Short Answer Question #1 Answer a, b, and c. a)briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to

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1 Short Answer Question #1 Answer a, b, and c. a)briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the period 1492 to b)briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the same period. c)briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same period

2 A)One example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American society was that Native Americans died in huge numbers. About 90% of all Native Americans died within 100 years of Columbus's arrival because they had no immunity to European diseases like small pox and the flu. B) A second example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American society was the fact Native Americans were forced to assimilate by the Spanish. Native Americans in Spanish colonies were forced to become Catholic, often times through the mission system, and forced into slavery through encomienda. C) Native Americans resisted by fighting back. One example was Metacom s War where Native Americans in New England united against Puritans settlers and destroyed over 50 villages forcing many settlers to flee to Boston for safety.

3 Short Answer Question #2 a)briefly explain why ONE of the following options most clearly marks the beginning of the sectional crisis that led to the outbreak of the Civil War. Northwest Ordinance (1787) Missouri Compromise (1820) Acquisition of Mexican territory (1848) b)provide an example of an event or development to support your explanation. c)briefly explain why one of the other options is NOT as useful to mark the beginning of the sectional crisis

4 a) The event that most marks the beginning of the outbreak of the Civil War was the establishment and repeal of the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise was an attempt to mollify both the Pro-Slavery forces and antislavery forces by giving both a new state, Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state maintaining a balance between the 2 sides. b) The establishment 36*30 as the demarcation line between slave territory and free territory allowing for now slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of that line. The repeal of this line with the Kansas/Nebraska act enraged northerners as an attempt by the South to expand slavery and their power. c) The event that least lead to the Civil War was the establishment of the NW Ordinance which was the 1 st attempt by the federal government to ban slavery in the territories, but the issue of slavery was not settled for almost another 100 with the result of the Civil War.

5 Using the 1883 image above, answer a, b, and c. a)briefly explain the point of view about the economy expressed by the artist. b)briefly explain ONE development in the period 1865 to 1910 that could be used to support the point of view expressed by the artist. c)briefly explain ONE development in the period 1865 to 1910 that could be used to challenge the point of view expressed by the artist.

6 A) The point of view being expressed by the artist is one where America s industrialists know as the Robber Barons were exploiting their workers in an effort to amass incredible amounts of wealth, and not sharing anything with those that helped create their wealth. B) One of the best examples of this exploitation was the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire where the female workers jumped from the 9 th and 10 th floors of their building to avoid being burned because the exits were locked in an effort to ensure the workers could not leave their workplace for bathroom breaks. This event inflamed Americans to create regulations that would protect workers at their workplace which were not in effect before. C)A point that these industrialists were beneficial to America is the fact that industrialization would never have been as effective without the effort and desire of these men to become incredibly rich. These Robber Barons helped to transform a rural nation after the Civil War in the 1860 s to the richest and largest industrial nation on the planet in just 40 years. Their industrial foundation helped to transform America into the world leader it is today, just like Alexander Hamilton envisioned only a couple generations before these Robber Barons became America s new kings.

7 Use the image above to answer parts a, b, and c. a) Briefly explain the point of view expressed through the image about ONE of the following. Emancipation Citizenship Political participation b) Briefly explain ONE outcome of the Civil War that led to the historical change depicted in the image. c) Briefly explain ONE way in which the historical change you explained in part b was challenged in the period between 1866 and 1896

8 A) The image best exemplifies the concept of emancipation as the three voters in the picture are no longer under the system of slavery that denied the majority of Freedmen their civil rights. B) The 13 th Amendment abolished the system of slavery throughout all of the United States and the reelection of Lincoln in 1864 ensured President Lincoln that ending slavery was the desire on most Americans. C) In the south however, they devised Black Codes in an attempt to return freedmen to a system as close to slavery as possible. These codes established unfair laws where in a freedman could be arrested for homelessness, even though owning land or renting to a freedman was illegal, and the freedman would be loaned out to their former master to serve their sentence.

9 United States historians have proposed various events to mark the beginning of an American identity. A) Choose ONE of the events listed below, and explain why your choice best represents the beginning of an American identity. Provide at least ONE piece of evidence to support your explanation. End of the Seven Years War (French and Indian War) in 1763 Signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 Ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788 B)Contrast your choice against ONE of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice.

10 A) The event that most exemplifies the beginning on an American identity is the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Beside the fact that it marks the moment that Americans no longer claim to be English citizens and declare war against their former countrymen, it is also the moment when Americans states how being an American is special because they are all united in the rights they share, equality and inalienable rights. B) The event that least exemplifies the birth of the American identity is the end of the Fr/Ind War because even though this is the moment when relations b/t the US and England begin to break down, Americans still see themselves as Englishmen that want to find a solution to continue living as subjects of the King.

11 Use the image above and your knowledge of United States history to answer parts A, B, and C. A)Explain the point of view reflected in the image regarding ONE of the following: Migration Technology American Indians B)Explain how ONE element of the image expresses the point of view you identified in Part A. C)Explain how the point of view you identified in Part A helped to shape ONE specific United States government action between 1845 and 1900

12 Migration of Americans moving west is expressed in this image by the movement of American farmers moving west in an effort to find cheap land. This is shown in the image with the farmers in the lower right hand corner plowing their field that has been fenced off. The federal government made an effort to helped farmers want to move west with the establishment of the Homestead Act where a farmer could earn 150 acres of land for $10 simply for living on the land for 10 years and improving the land. Technology is being expressed in this picture showing America s movement west with the image of the three trains moving to the left or the west. The railroads were added by the government in helping America conquer the west with the handing out of land grants to the rail road companies by the federal government. Under this scenario, for every mile of track laid in the west, the RR company would receive 10 sq. miles of land, which they would sell for a substantial profit as the rr and availability of transportation suddenly made previously worthless land valuable for a farmer who could send their crops to the east for money.

13 United States historians have noted several events that have expanded the power of the federal government. A. Briefly explain how ONE of the following options most clearly expanded the power of the federal government: the Civil War, the New Deal, or the Great Society. B. Provide an example or development to support your answer. C. Contrast your choice against one of the other options, briefly explaining why it is not as good an example of the expansion of federal power.

14 A) The Great Society is the event that most expanded the role of the Federal Government because Government made a permanent commitment to help those in poverty or those who can t fully provide for themselves. B) An example of the GS providing help is Medicare where the Gov. provides health insurance for those that most need it and those who probably can afford it least as the elderly will most likely be retired. C) The event that expanded the role of the Fed. Gov. the least is the Civil War. Even though the Fed. Gov. took the enormous step of ending slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation and 13 th Amendment, the Fed. Gov. failed to continue to provide the necessary protection to ensure that Af/Am who were now freed also enjoyed the same civil rights as white Americans.

15 Using the excerpts, answer a, b, and c a) Briefly explain ONE major difference between Wiebe s and Sklar s historical interpretations. b) Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1880 to 1920 not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Wiebe s argument. c) Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1880 to 1920 not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Sklar s argument. Most [Progressive Era reformers] lived and worked in the midst of modern society and accepting its major thrust drew both their inspiration and their programs from its specific traits.... They prized their organizations... as sources of everyday strength, and generally they also accepted the organizations that were multiplying about them.... The heart of progressivism was the ambition of the new middle class to fulfill its destiny through bureaucratic means. Robert H. Wiebe, historian, The Search for Order, , published in 1967 Women s collective action in the Progressive era certainly expressed a maternalist ideology [a set of ideas that women s roles as mothers gave them a responsibility to care for society as well].... But it was also sparked by a moral vision of a more equitable distribution of the benefits of industrialization.... Within the political culture of middle-class women, gender consciousness combined with an awareness of class-based injustices, and talented leaders combined with grassroots activism to produce an impressive force for social, political, and economic change. Kathryn Kish Sklar, historian, The Historical Foundations of Women s Power in the Creation of the American Welfare State, Mothers of a New World, 1993

16 A) The major difference between the historical interpretations of the Progressive Movement is that Wiebe felt it was the actions of the middle class that brought positive change to America, where as, Sklar felt that women were central to the reforms of the period. B) One way the middle class made a difference in America between was through the social gospel which was the belief that middle class Christians should help others wherever they could. Organizations like the YMCA and Salvation Army come from this movement. C) AN example where the participation of women made a difference was in their effort to earn the right to vote with the passage of the 19 th Amendment.