History Department Guide to the IB. Impington Village College

Transcription

1 History Department Guide to the IB Impington Village College

2 Welcome to the History Department This guide is designed to provide you with the necessary tools to succeed in History. You will find syllabus details, homework topics, mark schemes, reading lists and tips to aid essay writing and source work. Use this guide to assist you in revision and to keep track of your studies for each unit. You will be covering much more in lessons and you will be given homework assignments not mentioned in this guide as a supplement to assist you in preparing for the final examinations. The tackling of essays and source work sheets will be beneficial when it comes to revision and practising for the examinations. Do not use this guide alone; it is designed to supplement the course hand-outs, notes and homework given out during lesson time. At IB you should expect to study seven periods of History a fortnight regardless of whether you are standard or higher level. Be prepared to get involved, complete all homework on time and ask questions whenever you need to. History Department Contacts: Mr Philip Arkinstall Ms Suzanne Daley Miss Katie Moore Mrs Sarah Black Lead Teacher: History parkinstall@impington.cambs.sch.uk Progression Coordinator/History Teacher sdaley@impington.cambs.sch.uk History Teacher kmoore@impington.cambs.sch.uk History Teacher sblack@impington.cambs.sch.uk 2

3 Contents Page Page 2 Page 3 Page 4-9 Welcome Overview of the course Syllabus Page Guide to Paper 1 Pages Guide to Paper 2/3 Page 20 Tackling Paper 1 Page 21 Tackling Paper 2 Page 22 Page 23 Pages Pages Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Reading List Paper 2 & 3 Mark Scheme Coursework Mark Scheme Exam Style Questions How to write essays How to work with sources Tips 3

4 Group 3: Individuals and Society Sixth Form History at Impington History is more than the study of the past. It is the process of recording, reconstructing and interpreting the past through the investigation of a variety of sources. It is a discipline that gives people an understanding of themselves and others in relation to the world, both past and present IB Handbook 2009 History Route 2: 20 th Century World History Year 12 IB 4 Units full year in length 1. Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations Russian History 1860s Origins of World War One 4. Coursework Homework: Essays, source work (paper 1), reading and coursework Extra-curricular: Battlefield Trip July, Year 13 IB 3 Units full year in length 1. Cold War 2. China 3. Mussolini and Hitler Homework: Essays, source work, reading and (for some) extended essay Extra-curricular: Parliament Trip 4

5 Standard Level Higher Level Assessment Breakdown Paper 1 30% Paper 1 20% Paper 2 45% Paper 2 25% Paper 3 35% C/W 25% C/W 20% Assessment Paper 1 SL: a document-based paper set on the Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations Paper 1 HL: a document-based paper set on the Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations Paper 2 SL/HL: an essay paper based on answering 2 questions from a range of topics Paper 2 SL/HL: an essay paper based on answering 2 questions from a range of topics Paper 3 HL: an essay paper based on answering 3 questions from a range of topics Internal assessment (IA): the historical investigation Internal assessment (IA): the historical investigation 5

6 IB History Syllabus SL/HL Route 2: 20 th Century World History Paper 1 Prescribed subject 1: Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations This prescribed subject addresses international relations from 1918 to 1936 with emphasis on the Paris Peace Settlement its making, impact and problems of enforcement and attempts during the period to promote collective security and international cooperation through the League of Nations and multilateral agreements (outside the League mechanism), arms reduction and the pursuit of foreign policy goals without resort to violence. The prescribed subject also requires consideration of the extent to which the aims of peacemakers and peacekeepers were realized and the obstacles to success. Areas on which the source-based questions will focus are: aims of the participants and peacemakers: Wilson and the Fourteen Points terms of the Paris Peace Treaties : Versailles, St Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sèvres/Lausanne 1923 the geopolitical and economic impact of the treaties on Europe; the establishment and impact of the mandate system enforcement of the provisions of the treaties: US isolationism the retreat from the Anglo American Guarantee; disarmament Washington, London, Geneva conferences the League of Nations: effects of the absence of major powers; the principle of collective security and early attempts at peacekeeping (1920-5) the Ruhr Crisis (1923); Locarno and the Locarno Spring (1925) Depression and threats to international peace and collective security: Manchuria (1931-3) and Abyssinia (1935-6). Paper 2 Introduction to route 2 topics Students are required to study two topics from the following list. Topic 1: Causes, practices and effects of wars Topic 2: Democratic states challenges and responses Topic 3: Origins and development of authoritarian and single-party states Topic 4: Nationalist and independence movements in Africa and Asia and post-1945 Central and Eastern European states Topic 5: The Cold War The topics should be studied through a selection of case studies drawn from different regions. Knowledge of topics beyond 2000 is not required. The syllabus specifications for every topic include major themes and material for detailed study. Students should study a selection from the material for detailed study using the themes to guide them. It is important to ensure that examples selected for detailed study cover two regions as outlined by the map provided. In the examination that tests this component (SL/HL paper 2) questions will be set on major themes. Named questions will be confined to the material in major themes and detailed study. When answering open-ended questions students can use examples from the list and/or alternative examples. Figure 1 World map showing regional divisions of the IB history course (map shows borders as at 2000) Topic 1: Causes, practices and effects of wars

7 War was a major feature of the 20th century. In this topic the different types of war should be identified, and the causes, practices and effects of these conflicts should be studied. Major themes Different types and nature of 20th century warfare Civil Guerrilla Limited war, total war Origins and causes of wars Long-term, short-term and immediate causes Economic, ideological, political, religious causes Nature of 20th century wars Technological developments, tactics and strategies, air, land and sea Home front: economic and social impact (including changes in the role and status of women) Resistance and revolutionary movements Effects and results of wars Peace settlements and wars ending without treaties Attempts at collective security pre- and post-second World War Political repercussions and territorial changes Post-war economic problems Material for detailed study First World War (1914-8) Second World War ( ) Africa: Algerian War ( ), Nigerian Civil War ( ) Americas: Falklands/Malvinas war (1982), Nicaraguan Revolution (1976-9) Asia and Oceania: Indo-Pakistan wars (1947-9, 1965, 1971), Chinese Civil War ( and ) Europe and Middle East: Spanish Civil War (1936-9), Iran Iraq war ( ), Gulf War (1991) Topic 3: Origins and development of authoritarian and single-party states The 20th century produced many authoritarian and single-party states. The origins, ideology, form of government, organization, nature and impact of these regimes should be studied. Major themes Origins and nature of authoritarian and singleparty states Conditions that produced authoritarian and single-party states Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was achieved Establishment of authoritarian and single party states Methods: force, legal Form of government, (left- and right-wing) ideology Nature, extent and treatment of opposition Domestic policies and impact Structure and organization of government and administration Political, economic, social and religious policies 7

8 Role of education, the arts, the media, propaganda Status of women, treatment of religious groups and minorities Material for detailed study Africa: Kenya Kenyatta; Tanzania Nyerere Americas: Argentina Perón; Cuba Castro Asia and Oceania: China Mao; Indonesia Sukarno Europe and the Middle East: Germany Hitler; USSR Stalin; Egypt Nasser Topic 5: The Cold War This topic addresses East West relations from It aims to promote an international perspective and understanding of the origins, course and effects of the Cold War a conflict that dominated global affairs from the end of the Second World War to the early 1990s. It includes superpower rivalry and events in all areas affected by Cold War politics such as spheres of interest, wars (proxy), alliances and interference in developing countries. Major themes Origins of the Cold War Ideological differences Mutual suspicion and fear From wartime allies to post-war enemies Nature of the Cold War Ideological opposition Superpowers and spheres of influence Alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War Development and impact of the Cold War Global spread of the Cold War from its European origins Cold War policies of containment, brinkmanship, peaceful coexistence, détente Role of the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement Role and significance of leaders Arms race, proliferation and limitation Social, cultural and economic impact End of the Cold War Break-up of Soviet Union: internal problems and external pressures Breakdown of Soviet control over Central and Eastern Europe Material for detailed study Wartime conferences: Yalta and Potsdam US policies and developments in Europe: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO Soviet policies, Sovietization of Eastern and Central Europe, COMECON, Warsaw Pact Sino Soviet relations US Chinese relations Germany (especially Berlin ( )), Congo ( ), Afghanistan ( ), Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, Middle East Castro, Gorbachev, Kennedy, Mao, Reagan, Stalin, Truman 8

9 Higher Level You will complete Paper 1 and 2, but also a third paper based on knowledge gained in the following syllabus content. Paper 3 HL option 5: Aspects of the history of Europe and the Middle East This option covers major trends in Europe and the Middle East in the period from the mid 18th century to the end of the 20th century. Europe and the Middle East are geographically close, and their similarities and differences have resulted in periods of cooperation and enmity. Major developments included revolutions; the decline of empires and the establishment of nation states; political, social and economic reforms; and the emergence of dictatorships and the reemergence of democracy. Although the focus is on major countries, developments in other states can be studied through case studies. Within the sections there will be, where appropriate, a case study approach in which students will have the opportunity to study their own or another national history of the region. Only people and events named in the guide will be named in the examination questions. In some bullets, suitable examples are shown in brackets. These examples will not be named in the examination questions as any appropriate examples could be used. Three sections must be selected for in-depth study. Please note that this option is available only to students who have studied the route 2 SL/HL core syllabus. Figure 5 Map of Europe and the Middle East region (borders as at 2000) 5. Imperial Russia, revolutions, emergence of Soviet State This section deals with the decline of imperial power in Tsarist Russia and the emergence of the Soviet State. It requires examination and consideration of the social, economic and political factors that inaugurated and accelerated the process of decline. Attempts at domestic reform and the extent to which these hastened or hindered decline should be studied, together with the impact of war and foreign entanglements. Alexander II ( ): emancipation of the serfs; military, legal, educational, local government reforms; later reaction Policies of Alexander III ( ) and Nicholas II ( ): backwardness and attempts at modernization; nature of tsardom; growth of opposition movements Significance of the Russo-Japanese War; 1905 Revolution; Stolypin and the Duma; the impact of the First World War ( ) on Russia 1917 Revolutions: February/March Revolution; Provisional Government and Dual Power (Soviets); October/November Bolshevik Revolution; Lenin and Trotsky Lenin s Russia ( ): consolidation of new Soviet state; Civil War; War Communism; NEP; terror and coercion; foreign relations 9

10 6. European diplomacy and the First World War This section deals with the longer- and shorter-term origins of the First World War, its course and consequences. The breakdown of European diplomacy pre-1914 and the crises produced in international relations should be examined. It covers how the practice of war affected the military and home fronts. The section also investigates reasons for the Allied victory/central Powers defeat plus a study of the economic, political and territorial effects of the post-war Paris Peace Settlement. European diplomacy and the changing balance of power after 1870 Aims, methods, continuity and change in German foreign policy to 1914; global colonial rivalry Relative importance of: the Alliance System; decline of the Ottoman Empire; Austria Hungary and Balkan nationalism; arms race; international and diplomatic crises Effects on civilian population; impact of war on women socially and politically Factors leading to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers (Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria); strategic errors; economic factors; the entry and role of the United States Post-war peace treaties and their territorial, political and economic effects on Europe: Versailles (St Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sèvres/Lausanne) 8. Interwar years: conflict and cooperation This section deals with the period between the two World Wars and the attempts to promote international cooperation and collective security. Obstacles to cooperation, such as post-war revisionism, economic crises and challenges to democracy and political legitimacy in Italy, Germany and Spain respectively, all require examination and consideration. The policies of the right-wing regimes and the responses of democratic states are also the focus of this section. Germany : political, constitutional, economic, financial and social problems Italy : Mussolini s domestic and foreign policies The impact of the Great Depression (case study of its effect on one country in Europe) Spanish Civil War: background to the outbreak of the Civil War; causes and consequences; foreign involvement; reasons for Nationalist victory Hitler s domestic and foreign policy ( ) Search for collective security; appeasement in the interwar years; the failure of international diplomacy; the outbreak of war in The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe This section deals with the consolidation of the Soviet state from 1924 and the methods applied to ensure its survival, growth and expansion inside and outside the borders of the Soviet Union. The rise and nature of the rule of Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and the policies and practice of Sovietization (post-1945) in Central and Eastern Europe are areas for examination. East West relations post-1945 in relation to Soviet aims and leadership should also be considered. Stalin ( ): power struggle; collectivization and industrialization; Five Year Plans; constitution; cult of personality; purges; impact on society; foreign relations to 1941 The Great Patriotic War: breakdown of wartime alliance; Cold War; policies towards Germany: Berlin; Eastern European satellite states; Warsaw Pact Khrushchev ( ): struggle for power after Stalin s death; destalinization; peaceful coexistence; domestic policies: economic and agricultural; foreign relations: Hungary, Berlin, Cuba, China Brezhnev: domestic and foreign policies Case study of one Sovietized/satellite state: establishment of Soviet control; the nature of the single-party state; domestic policies; opposition and dissent (suitable examples could be East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, but all relevant states are valid) Transformation of Soviet Union: political developments and change ( ) 10

11 Assessment Standard Level Higher Level Assessment Breakdown Paper 1 30% Paper 1 20% Paper 2 45% Paper 2 25% Paper 3 35% C/W 25% C/W 20% Assessment Paper 1 SL: a document-based paper set on the Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations Paper 1 HL: a document-based paper set on the Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations Paper 2 SL/HL: an essay paper based on answering 2 questions from a range of topics Paper 2 SL/HL: an essay paper based on answering 2 questions from a range of topics Paper 3 HL: an essay paper based on answering 3 questions from a range of topics Internal assessment (IA): the historical investigation Internal assessment (IA): the historical investigation 11

12 Paper 1: Topic Guide Peacemaking, peacekeeping international relations, This prescribed subject addresses international relations from 1918 to 1936 with emphasis on the Paris Peace Settlement its making, impact and problems of enforcement and attempts during the period to promote collective security and international cooperation through the League of Nations and multilateral agreements (outside the League mechanism), arms reduction and the pursuit of foreign policy goals without resort to violence. The prescribed subject also requires consideration of the extent to which the aims of peacemakers and peacekeepers were realized and the obstacles to success. Topic Content Homework Background to period Paris Peace Settlement How effective were the other five peace settlements ? Geo-political and economic impacts of the treaties on Europe Enforcement of the treaties League of Nations ( ) Case Study: Germany 1920s Ruhr Crisis and Locarno Depression and threats to international peace and collective security Define peacemaking, peace keeping and international relations. Look at end of WW1 Wilson and the14 points, Treaty of Versailles, who were the Peacemakers? Terms of the Paris peace treaties; St Germain and Trianon, Sèvres, Neuilly, Riga Treaty of Rapallo, Polish Corridor, new states Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania, introduction of the mandate system US isolationism, retreat from Anglo- American agreement, Washington Naval Conference, London Naval Conference, Geneva Disarmament Conference (1932-4) Effects of the absence of major powers; the principle of collective security and early attempts at peacekeeping (1920-5), early problems with the League Reparations, the Ruhr, Hyperinflation, Dawes Plan, Young Plan, the spirit of Locarno, joining the League of Nations Manchuria , Abyssinia Read article and answer questions: Mc Donough, The Origins of the First and Second World Wars: Perspectives in History (Cambridge, 1997). Chapter, The drift towards alliances. Cate Brett, The Paris Peace Conference 1919 Hindsight, April 2001 Dr Ruth Henig How vindictive was the peace treaty? The Treaty of Versailles 80 Years On. Modern History Review, April Kerry Ellis, Queen of the Sands History Today, January 2004 Chapter 7 The Geneva Dream: The League of Nations and Post-War Internationalism League of Nations source analysis Essay How successful was the League of Nations? Preparations for a historiographical debate on the justification of reparations Source work Abyssinia source analysis 12

13 This part of the course continues to cover the origins of the Second World War, but WILL NOT be part of the Paper 1 source questions. How did Hitler contribute to the failure of the League? Case Study: Spanish Civil War Appeasement and the causes of World War Two ( ) Comparison between causes of First and Second World War German expansion, Rhineland, Saar Plebiscite, Anti-Comintern Pact 1936, why was 1936 such a successful year for Hitler? Origins of Civil War, Guernica, failure of the League Hossbach Memorandum, Anschluss, Munich Conference, appeasement, Nazi-Soviet Pact, Invasion of Poland, Why did the Second World War break out? Rank factors that caused both and draw similarities and differences. Statements challenge: Using evidence to support or refute the statements Adam Tooze article Hitler s gamble Appeasement source analysis Essay Why did the Second World War break out? 13

14 Paper 2: Topic 1 Guide Causes, practices, and effects of war War was a major feature of the 20th century. In this topic the different types of war should be identified, and the causes, practices and effects of these conflicts should be studied. Long-term, short-term and immediate causes Economic, ideological, political, religious causes You will study the origins of the First and Second World War for this topic and the peace settlement at the end of the First World War in detail. You may be able to do the after effect of the Second World War too after studying the Cold War in Year 13. Origins of the FWW Topic Content Homework Why do wars begin? Introduction to the unit, experience of First World War (sights, sounds and style of warfare) sea, land) Background to the First World War Long-term causes European maps, cartoon stereotype of Europe in 1914, Hopes and Fears of Nations, web of alliances task p210 IB core book) Militarism, nationalism and the Kaiser, Anglo-German naval rivalry 1900, Decline of the Ottoman Empire, Research an element of the First World War a battle, phase of the conflict, theatre of war or type (air, Why the World went to war article to read IB learner profile link activity (IB Core book p214) Panther at Agadir, History Today article to read Short-term causes Immediate causes Did Germany cause the war? How did the Allies win the First World War? Territorial changes Summary of the causes of the First World War War Plans Schlieffen Plan, Plan 17, Moroccan Crisis, 1905 and 1911, arms race, Assassination FF, July crisis, blank cheque Source activity and discussion on where the blame lies? Why wasn t the war over by Christmas? Why did Germany surrender in 1918? Look at the geographical boundary changes and discuss the consequences for Europe Card sort, factors and final essay prep. Industry, war and power source activity (IB Core book p208) AJP Taylor Origins of the First World War from the library read a few key chapters Source analysis of July Crisis Essay question To what extent was Germany responsible for the start of the First World War? Use the research task set at the beginning of the lesson to fuel student-led teaching here Outline map show the change in borders (IB Core book p260) What caused the First World War Historians table and questions (IB Core Textbook p215) 14

15 Origins of SWW Topic Content Homework How did Hitler contribute to the failure of the League? Case Study: Spanish Civil War Appeasement and the causes of World War Two ( ) Comparison between causes of First and Second World War German expansion, Rhineland, Saar Plebiscite, Anti- Comintern Pact 1936, why was 1936 such a successful year for Hitler? Origins of Civil War, Guernica, failure of the League Hossbach Memorandum, Anschluss, Munich Conference, appeasement, Nazi-Soviet Pact, Invasion of Poland, Why did the Second World War break out? Rank factors that caused both and draw similarities and differences. Statements challenge: Using evidence to support or refute the statements Adam Tooze article Hitler s gamble Appeasement source analysis Essay Why did the Second World War break out? 15

16 Paper 2: Topic 3 Guide Origins and development of authoritarian and single-party states The 20th century produced many authoritarian and single-party states. The origins, ideology, form of government, organization, nature and impact of these regimes should be studied. Russia 1850s-1953 Topic Content Homework Background to Russia Geography, language, religion, difficulty in rule? Potted Russian History Research the Tsars Judge success and failures Early Tsars Alexander II emancipation of the Serfs, Policies of Alexander III and Nicholas II, Reading task on autocracy & decision on models of democracy nature of Tsardom, Opposition to Tsardom Liberals, revolutionaries, populists, Source work Bloody Sunday Long/Short Term causes of 1905 Revolution How did the Tsar survive 1905? Marxists Russo-Japanese war, peasant unrest, industrial unrest, political opposition, Bloody Sunday (trigger) Duma, October Manifesto, Sergei Witte as Prime Minister, treaties signed. Was it doomed to fail? Did it just postpone failure? 1905 Revolution Timeline Long/Short term factors Tsar essay & how to write a good essay (supply mark scheme) Read October Manifesto Short/Long Term causes of 1917 Revolution Military disaster in FWW, economic problems, political problems Why did the regime not survive grid? 1917 Revolution Timeline Long/Short term February Revolution Riots, war, Tsar s role, Duma, Lenin & Trotsky biographies October Revolution Storming of the Winter Palace and events of Lenin s role in April 1917 the Revolution (video/storyboard) sources Why were the Bolsheviks able to seize power? Consolidation of Power Establishment of Single party rule How was Stalin able to secure the Party leadership? Why did Stalin end NEP? (Economic Policies) Role of Lenin, increased Bolshevik support, July days, Kornilov plot, Trotsky, support from the Soviets Civil War, Decrees, Economic policy, Constituent Assembly, Secret Police Creation of USSR, Structure of Government, nature of the party and NEP Positions, rivals, underestimated, outmanoeuvre Trotsky, Trotsky s health. Why end NEP, Collectivisation, Industrialisation. Did he achieve his aims? Lenin s Legacy table and article NEP source work Leadership table for debate Stalin s rise essay Magnitogorsk film & guide to collective farm Statistical analysis Consolidation of Power Terror and Purges Gulag Article & questions Society and Culture Religion, Education, Women and youth, Party that Ate Itself article The Arts Foreign Policy Worldwide Revolution and Isolation, Permanent Revolution vs Socialism in One Country, Soviet Policy towards China, Historiography summary Stalin s obituary 16

17 China Topic Content Homework Introduction to Chinese History Map, brief history up to 1928 Create a short introduction to China series of event cards. Early origins of the CCP and the GMD Guomindang control of China, Chiang Kai Shek, death of Dr Sun Yatsen, achievements and problems of Nationalist Party under Chiang Kai Shek, Jiangxi Soviet 1934, White Terror, origins of the Chinese Biography of key figures Kai Shek, Mao, Sun Yatsen Source analysis of Long March Long March song lyrics How did Mao emerge as leader by 1949? Mao s rule of China (Consolidation of Power) Foreign Policy Comparison between Mao and Stalin Communist Party Long March 1935, Extermination campaigns of the GMD, War with Japan, Xian incident, Red Army tactics, Yanan Soviet, Civil War Problems to deal with, reforms of the 1950s, economic and social policies; 5 Year Plans, Hundred Flowers campaign, Great Leap Forward 1958, Cultural Revolution 1966, CCP and the USSR, aims of China s Foreign Policy, China s role in the Cold War (this should tie into work done on China in that part of the course) Similarities and differences in leadership style and aims Essay Analyse the methods used by Mao to maintain power Begin summary timeline of the China topic Extract from Wild Swans Read article on Mao and make comparisons with Stalin Prepare for a balloon debate looking at the leaders of single party states and prepare a defence for the three topic areas: rise to power, consolidation and policies. Plan past paper questions 17

18 Mussolini and Hitler Topic Content Homework Introduce/recap single party states. Introduce Hitler and Mussolini Recap nature of a single party state, the origins, consolidation and policies as an overview Background to Hitler and the Nazi Party individual profile, aims and origins of the Party and Problems of Liberal Italy (Background) Rise to Power How much did Hitler s Rise to Power owe much to the example of Mussolini? Consolidation of Power Political control Social and Economic policies Monarchy and origins of the problems facing them. Links with Tsar Nicholas II Impact of the FWW, rise of the Fascist movement, Mussolini becomes Prime Minister, personality or circumstance? Comparison work using H/W and discussions in class. Germany after WW1, Why did Hitler fail with the Munich Putsch in 1923? Mussolini s March on Rome, Nazi tactics , Hitler s trial 1924, Hitler and Mussolini s tactics. Mussolini: Murder of Matteotti, steps to dictatorship Hitler: Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act, Night of Long Knives, Hindenburg s death, Army Oath Cult of personality, propaganda vs control, why was Hitler s control stronger than Mussolini s Women, religion, education of both states. Did they share the same vision of society? Economic policies and strength of each nation 25 Point Programme Impact of FWW and problems with the Weimar Republic Begin a cross-comparison timeline of Mussolini and Hitler s rise to power Article reading Article reading Opposition reading and research Two historians views. Read and answer questions (IB Core book p340) Essay analyse the social and economic policies of Hitler Foreign Policy Summary of two leaders Look at the specific aims of each leader s Foreign Policy. Recap Hitler s from international relations course and look at Mussolini s in more depth Final comparison diagram of both leaders complete large A3 table including the Russian element Article reading Complete the table (IB Core book p366) 18

19 Paper 2: Topic 5 Guide The Cold War This topic addresses East West relations from It aims to promote an international perspective and understanding of the origins, course and effects of the Cold War a conflict that dominated global affairs from the end of the Second World War to the early 1990s. It includes superpower rivalry and events in all areas affected by Cold War politics such as spheres of interest, wars (proxy), alliances and interference in developing countries. Topic Content Homework Introduction to Cold Terms, nations, time period coverage Reading task War Early origins of the Cold War Wartime Conferences Germany after the war Economic factors Domino Effect in the Far East Post Soviet thaw and Europe Arms Race Sino-Soviet Relations 1917 Revolution, Zinoviev letter 1924, Munich Agreement 1938, Grand Alliance, differences in ideology during WW2 Casablanca, Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam. From wartime allies to post-war enemies Consequences of Potsdam and the division of Germany, Berlin Blockade Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Comecon China becomes Communist 1949, Korean War , Vietnam War De-Stalinisation and Khrushchev 1956, Hungarian Uprising 1956, Berlin Wall 1961, Czechoslovakia 1968 A-Bomb to H-Bomb, Bomber gap to Missile Gap, 1954 McCarthyism, Brinkmanship to Peaceful coexistence, MAD to NUTS, Space Race, Cuban Missile Crisis 1962, effects of Cuba (Hot Line and Test Ban Treaty) Role of Communist China in advancing communism, Soviet Union s Treaty of Friendship 1950, Sino-Soviet split 1953, Nixon and Mao 1972 and Sino-US Read and annotate the Atlantic Charter in preparation for discussion in class Analyse the profiles of the Big Three (IB Core textbook p11) Historians views of US responsibility for the development of the Cold War source task (A2 textbook p51-2) Set up essay question Ideology played a small part in the origin of the Cold War to what extent do you agree with this assertion? Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine source work Read and answer questions on NSC 68 document Source exercise Korean War (A2 textbook p67) Case Study investigation of the Congo Crisis, (research for class presentation) Mr Man/Little Miss Historiography poster TOK linked question about MAD using IB Core textbook (p484) Timeline task (A2 textbook p104) Essay question Evaluate the impact of the arms race on East-West relations rapprochement. Détente Causes of Détente, SALT I 1972, SALT Leadership timeline chart to complete II 1979, Leonid Brezhnev and Jimmy from the IB Core textbook (p491) Carter, Helsinki Accords 1975, Margaret Thatcher, 1980 Ronald Reagan s election How did the Cold War Individuals; Pope John Paul II, Thatcher Read chapter from John Lewis Gaddis 19

20 come to end? Nature of the Cold War and Reagan, Gorbachev and his reforms. Economic factors, growing rise in eastern European activism, Poland and Solidarity, Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989, Reunification of Germany 1990, USSR formally dissolved 1991 Summary timeline, thematic study, after effect The Cold War today The Cold War Individuals Factors judgement exercise (making links and justifying reasons for the end of the Cold War) 20

21 History IB: Tackling Paper 1 What you need to know about the paper: Paper 1 is a source-based paper set on prescribed subjects drawn from the 20 th century world history topics Your prescribed topic is Peacemaking, peacekeeping-international relations You must answer all four questions from the section; they are worth a total of 25 marks The examination lasts one hour and makes up 20% of the assessment for Higher Level History and 30% of the assessment for Standard Level. The Type of Sources: They will either be primary sources (written or created at the time) or a mixture of primary and secondary sources (produced after the event by someone who was not there at the time the event occurred) They may consist of written sources (e.g. letters, the text of a speech or extracts from a book), visual sources (e.g. paintings, cartoons, photos), diagrams or statistical information There will be five sources for each prescribed topic Style of Questions Question 1 Split into two parts (A and B) it will ask you to explain the message of a source or define a term or discuss something from a source. E.g. According to Source A, why did? 5 marks Question 2 Asks you to compare and contrast the views expressed by two sources, e.g. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Source A and C about the reasons for 6 marks Question 3 Looking at two sources students are to assess the origin, purpose, value and limitation to a historian studying X, Y or Z. E.g. With reference to their origins and purpose assess the value and limitations of Source B and D to an historian studying the Locarno Treaty. 6 marks Question 4 Use your own knowledge and the sources to construct an argument in answer to a question about the prescribed topic, e.g. Using the sources and your own knowledge, analyse the results of the Ruhr Crisis. 8 marks Answering the questions Write in complete sentences Ensure you have enough time to complete the whole paper. A rough guide would be: 5 minutes on question 1, 15 minutes on question 2, 15 minutes for question 3 and 20 minutes for question 4. (leaving 5 minutes for reading time) 21

22 History IB: Tackling Paper 2 What you need to know about the paper: The examination lasts one and a half hours It is divided into six sections The Rise and rule of single party states is topic 3 Five essay questions will be set on each topic Candidates must choose two questions each from different topics The maximum mark for each question is 20 In the case of the topics two questions will be open (use your own examples) - two will refer to people or events from the syllabus - one will be on social, cultural, economic or gender issues. - At least one will demand examples from two regions The essays: Spend a few minutes to decide which question to select from the topic areas. Look closely at the wording of the questions and make sure you understand what you need to address in your answer. Always plan your answer, spending at least 2 or 3 minutes per question. Give equal time to both essays. Keep your approach analytical; do not drift into describing what happened. Focus tightly on the question. Check that your first sentence is making a statement that directly answers the question Pay attention to command terms: 1. to what extent was Nazi Germany a totalitarian state? = weigh up the ways it was and was not a totalitarian state, reaching a conclusion about whether it was totally, largely, partly, or not at all, totalitarian. 2. compare and contrast the methods by which Hitler and Mussolini came to power = examine the similarities and differences between their methods. 3. analyse the conditions which gave rise to the single party state in China = This means examine or scrutinise the circumstances which made it possible for the Communist Party to be successful, explaining which conditions (social, economic, political or military) benefitted the CCP and evaluate which were most important. Use the formula; Point, Evidence, Explanation to ensure that you focus directly on the question. Identify the key features of the question in your introduction. Outline your thesis, the line of argument that your answer will take, and use some context to illustrate the scope of your argument. Make sure you leave time for a proper conclusion. The main purpose is to restate your key arguments Whatever information you put into your answer, whether it is a quote, fact or statistic, make sure you explain its significance in relation to the question. Do not feel that you have to pack your answer with references to differing schools of historical interpretation and named historians. You will get credit when it is used appropriately, but you could reach the top mark band without any such references. 22

23 IB HISTORY In the first year, students will be studying Russian History from Tsar Alex II to 1953, The Origins of World War One, the Interwar Years and the Rise of Fascism. An excellent course companion to assist introductions, note taking and revision for Year 13 would be the Oxford IB Course Companion: 20 th Century World History by Martin Cannon. Other highly recommended books are marked with an *. Suggested reading For first time studiers of History try: Tony Dawney Oxford History for GCSE: Russia and the USSR Stewart Ross Causes and Consequences of the First World War, Assassination in Sarajevo Martin Blinkhorn Mussolini and Fascist Italy (a nice introduction) Russia: Robert Service Stalin: A Biography and A History of Modern Russia Simon Sebag-Montefiore Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar and Young Stalin * Orlando Figes The Whisperers Michael Gibson, Russia under Stalin, the Documentary History Series (IB specific) Good novels include: A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch, a short novel; Animal Farm by George Orwell *, a short parable about dictatorship. WWI and Peace Treaties: Margaret MacMillan Peacemakers Sixth Months that Changed the World Giles Pope The Origins of the FWW (Specific IB book) AJP Taylor Origins of the First World War Good novels: Robert Graves, Goodbye To All That, Sebastian Faulks, Birdsong *, Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front Rise of Fascism: RJB Bosworth, Mussolini. Mark Blinkhorn Mussolini and Fascist Italy Ian Kershaw Hitler Michael Burleigh The Third Reich: A New History Cold War: John Lewis Gaddis The Cold War Jeremy Isaacs, Cold War: For Forty-five Years the World Held Its Breath Robert J. McMahon, The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction Mike Sewell, The Cold War Cambridge Perspectives in History series Good novels: Ian Fleming s James Bond series, John Le Carré s spy series. Any of the Teach Yourself series offer a good, broad overview of any of the above topics. 23

24 Paper 2/3 Mark Scheme The following bands provide a précis of the full mark bands for Paper 2 published in the History guide on pages They are intended to assist marking but must be used in conjunction with the full mark bands found in the guide. 0: Answers not meeting the requirements of descriptors should be awarded no marks. 1 3: Answers do not meet the demands of the question and show little or no evidence of appropriate structure. There are no more than vague, unsupported assertions. 4 5: There is little understanding of the question. Historical details are present but are mainly inaccurate and/or of marginal relevance. Historical context or processes are barely understood and there is minimal focus on the task. 6 7: Answers indicate some understanding of the question but historical knowledge is limited in quality and quantity. Historical context may be present as will understanding of historical processes but underdeveloped. The question is only partially addressed. 8 9: The demands of the question are generally understood. Historical knowledge is present but is not fully or accurately detailed. Knowledge is narrative or descriptive in nature. There may be limited argument that requires further substantiation. Critical commentary may be present. There is an attempt to place events in historical context and show an understanding of historical processes. An attempt at a structured approach, either chronological or thematic has been made : Answers indicate that the question is understood but not all implications are considered. Knowledge is largely accurate. Critical commentary may be present. Events are generally placed in context and understanding of historical processes, such as comparison and contrast are present. There may be awareness of different approaches and interpretations but they are not based on relevant historical knowledge. There is a clear attempt at a structured approach : Answers are clearly focused on the demands of the question. Specific knowledge is applied as evidence, and analysis or critical commentary are used appropriately to produce a specific argument. Events are placed in context and there is sound understanding of historical processes and comparison and contrast. Evaluation of different approaches may be used to substantiate arguments presented : Answers are clearly structured and focused, have full awareness of the demands of the question, and if appropriate may challenge it. Detailed specific knowledge is used as evidence to support assertions and arguments. Historical processes such as comparison and contrast, placing events in context and evaluating different interpretations are used appropriately and effectively. 24

25 Internal assessment criteria SL and HL The historical investigation (SL and HL) is assessed against six criteria that are related to the objectives for the Diploma Programme history course. Criterion A Plan of the investigation 3 marks Criterion B Summary of evidence 6 marks Criterion C Evaluation of sources 5 marks Criterion D Analysis 6 marks Criterion E Conclusion 2 marks Criterion F Sources and word limit 3 marks Total 25 marks A Plan of the investigation Marks Level descriptor 0 There is no plan of the investigation, or it is inappropriate. 1 The research question, method and scope of the investigation are not clearly stated. 2 The research question is clearly stated. The method and scope of the investigation are outlined and related to the research question. 3 The research question is clearly stated. The method and scope of the investigation are fully developed and closely focused on the research question. B Summary of evidence Marks Level descriptor 0 There is no relevant factual material. 1 2 There is some relevant factual material but it has not been referenced. 3 4 There is relevant factual material that shows evidence of research, organization and referencing. 5 6 The factual material is all relevant to the investigation and it has been well researched, organized and correctly referenced. C Evaluation of sources Marks Level descriptor 0 There is no description or evaluation of the sources. 1 The sources are described but there is no reference to their origin, purpose, value and limitation. 2 3 There is some evaluation of the sources but reference to their origin, purpose, value and limitation may be limited. 4 5 There is evaluation of the sources and explicit reference to their origin, purpose, value and limitation. D Analysis Marks Level descriptor 0 There is no analysis. 1 2 There is some attempt at analysing the evidence presented in section B. 3 4 There is analysis of the evidence presented in section B and references are included. There may be some awareness of the significance to the investigation of the sources evaluated in section C. Where appropriate, different interpretations are considered. 5 6 There is critical analysis of the evidence presented in section B, accurate referencing, and an awareness of the significance to the investigation of the sources evaluated in section C. Where appropriate, different interpretations are analysed. 25

26 E Conclusion Marks Level descriptor 0 There is no conclusion, or the conclusion is not relevant. 1 The conclusion is stated but is not entirely consistent with the evidence presented. 2 The conclusion is clearly stated and consistent with the evidence presented. F Sources and word limit Marks Level descriptor 0 A list of sources is not included or the investigation is not within the word limit. 1 A list of sources is included but these are limited or one standard method is not used consistently or the word count is not clearly and accurately stated on the title page. 2 A list of sources using one standard method is included and the investigation is within the word limit. 3 An appropriate list of sources, using one standard method, is included. The investigation is within the word limit. 26

27 Paper 1 Exam Style Questions: 1a) Why, according to Source A, had the Allied statesmen been unwise in their treatment of Germany? [3 marks] 1b) What message is conveyed by Source E? [2 marks] 2) Compare and contrast the views expressed about the Treaty of Versailles in Sources B and D [6 marks] 3. With reference to their origin and purpose, discuss the value and limitations of Source C and Source E for historians studying the Paris Peace Conference of [6 marks] 4. Using these sources and your own knowledge, analyse the reasons for German resentment of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 Paper 2 Causes, practices and effects of wars 1. Select two causes of the Second World War and show (a) how, and (b) why, they led to the outbreak of war in Those who can win a war well can rarely make a good peace. Select one peace treaty and, by examining its clauses, explain how the winners treated the losers, and if you agree with the quotation. Origins and development of authoritarian and single-party states 1. Select two leaders of single-party states, each chosen from a different region, and explain how and why the conditions of their state helped them to rise to power. 2. Analyse the ideology of (a) one right-wing ruler, and (b) one left-wing ruler. 3. To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? 4. Select one leader of a single-party state, and explain why there was opposition to his rule, and why the opposition succeeded or failed. The Cold War 1. Why did the end of the Second World War lead to the development of two superpowers and how did this development help to cause the Cold War? 2. What do you understand by the term spheres of influence? In what ways did spheres of influence affect the development of the Cold War? 3. In what ways, and with what results, was Berlin the centre of Cold War crises between 1946 and 1961? 4. For what reasons, and in what ways, did either Korea or the Congo become part of the Cold War? 27

28 5. Compare and contrast the parts played by Cuba and Vietnam in the Cold War. 6. Examine the ways in which the arms race (a) caused tension in the Cold War, and (b) helped to end the Cold War. Paper 3 1. To what extent did Alexander II succeed in his attempts to modernize Russia? 2. The outbreak of war in 1914 postponed the downfall of Nicholas II but also contributed to his overthrow in the first 1917 Russian Revolution. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 3. Wars frequently begin ten years before the first shot is fired. To what extent does this statement explain the outbreak of the First World War? 4. Why was the Weimar Republic in Germany able to survive the crisis years between 1919 and 1923 but not those between 1929 and 1933? 5. Evaluate the relative success of Mussolini s economic, religious and social policies between 1922 and To what extent was Stalin responsible for the break-up of the Second World War alliance and the early stages of the Cold War? 7. Discuss the ways in which post-war economic recovery programmes contributed to the economic and political integration of Western Europe between 1945 and Discuss the social and economic policies of either one European or one Middle Eastern state in the second half of the twentieth century, and indicate to what extent the inhabitants of the state benefited. 28

29 How to write an essay Imagine writing an essay like eating a good burger. Firstly, you have the introduction (Top Bun), which is your first taste of the flavour. It is designed to whet your appetite as to what the main argument is going to be about. Next comes the first layer of meat (or vegetable substitute) which will be your first major point relating to the essay title. This paragraph should contain examples to support that first key point. The following layers represent separate paragraphs and examples. You may have more than three layers depending upon the length of argument or amount of points that can be made. At the end, to support the whole thing you will need a conclusion (Bottom Bun), which summarises the various points you have made and contain a decisive answer to the question. The very best essays will contain extra relish, onions and sauce and these represent connections between ideas that link across your essay. With the analogy of food firmly placed in your minds we can now move on to a more detailed explanation of what should go into each component of an essay. Essay Structure An essay is designed to get across an argument and is NOT for the delivery of facts. There needs to be a logical sequence of points, which relate to the title and offer links from one point to the other. Always explain and justify ideas that you write about (this is where your lesson notes come in as evidence). An academic essay should not be emotional, so do not talk about stray thoughts; keep to the question, for the sake of your time limit. Treat the essay as a formal piece of writing and never use the first person ( I think that ) 29