisconsin -- Madison Semester II, AY 2008-2009 History 600, Seminar 15 (Tuesday, 11 AM 1 PM, 5255 Humanities) Irish and Scottish Migrations Thomas J. Archdeacon, Professor

More information

New Nation. establishing the government of the US during the 1780s & 1790s

New Nation. establishing the government of the US during the 1780s & 1790s New Nation establishing the government of the US during the 1780s & 1790s CREATING THE CONSTITUTION From the Articles of Confederation to the Bill of Rights (1780s) The Articles of Confederation After

More information

Republic of Ireland. History. Jorge Muñoz Rodenas. Press CTRL+L. History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 p. 1/11

Republic of Ireland. History. Jorge Muñoz Rodenas. Press CTRL+L. History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 p. 1/11 Republic of Ireland History Jorge Muñoz Rodenas Press CTRL+L History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 p. 1/11 Index History of Eire 1. Early history 2. Early Christian Ireland 3. Early medieval

More information

EOIN MACNEILL ADDITIONAL PAPERS LA 1 / N. UCD Archives

EOIN MACNEILL ADDITIONAL PAPERS LA 1 / N. UCD Archives EOIN MACNEILL ADDITIONAL PAPERS LA 1 / N UCD Archives archives @ucd.ie www.ucd.ie/archives T + 353 1 716 7555 F + 353 1 716 1146 1980 University College Dublin. All rights reserved ii LA1/N Eoin MacNeill

More information

Fighting for whom ?

Fighting for whom ? Ireland in Schools Blackpool Pilot Scheme Learning & Achievement, CYPD National Secondary Strategy - Thinking Skills/Leading in Learning Also Assessment for Learning Fighting for whom - 1916? The Easter

More information

Those who Set the Stage Those concerned with Home Rule (for and against) Carson and the Ulster unionists

Those who Set the Stage Those concerned with Home Rule (for and against) Carson and the Ulster unionists 3.0 3.1 3.1.4 Those who Set the Stage Those concerned with Home Rule (for and against) Carson and the Ulster unionists Carson and the Ulster unionists contributed to the Rising by returning the threat

More information

LESSON ONE: THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

LESSON ONE: THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION LESSON ONE: THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Overview OBJECTIVES Students will be able to: Identify and describe elements of the philosophy of government expressed in the

More information

The Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers If men were angels, no government would be necessary. James Madison During the Revolutionary War, Americans set up a new national government. They feared a strong central government.

More information

NOTES: People of the Revolution (Part 1)

NOTES: People of the Revolution (Part 1) Name: Class Period: NOTES: People of the Revolution (Part 1) George Washington 1. Commander In Chief of Continental Army 2. Led colonies to victory over the English Agreed to lead the Army but refused

More information

Celebrating 100 years of. Votes for Women was also the year in which the first woman was elected to the British Parliament at Westminster.

Celebrating 100 years of. Votes for Women was also the year in which the first woman was elected to the British Parliament at Westminster. Celebrating 100 years of Votes for Women 1918 was the first time Irish women were permitted by law to vote and run in parliamentary elections. 1918 1918 was also the year in which the first woman was elected

More information

Part Read about the regions of great Britain and Northern Ireland. Briefly describe its two regions:

Part Read about the regions of great Britain and Northern Ireland. Briefly describe its two regions: Social Studies 9 Unit 3 Worksheet Chapter 2, Part 1. 1. Democracy and have only been won after much. Many Canadian democratic traditions come originally from. The was signed in 1215 and recognized individual

More information

THE IRISH IDENTITY: INDEPENDENCE, HISTORY, & LITERATURE

THE IRISH IDENTITY: INDEPENDENCE, HISTORY, & LITERATURE NOTES ON: THE IRISH IDENTITY: INDEPENDENCE, HISTORY, & LITERATURE Lecture 3: The Penal Laws and the Protestant Ascendancy. 1. Restoration of the Monarchy June 14, 2017 Kate & Dan The radical Puritan Oliver

More information

Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence

Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence Non-fiction: Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence Colonization and Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence During the years right before the Revolutionary War, more

More information

Important dates (International, national, Cork)

Important dates (International, national, Cork) Important dates 1913-1923 (International, national, Cork) Date Event 31 Jan 1913 Formation of Ulster Volunteer Force July 1913 Publication of Ireland, Germany and the next war by Roger Casement 8 Sept

More information

To run away or leave someone in their time of need.

To run away or leave someone in their time of need. Desert To run away or leave someone in their time of need. Inflation Rapid rise in prices. Blockade Barrier preventing the movement of troops and supplies. Tributary River or stream that flows into a larger

More information

1- England Became Great Britain in the early 1700s. 2- Economic relationships Great Britain imposed strict control over trade.

1- England Became Great Britain in the early 1700s. 2- Economic relationships Great Britain imposed strict control over trade. 1- England Became Great Britain in the early 1700s 2- Economic relationships Great Britain imposed strict control over trade. Great Britain taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War Colonies traded

More information

Grade 7 History Mr. Norton

Grade 7 History Mr. Norton Grade 7 History Mr. Norton Section 1: A Loose Confederation Section 2: The Constitutional Convention Section 3: Ideas Behind the Constitution Section 4: Ratification and the Bill of Rights Grade 7 History

More information

Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American

Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American American Revolution Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American Revolution. - Tea Act (Boston Tea Party, British East India Company, Sons of Liberty,

More information

Antebellum Politics. Lagniappe. Section2

Antebellum Politics. Lagniappe. Section2 Section2 Antebellum Politics Top: Jacques Villere was a Creole who was elected as the second governor of Louisiana. Above: Anglo American Thomas Bolling Robertson was the third governor of the state. As

More information

What is the. United Kingdom? SCOTLAND (Alba) (1603, 1707)

What is the. United Kingdom? SCOTLAND (Alba) (1603, 1707) Great Britain is one of the two islands of the British Isles, the other being Ireland. Great Britain is made of 3 nations: SCOTLAND (Alba) (1603, 1707) What is the United Kingdom? Type: Unitary parliamentary

More information

NATIONALISM CASE STUDIES: ITALY AND GERMANY

NATIONALISM CASE STUDIES: ITALY AND GERMANY NATIONALISM CASE STUDIES: ITALY AND GERMANY NATIONALISM Nationalism is the belief that one s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and

More information

The History of the Huguenots. Western Civilization II Marshall High School Mr. Cline Unit ThreeDA

The History of the Huguenots. Western Civilization II Marshall High School Mr. Cline Unit ThreeDA The History of the Huguenots Western Civilization II Marshall High School Mr. Cline Unit ThreeDA Reformation Comes to France When the Reformation came to France, its message spread quickly. By 1534, there

More information

U.S. HISTORY I FLASHCARDS and DEFINITIONS

U.S. HISTORY I FLASHCARDS and DEFINITIONS U.S. HISTORY I FLASHCARDS and DEFINITIONS As of November 16, 2015 UNIT 1: The Road towards Revolution District Vocabulary List #1 (Items 1 through 10) 1. ECONOMIC relating to money and resources of a country

More information

Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission

Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission 2016. S.24 WARNING You must return this paper with your answer book. Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission JUNIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2016 HISTORY HIGHER LEVEL (180 MARKS) WEDNESDAY,

More information

Leaving Certificate history case study Anglo-Irish Treaty ebook Read Michael Collins and Éamon de Valera s secret correspondence

Leaving Certificate history case study Anglo-Irish Treaty ebook Read Michael Collins and Éamon de Valera s secret correspondence Leaving Certificate history case study Anglo-Irish Treaty ebook Read Michael Collins and Éamon de Valera s secret correspondence The Glittering Gates, by Arthur Booth. Dublin Opinion, 1921. The Royal Irish

More information

The Early Republic

The Early Republic The Early Republic 1789-1828 Essential Questions What challenges faced the new nation under the Constitution? How did the first American political parties emerge? How did the Supreme Court establish its

More information

Irish Republicanism. A Brief History

Irish Republicanism. A Brief History Irish Republicanism A Brief History 1791-1803: Kindling the Flame English colonialism in Ireland, and Irish resistance to that rule, date back many centuries. But it was the United Irishmen who first articulated

More information

An Improbable French Leader in America By ReadWorks

An Improbable French Leader in America By ReadWorks An Improbable French Leader in America An Improbable French Leader in America By ReadWorks The Marquis de Lafayette was an improbable leader in the American Revolutionary War. Born into the French aristocracy

More information

Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission

Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission 2007. M99 Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2007 HISTORY - HIGHER LEVEL FIELD OF STUDY: LATER MODERN, 1815-1993 Written examination: 400 marks

More information

World History Irish Independence

World History Irish Independence World History Irish Independence Name: Date At the beginning of the 20 th century Great Britain was an imperialist power for 58 different nations throughout the world. One of the nations that was part

More information

Lessons from Northern Ireland

Lessons from Northern Ireland Lessons from Northern Ireland Paddy Hillyard Queen s University Belfast, Northern Ireland Structure of talk A little history Open rebellions and campaigns Origins and characteristics of 1968-1998 conflict

More information

KS3 Bitesize. Oliver Cromwell. 1 of6

KS3 Bitesize. Oliver Cromwell. 1 of6 BBC - KS3 Bitesize History- Oliver Cromwell : Revision, Print http://www. bbc. co. uk/bitesize/ks3/history /tudors _stuarts/oliver_ crom... KS3 Bitesize Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell is one of the most

More information

Washington Leads a New Nation. Chapter 7 Section 1

Washington Leads a New Nation. Chapter 7 Section 1 Washington Leads a New Nation Chapter 7 Section 1 The First President In January 1789 each of the 11 states that had passed the Constitution sent electors to choose the first president. These delegates

More information

NORTHERN IRELAND: A DIVIDED COMMUNITY, CABINET PAPERS OF THE STORMONT ADMINISTRATION

NORTHERN IRELAND: A DIVIDED COMMUNITY, CABINET PAPERS OF THE STORMONT ADMINISTRATION http://gdc.gale.com/archivesunbound/ NORTHERN IRELAND: A DIVIDED COMMUNITY, 1921-1972 CABINET PAPERS OF THE STORMONT ADMINISTRATION The history of Ireland in the twentieth century was dominated by the

More information

You Say You Want a Revolution

You Say You Want a Revolution You Say You Want a Revolution By Saul Straussman, Big History Project, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.21.16 Word Count 2,403 TOP: The storming of the Bastille in France, 1789. MIDDLE: Patrick Henry giving

More information

Study Center in Dublin, Ireland

Study Center in Dublin, Ireland Study Center in Dublin, Ireland Course name: The Shaping of Modern Ireland Course number: HIST 3001 IRSU Programs offering course: Irish Studies Language of instruction: English U.S. Semester Credits:

More information

Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman Perspectives

Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman Perspectives STANDARD 10.1.1 Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman Perspectives Specific Objective: Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of

More information

The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4. Napoleon s Fall

The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4. Napoleon s Fall Main Idea Napoleon s Fall After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe. 1) Disaster and Defeat /The Russian Campaign

More information

11/29/2010 [ ] 1776]

11/29/2010 [ ] 1776] You have 15 Minutes from the time the Bell Rings. The Shot Heard Round the World January 1775, actions of First Continental Congress led British government to use force to control colonies April, British

More information

Phase 3, Session 2: Approaches to teaching case studies

Phase 3, Session 2: Approaches to teaching case studies Phase 3, Session 2: Approaches to teaching case studies Each case study involves an in-depth investigation of a particularly significant or representative aspect of an element of the topic (S11). Note

More information

Ireland in the 20th Century History Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. History Notes Ireland in the 20th Century. 1 P a g e

Ireland in the 20th Century History Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. History Notes Ireland in the 20th Century. 1 P a g e JC-Learn History Notes Ireland in the 20th Century 1 P a g e Ireland in the 20 th Century: Irish Politics Because of the Act of Union all decisions in Ireland were made by the Parliament in Westminster,

More information

The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence From VOA Learning English, this is The Making of a Nation American history in Special English. I'm Steve Ember. This week in our series, we continue the story of the American

More information

Revolution in Thought 1607 to 1763

Revolution in Thought 1607 to 1763 Revolution in Thought 1607 to 1763 Early settlers found they disliked England America was far from England and isolated Weakened England s authority Produced rugged and independent people Colonies had

More information

Chapter 14 Section 1. Revolutions in Russia

Chapter 14 Section 1. Revolutions in Russia Chapter 14 Section 1 Revolutions in Russia Revolutionary Movement Grows Industrialization stirred discontent among people Factories brought new problems Grueling working conditions, low wages, child labor

More information

Causes of the American Revolution

Causes of the American Revolution Causes of the American Revolution The Taxation Acts The King of England started taxing the colonists in the form of Taxation Acts in 1764. He felt that the colonists should bear the burden of the expense

More information

1919 Irish War for Independence

1919 Irish War for Independence Committee Letter Dear Members of the Dáil Éireann, It is my honor and privilege to welcome all of you to the 20th annual Virginia Model United Nations conference, hosted by the University of Virginia's

More information

C H A P T E R 6 A P U S H I S T O RY

C H A P T E R 6 A P U S H I S T O RY THE REVOLUTION WITHIN C H A P T E R 6 A P U S H I S T O RY TOWARD RELIGIOUS TOLERATION How did the Revolution impact religious freedom? The Revolution expanded religious freedoms!!! What about religious

More information

GCSE. History CCEA GCSE TEACHER GUIDANCE. Unit 1 Section B Option 2: Changing Relations: Northern Ireland and its Neighbours,

GCSE. History CCEA GCSE TEACHER GUIDANCE. Unit 1 Section B Option 2: Changing Relations: Northern Ireland and its Neighbours, GCSE CCEA GCSE TEACHER GUIDANCE History Unit 1 Section B Option 2: Changing Relations: Northern Ireland and its Neighbours, 1965 98 Resource Pack: The Downing Street Declaration, 1993 For first teaching

More information

THIS CLASS DISCUSSION WILL BE GRADED. Some key terms, people and places to get your head round

THIS CLASS DISCUSSION WILL BE GRADED. Some key terms, people and places to get your head round YOUR HOLIDAY WORK IS TO READ THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT AND BE READY FOR A HARKNESS DISCUSSION ON WHY IRELAND WAS SO UNSTABLE BY 1800. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND READING FOR YOUR A LEVEL COURSEWORK. THIS

More information

Age of Mass Politics,

Age of Mass Politics, Age of Mass Politics, 1871-1914 The Responsive Nation-State Common people felt increasing loyalty to the state (Age of Nationalism) Especially due to expansion of suffrage Increases significance of universal

More information

A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.

A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below. AP U.S. History Mr. Mercado Name Chapter 10 Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800 A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately

More information

Constitutional Convention Unit Notes

Constitutional Convention Unit Notes Constitutional Convention Unit Notes Civics Textbook: Government and Society - Text p. 5 Cue four reasons why society needs a government Notes 1. Law and Order Government makes laws to protect citizens

More information

2014 Honorable Mention Estelle Wachtel-Torres, M.D. Literary Competition. Clay, Kosciuszko & 97 Commonalities By Leonard T.

2014 Honorable Mention Estelle Wachtel-Torres, M.D. Literary Competition. Clay, Kosciuszko & 97 Commonalities By Leonard T. 2014 Honorable Mention Estelle Wachtel-Torres, M.D. Literary Competition Clay, Kosciuszko & 97 Commonalities By Leonard T. Zabawski April 12 in 1777, over 237 years ago marked the birth of Henry Clay,

More information

Department of History University of Wisconsin -- Madison Semester II, AY

Department of History University of Wisconsin -- Madison Semester II, AY Department of History University of Wisconsin -- Madison Semester II, AY 2006-2007 Thomas J. Archdeacon, Professor 4135 Humanities Mailbox #4026 tjarchde@wisc.edu 608-263-1778 History 222 Irish and Scottish

More information

Kathleen Doherty. Ethno-religious conflict in Northern Ireland. Appalachian State University

Kathleen Doherty. Ethno-religious conflict in Northern Ireland. Appalachian State University Doherty 1 Kathleen Doherty Ethno-religious conflict in Northern Ireland Appalachian State University Doherty 2 Abstract The Troubles, is an ethno-religious conflict within Northern Ireland that occurred

More information

BRITISH AND AMERICAN LIFE AND INSTITUTIONS PRITISH AND AMERICAN HISTORY

BRITISH AND AMERICAN LIFE AND INSTITUTIONS PRITISH AND AMERICAN HISTORY BRITISH AND AMERICAN LIFE AND INSTITUTIONS PRITISH AND AMERICAN HISTORY Explain the terms: the British Isles, the British Islands, Great Britain, the United Kingdom. Name the present-day political entities

More information

Great Emancipator or White Supremacist?

Great Emancipator or White Supremacist? 1861-1865 Great Emancipator or White Supremacist? I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races. There is a physical difference between the two, which,

More information

Adams Avoids War with France

Adams Avoids War with France Adams Avoids War with France The Making of a Nation Program No. 28 John Adams Part Two From VOA Learning English, welcome to The Making of a Nation. American history in Special English. I m Steve Ember.

More information

Britain, Power and the People Multiquestion

Britain, Power and the People Multiquestion Britain, Power and the People Multiquestion tests Test number Title Pages in hand-out Marks available notes 18 Background and Magna Carta 2-6 20 19 Henry III, Simon de Montfort and origins of 6-8 12 Parliament

More information

(c s) Challenges of the First Five Presidents

(c s) Challenges of the First Five Presidents (c. 1800-1820 s) Challenges of the First Five Presidents Washington & Adams Washington as President George Washington unanimously elected President by the Electoral College in 1789 and 1792. Set many

More information