Governance, Security and Development Data Power Challenges Myths -- and Implications for Strategies in the next stage

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Governance, Security and Development Data Power Challenges Myths -- and Implications for Strategies in the next stage"

Transcription

1 Governance, Security and Development Data Power Challenges Myths -- and Implications for Strategies in the next stage Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute Presentation at OECD, Paris, July 11 th, 2005 The newly released Governance Matters IV Report (May 2005), by D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, with access to the data, is at: 1

2 Challenging Convention key tenets 1. Governance Measurement Skepticism Unmeasurable, or, Measurable, but so imprecise that it is not useful, or, Measurable, but only through Objective Indicators Cannot Assess Trends: Unreliable or No Time Series 2. Some evidence: Governance has improved globally 3. Good Governance: outcome of development and growth & emerging economies corrupt; rich a model 4. The trouble is with Public Officials/Sector in LDCs 5. Cultural & Historical Determinism of Corruption 6. Fighting corruption by Fighting Corruption (Laws, Codes, Campaigns, Agencies & Regulations) 2

3 Tenet # 7: Previous Six Popular Notions Challenged 1. Governance (& Human Rights/Security) can be measured, analyzed, & monitored over time: just released Governance Matters IV Report -- with worldwide data 2. Huge development dividend of good governance 3. Worldwide Governance has not improved 4. Some countries improved in the short term: feasible! 5. Implications for new Strategies -- also for rich world 3

4 Empirical Approach to Governance 1. Macro : Worldwide Aggregate Governance Indicators: 200 countries, 6 components, periodic. 2. Mezzo : Cross-Country Surveys of Enterprises 3. Micro : Specialized, in-depth, in-country Governance and Institutional Capacity Diagnostics: Includes surveys of: i) user of public services (citizens); ii) firms, and iii) public officials On Aggregate/Macro Level first 4

5 Main Findings in Governance Matters IV Updated dataset: 6 dimensions of governance for 209 countries more data sources, increased precision Yet margins of error in governance estimates remain incorporate when comparing countries and over time Not unique to our aggregate subjective indicators Changes in governance over time Are these changes are significant?: new method Have occurred in some countries, not worldwide How useful are perceptions -data on governance? What is the development dividend of good governance, and is a poverty discount warranted? 5

6 The Governance Macro Level Defining and unbundling succintly The 6 dimensions of Governance: how conceptually derived, how measured The governance worldmap, & web interactivity What the Macro can and cannot do Governance Matters IV new report with major findings 6

7 Six Dimensions of Governance Governance as the set of traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised -- specifically: The process by which those in authority are selected and replaced VOICE AND ACCOUNTABILITY POLITICAL STABILITY & ABSENCE OF VIOLENCE/TERRORISM The capacity of government to formulate and implement policies GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS REGULATORY QUALITY The respect of citizens and state for institutions that govern interactions among them RULE OF LAW CONTROL OF CORRUPTION 7

8 Governance Data Data on governance from 37 different sources constructed by 31 different organizations Data sources include cross-country surveys of firms, commercial risk-rating agencies, thinktanks, government agencies, international organizations, etc. 352 proxies for various dimensions of governance Organize these measures into six clusters corresponding to definition of governance, for five periods: 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002,

9 Sources of Governance Data Cross-Country Surveys of Firms: Global Competitiveness Survey, World Business Environment Survey, World Competitiveness Yearbook, BEEPS Cross-Country Surveys of Individuals: Gallup International Voice of the People, Latinobarometro, Afrobarometer, Vanderbilt University/USAID 9

10 Sources of Governance Data, Cont d Expert Assessments from Commercial Risk Rating Agencies: DRI, PRS, EIU, World Markets Online, Merchant International Group, IJET Travel Consultancy, PERC Expert Assessments from NGOs, Think Tanks: Reporters Without Borders, Heritage Foundation, Freedom House, Amnesty International, Bertelsmann Foundation, Fundar, International Research and Exchanges Board, Brown University, Columbia University, Binghamton University Expert Assessments from Governments, Multilaterals: World Bank CPIA, EBRD, AFDB, ADB, UNECA, 10 State Dept. Human Rights Report

11 Control of Corruption: one Aggregate Indicator (selected countries from 204 worldwide, for illustration, based on 2004 research data) 2.5 Good Governance Governance Level Margins of Error 0 Poor -2.5 Governance EQUATORIAL GUINEA KOREA, NORTH TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN BANGLADESH VENEZUELA ZAMBIA RUSSIA KOREA, SOUTH MAURITIUS Source for data: : 'Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for , D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi, 11 ( Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom 10 th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th. SOUTH AFRICA GREECE ITALY BOTSWANA SLOVENIA CHILE FRANCE SPAIN UNITED KINGDOM NETHERLANDS NORWAY NEW ZEALAND FINLAND

12 Voice & Accountability, 2004 (Selected Countries) 2.5 Good Governance Governance Level Margins of Error Poor Governance MYANMAR KOREA, NORTH ERITREA TURKMENISTAN SUDAN UZBEKISTAN SYRIA SOMALIA BELARUS ZIMBABWE PAKISTAN EGYPT RUSSIA VENEZUELA MADAGASCAR Source for data: : 'Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for , D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi, 12 ( Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom 10 th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th. INDIA GHANA ARGENTINA KOREA, SOUTH SOUTH AFRICA GREECE MAURITIUS URUGUAY CHILE ESTONIA POLAND HUNGARY GERMANY NETHERLANDS FINLAND NORWAY DENMARK

13 Control of Corruption, 2004: World Map Source for data: : 'Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for , D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi, 13 ( Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom 10 th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

14 Government Effectiveness, 2004: World Map Source for data: : 'Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for , D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi, 14 ( Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom 10 th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

15 Precision vs. Number of Sources, KKZ Governance Estimates, 2000/ Margin of Error Note: See explanatory details in this slide s note Number of Sources Per Country 15

16 Application: MCA Eligibility Criteria, Control of Corruption, 1996, 52 Countries (18 countries with no data) Probability (0-1) ZAR SLE TJK TKM IRQ Probability Country is in Top Half of Sample Governance Score Margin of Error NGA CMR GEO KEN TZA AGO MWI ETH HTI TGO PAK ZMB AZE HND LAO BOL COG KGZ UKR ARM VNM UGA MOZ PRY IDN GHA BGD PHL SEN IND NER MLI BFA GUY NPL PNG YEM LKA MDA NIC CHN EGY MAR MDG MNG GIN GMB Median Corruption Score 18 Missing countries: AFG, BEN, BTN, COM, DJI, ERI, GNQ, KIR, LSO, MRT, RWA, SLB, STP, SWZ, TCD, TMP, TUV, VUT Corruption Rating for Country Rank (0-1) 15 countries (green) have a probability of 75% or above to be in the top half; 19 countries (red) have a probability 16 of 25% or less to be in the top half; 18 countries (yellow) have a probability between 25% and 75% to be in the top half.

17 MCA Eligibility Criteria, Control of Corruption, 2004, 70 Countries Data for all, lower margins of error Probability Country is in Top Half of Sample BTN Margin of Error 0.75 Probability (0-1) Governance Score HTI IRQ TKM AFG ZAR SLB LAO COM TCD AGO NGA TJK BGD AZE COG PRY SWZ DJI KGZ TGO GEO PNG IDN UKR KEN SLE NER PAK MDA ETH YEM MWI GIN MOZ TUV BOL CMR ZMB VNM UGA HND STP ERI GMB NPL TZA PHL VUT ARM MLI CHN MNG SEN RWA BFA GUY NIC BEN IND TMP EGY GHA LKA MDG LSO KIR MAR MRT Median Corruption Score Corruption Rating for GNQ Country Rank (0-1) 26 countries (green) have a probability of 75% or above to be in the top half; 24 countries (red) have a probability 17 of 25% or less to be in the top half; 20 countries (yellow) have a probability between 25% and 75% to be in the top half. -2.5

18 3 High Inflation Significant Decline in Inflation Rates Worldwide TRANS ITION 1.5 EMERGING (avg. in logs) Low OECD+NIC Source: Rethinking Governance, based on calculations from WDI. Y-axis measures the log value of the average inflation for each region across each period

19 Quality of Infrastructure 6.5 High East Asia Industrialized OECD 4 Transition Low Emerging Source: EOS (Quasi-balanced panel). Question 6.01: General infrastructure in your country is among the best in the world? 19

20 No Significant Trend in Control of Corruption Worldwide Averages Good 0.8 EIU PRS QLM Poor PRS country coverage in 1996: 129, all other periods 140; QLM and EIU country coverage: 115 for all periods. 20

21 Good 0.8 Rule of Law (lack of) Trend Worldwide Poor EIU PRS GCS HERITAGE QLM PRS country coverage in 1996: 129, all other periods 140; GCS country coverage in 1996: 58, 1998: 59, 2000: 75, & 2004: 82; Heritage country coverage in 1996: 137; all other periods 155. QLM & EIU country coverage: 115 for all periods.

22 Human Rights; 1 st GHR (1): Absence of Killings 1 Good Bad 0 Oecd Eastern Europe Former Soviet Union East Asia (NIC) East Asia dev. Latin America / Caribbean Subsaharan Africa South Asia Source: Cingranelli / Richards dataset A high value reflects respect for human rights. 22

23 Human Rights; 1 st GHR (3): Absence of Torture 1 Good Bad 0 Oecd Eastern Europe Former Soviet Union East Asia (NIC) East Asia dev. Latin America / Caribbean Subsaharan Africa Source: Cingranelli / Richards dataset A high value reflects respect for human rights. South Asia 23

24 Human Rights; 1 st GHR: Life Protection (Composite of Absence of Killings, Absence of Disappearances, Absence of Torture, & Absence of Imprisonments) 1 Good Bad 0 Oecd Eastern Europe Former Soviet Union East Asia (NIC) East Asia dev. Latin America / Caribbean Subsaharan Africa Source: Cingranelli / Richards dataset A high value reflects respect for human rights. South Asia 24

25 Human Rights; 1 st GHR: Women s Rights (Composite of Economic, Social, and Political Rights) 1 Good Bad 0 Oecd Eastern Europe Former Soviet Union East Asia (NIC) East Asia dev. Latin America / Caribbean Subsaharan Africa Source: Cingranelli / Richards dataset A high value reflects respect for human rights. South Asia 25

26 Are all Countries Stagnating in Governance? The world on average has not improved But large or small variation across countries? New method: for each country, we can identify whether there are significant changes over time It is found that changes can take place in the short-term: in 6-to-8 years, some deteriorations as well as some significant improvements as well 26

27 Changes in Voice and Accountability, Major Deterioration (selected countries) Insignificant Change 0 Major Improvement (selected countries) IVORY COAST ZIMBABWE HAITI NEPAL C. AFR. REP. KYRGYZ REP. ERITREA RUSSIA VENEZUELA BELARUS CUBA MYANMAR UZBEKISTAN PHILIPPINES BOLIVIA YEMEN JAMAICA MAURITIUS BURUNDI BRAZIL AZERBAIJAN ALBANIA ROMANIA TANZANIA ESTONIA EL SALVADOR BULGARIA LATVIA GAMBIA MEXICO SIERRA LEONE INDONESIA GHANA BOSNIA NIGERIA SLOVAK REP. CROATIA SERBIA Changes were calculated on the basis of the differences in country estimates from 1996 and Classification for major deteriorations and improvements were based on 75% confidence interval. Source for data:

28 Changes in Rule of Law, Major Deterioration (selected countries) Insignificant Change 0 Major Improvement (selected countries) -2 ZIMBABWE IVORY COAST SWAZILAND VENEZUELA MOLDOVA C. AFR. REP. ETHIOPIA CUBA EGYPT GERMANY U.K. Changes were calculated on the basis of the differences in country estimates from 1996 and Classification for major deteriorations and improvements were based on 75% confidence interval. Source for data: NIGERIA UGANDA JORDAN ROMANIA SLOVAK REP. SERBIA SLOVENIA MOZAMBIQUE MALTA ESTONIA CROATIA 28 LITHUANIA

29 Governance Indicators: Zimbabwe, 1996/2004 Source for data: ; Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

30 Governance Indicators: Ukraine, 1996/2004 Source for data: ; Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

31 Croatia 2004 vs

32 Governance Indicators: Mexico, 1996/2004 Source for data: ; Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

33 Governance Indicators for South Africa, 1998 & 2004 Source for data: : 'Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for , D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi, 33 ( Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom 10 th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

34 Governance Indicators: Chile, 1996/2004 Source for data: ; Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

35 Governance Indicators: Finland, 1996/2004 Source for data: ; Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom th percentile rank; Light Red between 10 th and 25 th ; Orange, between 25 th and 50 th ; Yellow, between 50 th and 75 th ; Light Green between 75 th and 90 th ; Dark Green above 90 th.

36 Governance Matters: The 300% Dividend 1. Large Development Dividend of Good Governance: a one-standard-deviation improvement in governance raise incomes per capita in a country by about 300% in long-run 2. But is such a decline in corruption unrealistically large?: NO -- One S.D. is the difference from: Eq. Guinea Iran or Uganda Mauritius Portugal Finland or New Zealand 3. The impact is from governance to incomes, and not viceversa -- higher incomes alone will not do 4. Urgency of interventions to improve governance 36

37 Development Dividend From Good Governance $30,000 Control of Corruption $3,000 $300 Low Governance Medium Governance High Governance 37 Data Source for calculations: KK Y-axis measures predicted GDP per capita on the basis of Instrumental Variable (IV) results for each of the 3 categories. Estimations based on various authors studies, including Kaufmann and Kraay.

38 Voice & Accountability vs. Control of Corruption 2.5 ISL DNK USA NLD GBR CAN NOR CHL FRA Control of Corruption 0.0 TUN MRT EGY CHN DZA IRN RWA PAK YEM CMR GTM LBR GIN ETH SLE LBY RUS UGA VEN CIV COG ZMB SDN AGO BGD BDI TCD TKM SOMZWE ZAR AFG CAF NGA MMRPRK IRQ HTI NER PER PHL ATG HRV BRA GHA DOM JAM SVN URYCRI EST ITA ZAF KOR r = Voice & Accountability Low Source: KK 2004 High 38

39 The Mezzo Level of Governance Measurement Based on cross-country surveys, mainly of enterprises (such as the EOS of WEF, BEEPS/WBES of WB, etc.) Thousands of firms interviewed on a range of issues; focus on governance, specialized questions More detailed unbundling of governance and corruption phenomena than aggregate indicators Relatively broad country coverage, but less than aggregate governance indicators Measuring what is taking place De Facto matters: it uncovers stark realities masked in De Jure indicators Addresses empirically: It takes two to tango 39

40 Global vs. Domestic Governance Challenges: % Firms Report High Cost of Terrorism and Crime, EOS % Firms Report High Cost of: Terrorism Organized Crime Canada Chile Colombia Israel Italy Japan Mexico Russia United Kingdom United States 40 Percentage Firms Report High Cost

41 High 6 Money Laundering through Banks and Diversion of Public Funds Money Laundering through Banks FIN IRL ESP PRT DEU BEL NORAUT BWA NLD CHL SVN SWE CAN USA AUS SGP GBR NZL TUN DNK ISL ISR URY CHE HKG r = 0.85 UKR ARG RUS COL IDN PRY PHL HTI NIC HND ROM BOLECU GTM MEX BGD BGR VENNGA LVA PER PAN TTO JAM CZE POL TUR IND DOM ZWE LTU THA LKA SVK CRI BRA MAR GRC SLV MUS KOR HUN ITA MYS JOR HRV TWN ZAF VNM CHN EST JPN FRA NAM Low Diversion of Public Funds High 41

42 Multinationals Bribe Abroad? % Firms Reporting Frequent Procurement Bribery, EOS 2005 % Firms Reporting Procurement Bribery is Prevalen Domestic Firm in OECD Country OECD Multinational in another OECD country OECD Multinational in Non-OECD country Domestic Firm in Non-OECD Country Procurement Bribery is prevalent (% Firms Report) Source: EOS, preliminary. Question: In your industry, how commonly would you estimate that firms make undocumented extra payments or bribes connected with the following: permits, public utilities, tax payments, loan applications, awarding of public 42contracts, influencing of laws, policies, regulations and decrees to favor selected business interest, and judicial decisions. Any firms reporting answers 1 through 3 were considered to be reporting at least high frequency of bribery, while answers 4 through 7 were not.

43 Procurement Bribe Fee % Structure, Responses by Firms Procurement Bribe Fee (%) Domestic Firm in OECD Country Multinational in another OECD country OECD Multinational in Non-OECD country Domestic Firm in Non-OECD Country 0 Procurement Bribe Fee (%) 43 Source: EOS Questions: When firms in your industry do business with the government, how much of the contract value must they offer in additional payments to secure the contract? ; Variables were converted using midpoints.

44 The Micro Level In-depth in-country diagnostics for action programs Key Features of Governance Diagnostic Tools Multi-pronged surveys of: households, firms and public officials [ triangulation ] Experiential questions (vs. opinions /generic) Local Institution Implements, w/wb Collaboration Recognizing Multidimensionality of Governance Focus on Service Delivery Input for Action and Change: Action Programs 44

45 In a diagnostic in a Latin American country, misgovernance is a regressive tax (similarly in other countries) Bribe/Total Income ratio, % Low Income Middle Income High Income 45

46 Misgoverned vs. well Governed Agencies in-country (as ranked by public officials, 2000 diagnostic) The Transit Commission of Guayas Congress Transit Council Customs Police Petroecuador The President of the Republic Ombudsman NGOs Army The Church Professional Oranizations % reporting that the agency is very corrupt 46

47 Citizen Voice Helps Control Bribery (Bolivia Diagnostics) Bribery Low Moderate_Low Moderate_High High Voice / External Accountability Simple Average Association Control Causal Link Margin of Error 47 Based on 90 national, departmental, and municipal agencies covered in the Bolivia Public Officials Survey.

48 20 Politicized Agencies tend to have high incidence of Budgetary Leakages Low Moderately Low Moderately High High -5 Politicization Yellow columns depict the unconditional average for each category. Blue line depicts the controlled causal effect 48 from X to Y variables. Dotted red lines depict the confidence ranges around the causal effect depicted by the blue line.

49 Transparency within Government Agencies Prevents Purchase of Public Positions Job Purchase Low Moderately Low Moderately High High Internal Transparency Simple Average Association Control Causal Link Margin of Error Based on 90 national, departmental, and municipal agencies covered in the Public Officials Survey. 49

50 Perceptions Matter Perceptions-based data on governance are useful: Often only alternative (e.g. corruption) Captures more closely the concept being measured De facto measures are closer to on the ground phenomena than objective de jure information Perceptions do matter Perception questions are now more rigorous, experiential and quantitative Ideological & other biases: concerns are exaggerated Their margins of error are not unique Adds insights that objective data does not 50

51 Perception Measures Capture Pervasive Effects of Corruption How Much Harder is it to Start a Business If Days to Start a Business is High? And If Corruption is High? Source: Kaufmann, Kraay and Mastruzzi (2005). The vertical axis measures the estimated impact on firms responses to a survey question regarding the difficulty of starting a business (the 2004 Global Competitiveness Survey) corresponding 51 to a de jure measure (capturing the number of days required to start a business) moving from the 50th percentile to the 75th percentile (first bar) and from also having overall corruption levels move from the 50th to the 75th percentile (second bar).

52 Large Margins of Error for Objective Governance Indicators Standard error Objective Indicator Scenario A Standard error of Objective Indicator Scenario C Standard error of Subjective indicator: KK Standard error Telephone Wait line Phone faults Trade Tax revenue Budgetary Volatility Revenue Source Volatility Contract Intensive Money Contract En force m e n t Regulation of En try Aggregate Indicator Option A: estimate of standard deviation of measurement error in subjective indicator is correct. Option C: standard deviation of measurement 52 error in subjective indicator is twice as large as that in the objective indicator. The standard error of subjective indicator refers to the Governance component closely related to the associated objective indicator

53 Conclusions and Policy Implications 1. Measuring governance, human rights, and security is imperative Policymakers, citizens, enterprises and investors know that good governance is key: demand data Empowers civil society and reformers for change Helps donors assess aid effectiveness Enables policy-relevant research on causes and consequences of good (and bad) governance 2. Measuring Governance is feasible 53

54 Policy Implications, Cont d 3. Governance Matters: large development dividend strong causal impact of governance on incomes, but little evidence that higher incomes raise governance 4. But the world on average is stagnant w/ variance 5. Misgovernance in Failed States--link to Security 6. Thus, need to refocus efforts to improve governance frank questioning of what doesn t work Anti- Corruption campaigns, drafting of more laws, more ethics commissions, voluntary codes, conventions?, etc) Move away from silos of governance, Anti- Corruption, Human Rights, Security and development 54

55 7. Deserving particular attention 1. Data Power / Metrics Matters: Indicators and More 2. Accountability, Voice & Human Rights Matters 3. Transparency Strategy and Reforms (vs. Over-Regulations) 4. Focus on Incentives and on Prevention 5. The Role of the Firm and Elites (influence, capture, assoc.) 6. Political Reform, including on Political/Campaign Finance 7. Governance strategy in Post Conflict & quasi-failed states 8. Capital Markets Development as market-disciplining 9. For Rich/Donor Countries, & IFIs: Serious Implications in terms of Linking Aid & Good Governance for Development and Security 55

56 Collective Responsibility: Role Rich Countries 1. MNCs still misbehave 2. Globalization means globalized terror 3. Influence on IFIs: Aid with Governance 4. Trade Barriers and Subsidies 5. Banking Opacity 6. Restitution of Looted Assets 7. Arms Trading 8. Examples in Good Governance & Transparency 9. Scaling Up Aid integrated w/ Good Governance: Selectivity 10. Incentives: Joining Elite Political/Economic Groups 56

57 Governance Has Improved in Some Groups: e.g. Pull Effect of EU Accession High 1 Rule of Law Low EU Accessed ex-soviet Union (no access) Source for data: EU EE Accessed Countries: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.

58 Subnational Indices are feasiable: : Index of State Capture in Mexican States by Monterrey Tech, 2002 Baja Media Baja Media Media Alta Alta Querétaro Aguascalientes Coahuila Durango Sinaloa Sonora Yucatán Baja Baja California Guanajuato Nayarit Nuevo León León Puebla Tlaxcala Zacatecas Baja Baja California Sur Sur Colima Chihuahua Jalisco México Michoacán Morelos Oaxaca San San Luis Luis Potosí Tabasco Tamaulipas Campeche Chiapas Distrito Federal Guerrero Hidalgo Quintana Roo Roo Veracruz 58

59 Data for Analysis and Informing Policy Advice, Not for Precise Rankings Any data on Governance, Institutions, and Investment Climate is subject to a margin of error. It is not intended for precise country rankings, but to highlight relative strengths and weaknesses and draw analytical and policy lessons. The data presented here and in the Report do not necessarily reflect official views on rankings by the World Bank or its Board of Directors. Errors are responsibility of the authors. Further materials & access to interactive data: General: Data: Report: 59

GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2015/2016

GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2015/2016 GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 215/216 Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change MARCIO CRUZ DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS GROUP Global Monitoring Report 215/216 Implications of Demographic Change: Pathways

More information

Worldwide Governance Indicators and key Findings: Implications for Credit, Investment and Policies in Emerging Markets

Worldwide Governance Indicators and key Findings: Implications for Credit, Investment and Policies in Emerging Markets Worldwide Governance Indicators and key Findings: Implications for Credit, Investment and Policies in Emerging Markets Daniel Kaufmann The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance or, www.

More information

Development and Uses of Governance Indicators

Development and Uses of Governance Indicators Development and Uses of Governance Indicators Massimo Mastruzzi, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Keynote Presentation at the DAI All-Staff Conference, Washington, DC, May 15 th, 2006

More information

Governance Research Indicators Project Governance Matters III: Indicators for 1996-2002 Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi The World Bank Abridged Basic Presentation For data, full paper,

More information

Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute

Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute Assessing the Deliverables of Ukraine Reform Synthesis of Perspectives from Discussions at the WEF Roundtables, and Background Data Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance

More information

Corporate Corruption Matters for Public Governance:

Corporate Corruption Matters for Public Governance: Corporate Corruption Matters for Public Governance: Empirical Evidence and Implications for Anti-Corruption Strategies Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Keynote Presentation

More information

Debunking Myths on Worldwide Governance and Corruption

Debunking Myths on Worldwide Governance and Corruption Debunking Myths on Worldwide Governance and Corruption The Challenge of Empirics -- and Implications Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation to the Canadian

More information

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 GDP per capita ($)

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 GDP per capita ($) 4 Chapter 1 Economic Growth and Economic Development: The Questions Density of countries 1960 1980 2000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 GDP per capita ($) FIGURE 11 Estimates of the distribution of countries according

More information

Measuring Governance: Possibilities and Pitfalls

Measuring Governance: Possibilities and Pitfalls Measuring Governance: Possibilities and Pitfalls Presentation at the Center for Global Development Washington, D.C., December 1 st, 2006 Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi www.govindicators.org

More information

Debunking Myths about Governance and Corruption Lessons from Worldwide Evidence Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance For Presentation at the Anti-Corruption Workshop

More information

Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence

Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence 14.452 Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence Daron Acemoglu MIT October 24, 2017. Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Economic Growth Lecture 1 October 24, 2017. 1 / 38 Cross-Country Income Differences Cross-Country

More information

Global Profile of Diasporas

Global Profile of Diasporas Tenth Coordination Meeting on International Migration New York, 9-10 February 2012 Global Profile of Diasporas Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division Directorate for Employment,

More information

LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHOICE AND NATION BUILDING: THEORY AND EVIDENCE

LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHOICE AND NATION BUILDING: THEORY AND EVIDENCE LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHOICE AND NATION BUILDING: THEORY AND EVIDENCE David D. Laitin (Stanford University) and Rajesh Ramachandran (Goethe University) The International Political Economy

More information

U.S. Food Aid and Civil Conflict

U.S. Food Aid and Civil Conflict Web Appendix for U.S. Food Aid and Civil Conflict Nathan Nunn Harvard University, BREAD, NBER Nancy Qian Yale University, BREAD, NBER (Not for Publication) August 2013 1 1. Introduction This appendix accompanies

More information

It is about Wealth, not (only) Income: What the World Bank says and does not say

It is about Wealth, not (only) Income: What the World Bank says and does not say Georgetown University From the SelectedWorks of Josep M. Colomer February 19, 2018 It is about Wealth, not (only) Income: What the World Bank says and does not say Josep M. Colomer Available at: https://works.bepress.com/josep_colomer/

More information

Gender Inequality and Growth: The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries

Gender Inequality and Growth: The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries World Bank From the SelectedWorks of Mohammad Amin July, 2012 Gender Inequality and Growth: The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries Mohammad Amin Veselin Kuntchev Available at: https://works.bepress.com/mohammad_amin/45/

More information

The Rule of Law for All July 2013 The Hague, Netherlands

The Rule of Law for All July 2013 The Hague, Netherlands The Rule of Law for All 8-11 July 2013 The Hague, Netherlands (I was called) to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land... so that the strong should not harm the weak. - Prologue, Hammurabi s

More information

Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence

Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence 14.452 Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence Daron Acemoglu MIT October 21, 2014 Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Economic Growth Lecture 1 October 21, 2014. 1 / 39 Cross-Country Income Differences Cross-Country

More information

the atlas of E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y

the atlas of E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y the atlas of E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y M a p p i n g P a t h s T o P r o s p e r i t y Hausmann, Hidalgo et al. T H E A T L A S O F E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y M A P P I N G P A T H S

More information

Investment Climate Drivers: Does Governance and Corruption Matter? An Empirical Framework with Practical Applications Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation

More information

Governance Research Indicators Project

Governance Research Indicators Project Governance Research Indicators Project Governance Matters III: Indicators for 1996-2002 Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi The World Bank Presentation at the Munich Centre for Economic,

More information

Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution

Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution Reset Within Russia?: A Comparative Governance Perspective Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution Presentation at the Public Conference The Risks of the Reset, at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, D.C.,

More information

Human Development : Retrospective and Prospects. Jeni Klugman, HDRO/ UNDP. Tuesday February 23, 2010

Human Development : Retrospective and Prospects. Jeni Klugman, HDRO/ UNDP. Tuesday February 23, 2010 Human Development : Retrospective and Prospects Jeni Klugman, HDRO/ UNDP Tuesday February 23, 2010 1 Overview 1. What is the HDR? 2. Retrospective 3. Prospects What is Human Development? Development can

More information

Governance from words to deeds

Governance from words to deeds Governance from words to deeds Learning Lunch with Miguel Schloss 1818 Society Water Group, May 13, 2011 Agenda There is no such thing as a free lunch Milton Freedman Governance: why and what for The approach:

More information

Governance and Corruption:

Governance and Corruption: Governance and Corruption: Empirics, Lessons, and Policy Options for IFIs Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance ECONOMICS TRAINING PROGRAM SEMINAR -- IMF INSTITUTE,

More information

Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution

Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution Corruption in transition: reflections & implications from governance empirics Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution Presentation at the opening plenary session on Measurement & Consequences of Corruption

More information

Governance Research Indicators Project Governance Matters III: Indicators for 1996-2002 Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi The World Bank Presentation at the Wokshop at 10.3 on New Frontiers,

More information

Governance Empirics:

Governance Empirics: Governance Empirics: Some methods, findings and implications Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Video-link presentation at the 4 th Session of the Committee of

More information

Country-Specific Investments and the Rights of Non-Citizens

Country-Specific Investments and the Rights of Non-Citizens ARTICLE Country-Specific Investments and the Rights of Non-Citizens ADAM S. CHILTON & ERIC A. POSNER * In a 2007 article, Adam Cox and Eric Posner developed a Second Order theory of immigration law that

More information

Follow links for Class Use and other Permissions. For more information send to:

Follow links for Class Use and other Permissions. For more information send  to: COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Daron Acemoglu: Introduction to Modern Economic Growth is published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, 2008, by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. No part of

More information

Governance and Corruption:

Governance and Corruption: Governance and Corruption: Empirics, Lessons, and Policy Options Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Background Handout of Presentation at the Society of Government

More information

Governance and Corruption: Evidence and Implications

Governance and Corruption: Evidence and Implications Governance and Corruption: Evidence and Implications Francesca Recanatini and Daniel Kaufmann Meeting with future Russian Leaders, The World Bank, October 25 th, 2002 Governance and Poverty Nexus Lower

More information

The Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits

The Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is an independent, non partisan, non profit research organization dedicated to promoting

More information

Presence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany

Presence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany Presence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany Matthias Huber Silke Uebelmesser University of Jena, Germany International Forum on Migration Statistics OECD, Paris, January

More information

On the World Bank s Governance & Anti- Corruption [GAC] Strategy: Key Features, Concerns, Debates, Misconceptions, and Next Steps

On the World Bank s Governance & Anti- Corruption [GAC] Strategy: Key Features, Concerns, Debates, Misconceptions, and Next Steps On the World Bank s Governance & Anti- Corruption [GAC] Strategy: Key Features, Concerns, Debates, Misconceptions, and Next Steps and selected issues on Governance Indicators Daniel Kaufmann & Colleagues,

More information

Diagnostic Tools and Empirical Analysis of Governance as an Input in the Fight against Corruption.

Diagnostic Tools and Empirical Analysis of Governance as an Input in the Fight against Corruption. Diagnostic Tools and Empirical Analysis of Governance as an Input in the Fight against Corruption. Anti-corruption Workshop Francesca Recanatini World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/esp

More information

On Private-Public Corruption Nexus:

On Private-Public Corruption Nexus: On Private-Public Corruption Nexus: From Inconvenient Facts to Questioning Daniel Kaufmann and colleagues, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Background Handout for Presentation at the

More information

Report on the 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index 2015 (Cho, Seo-Young University of Marburg)

Report on the 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index 2015 (Cho, Seo-Young University of Marburg) The Country-rankings of the 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index for 2015 Released - Best Practice of Austria, the UK, and Spain - Modest Improvement in Protection and Prevention Efforts - Persistently Weak

More information

Governance Indicators, Aid Allocation, and the Millennium Challenge Account

Governance Indicators, Aid Allocation, and the Millennium Challenge Account Draft for Discussion Governance Indicators, Aid Allocation, and the Millennium Challenge Account Daniel Kaufmann and Aart Kraay The World Bank December 2002 I. Introduction There is widespread consensus

More information

UNDERSTANDING GVCS: INSIGHTS FROM RECENT OECD WORK

UNDERSTANDING GVCS: INSIGHTS FROM RECENT OECD WORK UNDERSTANDING GVCS: INSIGHTS FROM RECENT OECD WORK Javier Lopez Gonzalez, Development Division, OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate Bangkok 12 th of December 2014 Outline i. How do we capture participation?

More information

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES. Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES. Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank A growing concern about jobs The global financial crisis resulted in massive

More information

SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2014

SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2014 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BY MICHAEL E. PORTER and SCOTT STERN with MICHAEL GREEN The Social Progress Imperative is registered as a nonprofit organization in the United States. We are

More information

Why some countries grow rich, and others don t

Why some countries grow rich, and others don t Why some countries grow rich, and others don t 2008 Yan Fu Memorial Lecture James A. Robinson Harvard University The Comparative Prosperity of Nations Vast differences in prosperity across countries today.

More information

Revisiting Institutional Strengthening and Rethinking Governance

Revisiting Institutional Strengthening and Rethinking Governance Revisiting Institutional Strengthening and Rethinking Governance Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Background material slide material for session on Strengthening African

More information

Volatility, diversification and development in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Volatility, diversification and development in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States Volatility, diversification and development in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Miklos Koren and Silvana Tenreyro

More information

Governance, Anti-Corruption, and Education An initial empirical approach

Governance, Anti-Corruption, and Education An initial empirical approach Governance, Anti-Corruption, and Education An initial empirical approach Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute Presentation at the International Working Group Annual Meeting on Education Wash., DC,

More information

IS THE CASE FOR CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE DEAD?

IS THE CASE FOR CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE DEAD? IS THE CASE FOR CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE DEAD? ED BALLS AND ANNA STANSBURY DISCUSSED BY LAWRENCE SUMMERS AND ADAM POSEN PETERSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS WASHINGTON, DC APRIL 23, 2018 ALESINA

More information

Aid for Trade: Ensuring That the Most Needy Get It

Aid for Trade: Ensuring That the Most Needy Get It Aid for Trade: Ensuring That the Most Needy Get It Richard Newfarmer International Growth Centre Paris, March 28, 2011 This presentation is based on Elisa Gamberoni and Richard Newfarmer Aid for Trade:

More information

I. Patterns Economic Development in Africa

I. Patterns Economic Development in Africa ECON 184 I. Patterns Economic Development in Africa ECON 184: Patterns of Econ. Dev. January 7, 2010 1 1 Trivia 1. Name this President ECON 184: Patterns of Econ. Dev. January 7, 2010 2 Answers ECON 184:

More information

Debunking Myths on Worldwide Governance and Corruption

Debunking Myths on Worldwide Governance and Corruption Debunking Myths on Worldwide Governance and Corruption The Challenge of Empirics -- and Implications Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance 2005 David B. Goodman

More information

The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 412 persons in December 2017, and 166 of these were convicted offenders.

The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 412 persons in December 2017, and 166 of these were convicted offenders. Monthly statistics December 2017: Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 412 persons in December 2017, and 166 of these were convicted offenders. The

More information

GLOBAL RISKS OF CONCERN TO BUSINESS WEF EXECUTIVE OPINION SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2017

GLOBAL RISKS OF CONCERN TO BUSINESS WEF EXECUTIVE OPINION SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2017 GLOBAL RISKS OF CONCERN TO BUSINESS WEF EXECUTIVE OPINION SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2017 GLOBAL RISKS OF CONCERN TO BUSINESS Results from the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey 2017 Survey and

More information

Corruption within a Governance Framework: Practical Lessons from Empirical Evidence Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation at the Seminar on Tackling Corruption

More information

The Multidimensional Financial Inclusion MIFI 1

The Multidimensional Financial Inclusion MIFI 1 2016 Report Tracking Financial Inclusion The Multidimensional Financial Inclusion MIFI 1 Financial Inclusion Financial inclusion is an essential ingredient of economic development and poverty reduction

More information

The Role of Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings

The Role of Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings The Role of Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings Econ821 Prof. Lutz Hendricks March 10, 2016 1 / 32 The Idea How could one measure human capital without knowing the production function? The problem: we only

More information

2018 Social Progress Index

2018 Social Progress Index 2018 Social Progress Index The Social Progress Index Framework asks universally important questions 2 2018 Social Progress Index Framework 3 Our best index yet The Social Progress Index is an aggregate

More information

Release Notes. World Premium Points of Interest-Consumer Edition. Version 3.2 ( ) Contents:

Release Notes. World Premium Points of Interest-Consumer Edition. Version 3.2 ( ) Contents: World Premium Points of Interest-Consumer Edition Version 3.2 (2016.11) Release Notes The World Premium Points of Interest - Consumer Edition (WPPOI-CSMR) contains the rich set of consumer focused Points

More information

Supplementary figures

Supplementary figures Supplementary figures Source: OECD (211d, p. 8). Figure S3.1 Business enterprise expenditure on R&D, 1999 and 29 (as a percentage of GDP) ISR FIN SWE KOR (1999, 28) JPN CHE (2, 28) USA (1999, 28) DNK AUT

More information

Daniel Kaufmann

Daniel Kaufmann Irrational Exuberance vs. Afro-Pessimism : Lessons from an empirical perspective on governance in Africa Daniel Kaufmann www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance www.govindicators.org Background for Presentation

More information

Delays in the registration process may mean that the real figure is higher.

Delays in the registration process may mean that the real figure is higher. Monthly statistics December 2013: Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 483 persons in December 2013. 164 of those forcibly returned in December 2013

More information

The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) returned 444 persons in August 2018, and 154 of these were convicted offenders.

The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) returned 444 persons in August 2018, and 154 of these were convicted offenders. Monthly statistics August 2018 Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) returned 444 persons in August 2018, and 154 of these were convicted offenders. The NPIS is responsible

More information

POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE

POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Global effects of local food-production crises: a virtual water perspective Original Global effects of local food-production crises: a virtual water perspective

More information

World Refugee Survey, 2001

World Refugee Survey, 2001 World Refugee Survey, 2001 Refugees in Africa: 3,346,000 "Host" Country Home Country of Refugees Number ALGERIA Western Sahara, Palestinians 85,000 ANGOLA Congo-Kinshasa 12,000 BENIN Togo, Other 4,000

More information

Education, financial markets and economic growth

Education, financial markets and economic growth Education, financial markets and economic growth Lucas Papademos European Central Bank 35th Economics Conference on Human Capital and Economic Growth Österreichische Nationalbank Vienna, 21 May 1 Outline

More information

Translation from Norwegian

Translation from Norwegian Statistics for May 2018 Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 402 persons in May 2018, and 156 of these were convicted offenders. The NPIS is responsible

More information

Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute

Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute Governance, Democracy, Corruption & Development: Latin America Empirics in International Comparative Perspective Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Lecture at the Free

More information

Avoiding unemployment is not enough

Avoiding unemployment is not enough n 4 August 2018 Avoiding unemployment is not enough An analysis of other forms of labour underutilization 1 The unemployment rate is undoubtedly the most widely cited labour market indicator by media and

More information

Release Notes. World PPPOI- Consumer Edition. Version 3.2 ( ) Contents:

Release Notes. World PPPOI- Consumer Edition. Version 3.2 ( ) Contents: World PPPOI- Consumer Edition Version 3.2 (2016.09) Release Notes The World Premium Points of Interest - Consumer Edition (WPPOI-CSMR) contains the rich set of consumer focused Points of Interest available

More information

Chad TCD Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Channel Islands CHI Europe & Central Asia High income Chile CHL Latin America & Caribbean High income China CHN

Chad TCD Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Channel Islands CHI Europe & Central Asia High income Chile CHL Latin America & Caribbean High income China CHN Afghanistan AFG South Asia Low income Albania ALB Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Algeria DZA Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income American Samoa ASM East Asia & Pacific Upper middle

More information

Does Initial Inequality Prevent Trade Development? A Political-Economy Approach *

Does Initial Inequality Prevent Trade Development? A Political-Economy Approach * Trade and Development Review Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2009, 93-105 http://www.tdrju.net Does Initial Inequality Prevent Trade Development? A Political-Economy Approach Marcus Marktanner Nagham Sayour We develop

More information

Release notes MDR NAL publication [xml]

Release notes MDR NAL publication [xml] Dissemination and Reuse Directorate Documentary Management and Metadata Unit Standardisation and Registry of Metadata Section Release notes MDR NAL publication 2060525-0 [xml] Publications Office of the

More information

Improving International Migration Statistics Selected examples from OECD

Improving International Migration Statistics Selected examples from OECD CARIM-East Methodological Workshop II Warsaw, 27-28 October 2011 Improving International Migration Statistics Selected examples from OECD Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division

More information

International Migration to the OECD in the 21 st Century

International Migration to the OECD in the 21 st Century KNOMAD Working Paper 16 International Migration to the OECD in the 21 st Century Cansin Arslan Jean-Christophe Dumont Zovanga L. Kone Çağlar Özden, Christopher R. Parsons Theodora Xenogiani October 2016

More information

Does Corruption Ease the Burden of Regulation? National and Subnational Evidence

Does Corruption Ease the Burden of Regulation? National and Subnational Evidence MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Does Corruption Ease the Burden of Regulation? National and Subnational Evidence Michael Breen and Robert Gillanders Dublin City University October 2017 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82088/

More information

Return of convicted offenders

Return of convicted offenders Monthly statistics December : Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 869 persons in December, and 173 of these were convicted offenders. The NPIS forcibly

More information

Worldwide Governance Analysis and Lessons for Policy: An Empirical Approach

Worldwide Governance Analysis and Lessons for Policy: An Empirical Approach Worldwide Governance Analysis and Lessons for Policy: An Empirical Approach Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation at CIBER-WAGE Seminar, University of Wisconsin,

More information

OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF LITHUANIA 2018 Promoting inclusive growth

OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF LITHUANIA 2018 Promoting inclusive growth OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF LITHUANIA 218 Promoting inclusive growth Vilnius, 5 July 218 http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-lithuania.htm @OECDeconomy @OECD 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211

More information

Figure 2: Range of scores, Global Gender Gap Index and subindexes, 2016

Figure 2: Range of scores, Global Gender Gap Index and subindexes, 2016 Figure 2: Range of s, Global Gender Gap Index and es, 2016 Global Gender Gap Index Yemen Pakistan India United States Rwanda Iceland Economic Opportunity and Participation Saudi Arabia India Mexico United

More information

Centre for Economic Policy Research

Centre for Economic Policy Research The Australian National University Centre for Economic Policy Research DISCUSSION PAPER Happiness and the Human Development Index: Australia is Not a Paradox Andrew Leigh* and Justin Wolfers** DISCUSSION

More information

Life-Cycle Wage Growth Across Countries

Life-Cycle Wage Growth Across Countries Life-Cycle Wage Growth Across Countries David Lagakos UCSD Tommaso Porzio Yale Benjamin Moll Princeton Nancy Qian Yale Todd Schoellman ASU Northwestern, 18 April 2016 1 Life-Cycle Human Capital Accumulation

More information

Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions

Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions Niklas Potrafke CESIFO WORKING PAPER NO. 4278 CATEGORY 2: PUBLIC CHOICE JUNE 2013 An electronic version of the paper

More information

The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 375 persons in March 2018, and 136 of these were convicted offenders.

The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 375 persons in March 2018, and 136 of these were convicted offenders. Statistics March 2018: Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 375 persons in March 2018, and 136 of these were convicted offenders. The NPIS is responsible

More information

The NPIS is responsible for forcibly returning those who are not entitled to stay in Norway.

The NPIS is responsible for forcibly returning those who are not entitled to stay in Norway. Monthly statistics December 2014: Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 532 persons in December 2014. 201 of these returnees had a criminal conviction

More information

Income and Population Growth

Income and Population Growth Supplementary Appendix to the paper Income and by Markus Brueckner and Hannes Schwandt November 2013 downloadable from: https://sites.google.com/site/markusbrucknerresearch/research-papers Table of Contents

More information

World Bank list of economies (NOV 2017)

World Bank list of economies (NOV 2017) World Bank list of economies (NOV 2017) (Bold indicates a change of classification, whole line bold is WSAVA member) Changed in 2017 to tier colour nr. WSAVA MEMBER? Economy/ Association Code WSAVA REGION

More information

Governance, Transparency & Corruption Matters: An Evidence-Based Approach at the Global and National Level

Governance, Transparency & Corruption Matters: An Evidence-Based Approach at the Global and National Level Governance, Transparency & Corruption Matters: An Evidence-Based Approach at the Global and National Level Daniel Kaufmann, President & CEO, Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) www.resourcegovernance.org

More information

DANMARKS NATIONALBANK

DANMARKS NATIONALBANK DANMARKS NATIONALBANK TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE DANISH LABOUR MARKET Niels Lynggård Hansen, Head of Economics and Monetary Policy May 22, 218 Outline 1) Past trends 2) The Danish labour-market model

More information

Regional Scores. African countries Press Freedom Ratings 2001

Regional Scores. African countries Press Freedom Ratings 2001 Regional Scores African countries Press Freedom 2001 Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cape Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Cote

More information

Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention

Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention 14/12/2016 Number of Contracting Parties: 169 Country Entry into force Notes Albania 29.02.1996 Algeria 04.03.1984 Andorra 23.11.2012 Antigua and Barbuda 02.10.2005

More information

Statistical Appendix 2 for Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report March 1, 2018

Statistical Appendix 2 for Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report March 1, 2018 Statistical Appendix 2 for Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report 2018 March 1, 2018 1 Table 1: Average ladder and number of observations by domestic or foreign born in 2005-17 surveys - Part 1 Domestic born:

More information

Governance Matters IV: New Data, New Challenges. Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi 1 The World Bank May 2005

Governance Matters IV: New Data, New Challenges. Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi 1 The World Bank May 2005 Governance Matters IV: New Data, New Challenges Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi 1 The World Bank May 2005 In a new study we present a set of governance indicators covering 209 countries

More information

Poverty, Inequality and Jobs: How does the sectoral composition of employment affect inequality?

Poverty, Inequality and Jobs: How does the sectoral composition of employment affect inequality? Poverty, Inequality and Jobs: How does the sectoral composition of employment affect inequality? Arief Yusuf, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia & Andy Sumner, King s College London Introduction Traditional

More information

2011 ICP: Validation and Experimental calculations

2011 ICP: Validation and Experimental calculations Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized International Comparison Program [01.02] 2011 ICP: Validation and Experimental calculations

More information

Governance and the City:

Governance and the City: Governance and the City: Global Determinants of Urban Performance and Implications from an International Perspective Daniel Kaufmann, Frannie Léautier & Massimo Mastruzzi The World Bank Institute http://worldbank.org/wbi/governance/

More information

2018 Global Law and Order

2018 Global Law and Order 2018 Global Law and Order Copyright Standards This document contains proprietary research, copyrighted and trademarked materials of Gallup, Inc. Accordingly, international and domestic laws and penalties

More information

2017 Social Progress Index

2017 Social Progress Index 2017 Social Progress Index Central Europe Scorecard 2017. For information, contact Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited In this pack: 2017 Social Progress Index rankings Country scorecard(s) Spotlight on indicator

More information

Online Appendix to What Do Corruption Indices Measure?

Online Appendix to What Do Corruption Indices Measure? Online Appendix to What Do Corruption Indices Measure? Dilyan Donchev International Finance Corporation E-mail: donchev@post.harvard.edu Gergely Ujhelyi Economics Department, University of Houston E-mail:

More information

Country Participation

Country Participation Country Participation IN ICP 2003 2006 The current round of the International Comparison Program is the most complex statistical effort yet providing comparable data for about 150 countries worldwide.

More information

A Partial Solution. To the Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference

A Partial Solution. To the Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference A Partial Solution To the Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference Some of our most important questions are causal questions. 1,000 5,000 10,000 50,000 100,000 10 5 0 5 10 Level of Democracy ( 10 = Least

More information

LIST OF CHINESE EMBASSIES OVERSEAS Extracted from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People s Republic of China *

LIST OF CHINESE EMBASSIES OVERSEAS Extracted from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People s Republic of China * ANNEX 1 LIST OF CHINESE EMBASSIES OVERSEAS Extracted from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People s Republic of China * ASIA Chinese Embassy in Afghanistan Chinese Embassy in Bangladesh Chinese Embassy

More information