TIME: 55 minutes 70 Questions

Transcription

1 AP World History 2007 Multiple Choice Section Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. TIME: 55 minutes 70 Questions 1) All of the following were results of the shift from hunter gatherer to settled life EXCEPT: a) Egalitarian principles of society declined b) The hours needed to produce sufficient food declined c) Less land could support more people d) People became more creative e) Domesticated animals became a mainstay of society 2) In what key way did early Egyptian civilization resemble the Mesopotamian society? a) They both buried their leaders in pyramids. b) They both used cuneiform in preserving their important documents. c) They both developed a centralized society ruled by a monarchy and a small caste of priests. d) They both created law codes that protected the poor. e) They both allowed women to act as priests. 3) Why are rivers considered so crucial to the development of the first civilizations? a) They discouraged ocean travel. b) They encouraged both the growth of agriculture and urban areas. c) They stimulated the invention of agriculture. d) They stimulated the emergence of cities. e) They really were not very important to the development of early civilizations. 4) All of the following characterize at least one of China s three earliest dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou) EXCEPT: a) Creation of a single unified Chinese empire b) Large scale public works projects c) Walled cities d) Women restricted in freedoms e) Development of bronze working techniques 5) Which of the following correctly describes the emergence of the first cities? a) No cities appeared before the Bronze Age b) Urban populations were less diverse than rural populations c) Cities allowed for the specialization of labor. d) The first cities appeared in China. e) Only peoples who had developed a system of writing built cities. 6) Which of the following incorrectly matches a belief system with one of its central texts? a) Judaism Torah b) Hinduism the Bhagavad Gita c) Christianity Avestas d) Islam Qu ran e) Taoism Tao Te-Ching

2 7) All are accurate descriptions of agricultural societies EXCEPT: a) Agriculture allowed humans to manipulate their environment as never before. b) Women probably played a key role in promoting the transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural societies. c) People began producing their own food nearly 12,000 years ago. d) Agricultural societies were less organized than hunter-gatherer societies e) Agriculture promoted permanent settlements. 8) Why are the Assyrians considered to have created the world s first real empire? i) They had a large army that used horseback warfare. ii) They made and used iron weapons. iii) Their leaders were permitted to rule ruthlessly. iv) They conquered most of the Middle East. A) I, II and III. B) II, III and IV C) I and III only D) II and IV only E) All of the above. 9) Which of the following statements would LEAST likely fit in with the ORIGINAL teachings of the Buddha? a) All human suffering is caused by desire. b) Enlightenment can most effectively be attained by coming to realize the Four Noble Truths and practicing the Eightfold Path c) Enlightenment leads to a moment of awakening and transcendent consciousness known as nirvana d) Enlightenment can most effectively be attainted by venerating many gods and bodhisattvas. e) None of the above. 10) Which of the following accurately describes both the Han and Roman empires? a) The empires used the family as the model for state organization. b) The economic and political instability was largely caused by imperial overreach. c) Merchants were viewed as key to the survival of both empires. d) They both tried to conquer the entire Eurasian continent. e) Emperors were Sons of Heaven 11) Which of the following was NOT one of Rome s cultural legacies? a) The Romans preserved Hellenic philosophy. b) The Romans built roads and fortifications that have lasted for centuries. c) The Romans adopted the Islamic religion as the official faith of the empire. d) The Romans effectively used iron weapons in their military. e) The Romans adopted a legal code still in some use today. 12) A major difference between the teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism is a) belief in nirvana b) the cycle of rebirth c) the principle of non-violence d) belief in karma e) belief in dharma 13) One similarity between the Five Pillars of Islam and the Ten Commandments is that both a) support a belief in reincarnation. b) promote learning as a means to salvation. c) encourage the use of statues to symbolize God. d) provide a guide to proper ethical and moral behavior. e) claim their religion to be the one true faith

3 14) After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman empire became known as the a) Persian Empire. b) Byzantine Empire. c) Mongol Empire. d) Gupta Empire. e) The Holy Roman Empire 15) The Tang Dynasty in China, the Gupta Empire in India, and the city-state of Athens in Greece during their golden ages were known as eras of a) major industrial development. b) intense nationalism. c) economic poverty and intellectual upheaval. d) Major advancements in military technology e) artistic and intellectual achievement. 16) An element of Chinese culture that the Japanese did not adopt was a) the Chinese system of writing b) the concept of filial piety c) respect for the merchant class d) the civil service examination system e) the Chinese emphasis on learning 17) Buildings such as Gothic cathedrals in Western Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect each society's a) imperialist values. b) cultural values. c) belief in democracy. d) rigid social structure. e) Centers of religion 18) The West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished between A.D. 700 and A.D mainly because they a) controlled the trade routes across the Sahara. b) developed self-sufficient economies. c) became religious centers considered sacred by Africans. d) received support from European colonial governments. e) developed a highly structured military 19) The Crusades launched by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by a) the desire of Italian city-states to seize control of the spice trade from Arab merchants b) the desire to demonstrate Europe s new technological supremacy over Islam c) resentment toward Islamic missionaries seeking to spread their faith along the Mediterranean d) western European fears that Byzantium and the Muslim kings would launch a military attack against western Europe e) papal efforts to unite western European kings under the banner of a common faith 20) A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization a) collapsed as a result of Germanic invasions of the early Middle Ages. b) preserved Greek and Roman learning and passed it on to western and eastern Europe. c) based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn agriculture. d) reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church. e) succeeded in carrying on the strength of the Roman Empire.

4 21) What political experience was shared by the Chinese, Roman, and Indian empires? A. They all accepted Christianity as a major religion during the time period B. They were all challenged by the nomadic Huns C. They were all characterized by major expansion beyond their original geographic borders D. They all built on direct control of citizens daily lives through military and imperial service, taxes, and aggressive bureaucracies E. They all built upon previous institutions and social orders 22) Which of the following is accurate regarding both West Africa and Latin America before 1500? a) Both areas depended on the trade in gold and salt b) Polytheism was important in both areas c) The domestication of large animals provided the means of extensive agricultural production and transportation d) Both areas depended on grains such as wheat and rye as major dietary components e) Both areas developed an extensive and widely used written language 23) The increase of commerce and trade during the Middle Ages resulted in a) lower living standards for workers. b) increased growth of towns and cities. c) increased area for knights and feudal lords to defend d) increased power for feudal lords and the clergy. e) less rivalry among European nations. 24) The Incas, the Romans, and the Mongols were similar in that all a) developed systems of writing. b) formulated extensive codes of laws that are still used today c) extended control over neighboring peoples. d) established industrial economies. e) adopted democratic political systems. 25) Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the political systems in western Europe and China during the time period ? a) Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China maintained a single empire. b) Developments in the legal systems of China emphasized individual political rights, while western Europe concentrated on maritime law. c) Both societies began an aggressive policy of imperialism and territorial expansion d) Both societies gradually evolved toward a representative democratic system. e) Both societies became increasingly fragmented politically. 26) During the Middle Ages, Europeans did not eat potatoes or corn because these vegetables a) were forbidden by the Catholic Church for religious reasons. b) had not yet been introduced to Europe from the New World. c) were believed to be poisonous. d) were too expensive to import from China. e) had not yet been discovered as a food source 27) One way in which the civilizations of the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Mayas were similar is that all a) developed extensive writing systems. b) emphasized quality in education. c) established monotheistic religions. d) encouraged democratic participation in government. e) developed stratified socio-economic classes

5 28) Which was a characteristic of feudalism? a) Land was exchanged for military service and obligations. b) Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants. c) Power rested in the hands of a strong central government. d) Unified national court systems were developed. e) Serfs could changes masters whenever they wanted. 29) Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the Columbian exchange? a) European food to the Western Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe b) African livestock to Western Hemisphere; European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere food to Europe c) Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe, European population to New World d) European technology to Africa, Western Hemisphere population to Africa, African food to Western Hemisphere. e) African population to Western Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa, European diseases to Western Hemisphere. 30) Mansa Musa's journey to Mecca in the 1300s is evidence that a) the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa. b) most African leaders were educated in the Middle East. c) European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa. d) Islam had a major influence on the Mali empire. e) All Muslims were devout in their practice of the Five Pillars. 31) The map above best describes the extent of a) The Abbasid Empire b) Height of lands under Islamic rule c) Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent d) Mongol Empire in the West e) North African kingdoms 32) The code of bushido of the Japanese samurai is most similar to the a) belief in reincarnation and karma of Hindus. b) practice of chivalry by European knights. c) teachings of Judaism. d) theory of natural rights of the Enlightenment writers. e) the militarism of pre-wwi Germany

6 33) During the 1500s the encomienda system of agriculture implemented by the Spanish in Latin America and the plantation system established by other European nations in Southeast Asia were similar in that both a) redistributed the land to the peasants. b) depended on a system of forced labor. c) diminished the power of the military. d) produced multicrop economies. e) depended on the colonial military to enforce laws. 34) Which of the following most clearly differentiates the period from 1450 to 1750 from earlier periods? a) Decline of manorialism in western Europe b) Rise of the Ottoman Empire c) Inclusion of the Americas in the global trading network d) The opening of Japan to the West e) The replacement of Romanesque architecture with the Gothic style in Western Europe. 35) Trade diasporas can be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. they were established in major trade cities B. they began as early as 3500 BCE C. they were prevalent during the height of the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans D. they were inhabited by small religious communities, especially Jews and Muslims E. they allowed for unfair exchange 36) Darwin s theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that a) select human groups would dominate those less fit. b) European countries were more nationalistic c) non-white groups were better adapted to tropical climates d) imperialism went against the theory of natural selection e) education would lead to equality 37) From the 1500s through the 1700s, Western European imperialism in Africa and Asia resulted mainly in the a) establishment of colonies in the interior. b) cooperation of European, African and Asian governments. c) increase in trade between Asia and the Americas. d) establishment of European trading sea ports from Africa to Asia. e) increase in understanding between the different cultures 38) Why has the western part of Turkey been considered one of the most strategically and economically important places in the world? a) The Mediterranean and Black seas connect at this spot. b) The Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea connect at this spot. c) It is where the Silk Road ended. d) It is a fertile area that is the world s largest fruit producer. e) It is considered the birthplace of Western civilization. 39) A significant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European societies by 1200 CE was the transfer of knowledge of a) iron and copper mining techniques b) the flying shuttle and spinning jenny c) the science of optics and lens design d) numerals and the decimal system e) gunpowder and cannons

7 40) One reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca empires rapidly is that a) these empires had no standing armies. b) the Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs and Incas did. c) the Spanish greatly outnumbered the Aztecs and Incas. d) the Aztecs and Incas joined together to fight the Spanish. e) The Spanish were better educated than the Aztecs and Incas. 41) All the following are causes of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT a) enclosure movement b) urbanization c) population growth d) agricultural revolution e) development of new energy sources 42) According to Karl Marx, the course of history is determined by a) religious wars. b) nationalistic uprisings. c) economic class struggle. d) political domination. e) strong leadership 43) In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers of native people led to a) a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas. b) the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas. c) the importation of slaves from Africa. d) improved health care in the colonies. e) increasing marriages with the native and European settlers. 44) According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be a) acquired as markets and sources of raw materials. b) considered an economic burden to the colonial power. c) granted independence as soon as possible. d) encouraged to develop their own industries. e) Assimilated culturally and intellectually as soon as possible 45) One similarity between the European concept of divine right and the Chinese concept of Mandate of Heaven is the idea that a leader's power a) can be challenged by his subjects. b) comes from a higher power than the ruler himself. c) is an inherited right that cannot be taken away. d) should be limited. e) should be worshipped as holy. 46) A major result of the European Age of Exploration was a) a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of Western Europe. b) extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Africa. c) the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Roman Catholic Church. d) the end of regional isolationism and the beginning of a period of European global domination. e) more of an understanding and equity amongst people of different regions.

8 47) The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that government decisions should be based on a) fundamental religious beliefs. b) the concept of the divine right of kings. c) laws of nature and reason. d) traditional values. e) how effectively a monarch governed. 48) Which of the following best describes the most significant aspect of relations between China and European nations during the 19 th century? a) China s relations with the outside world were characterized by its claim to cultural superiority. b) Western nations applied pressure to force China to make concessions. c) China, under pressure, granted Western nations a series of unequal treaties that gave them most-favorednation trading status. d) Europeans living in China were given the right of extraterritoriality e) Great Britain lost the Opium War to China. 49) The North and South American independence movements of the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries shared which of the following? a) Limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population b) Reliance on Christian teachers to define revolutionary demands c) Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control. d) The desire of a majority of revolutionary leaders to create a politically united hemisphere. e) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states. 50) A key issue that historians have debated in explaining the reasons for 19 th century slave emanicipations involves a) the decline of export industries b) the powers of African governments c) the role of humanitarianism d) racist interpretations of the theory of evolution e) the spread of Marxism 51) During the early 1800s, which was a major influence of the struggles for political independence in Latin America? a) poor conditions in urban centers in Latin America b) the American and French Revolutions c) the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America to escape European control d) demands by Latin American workers to own their own factories e) the desire of African slaves to return to Africa 52) The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan in 1853 signaled the end of Japanese a) cultural contacts with the west. b) policies of isolationism. c) militarism in Southeast Asia. d) trade relations with the United States. e) dependence upon China for all its goods 53) Nationalism in most likely to develop in an area that has a) land suited to agriculture. b) adequate industry to supply consumer demands. c) a moderate climate with rivers for irrigation. d) common customs, language, and history. e) A strong nationalistic leader

9 54) Russia in the 1700s and Japan in the 1800s were similar in that both countries a) began the process of modernization after a long period of isolationism. b) developed democratic governments after years under absolute monarchies. c) refused to accept western technological ideas. d) adopted socialist economic systems after capitalism failed. e) turned to the United States as a model of nation-building 55) Which of the following societies successfully resisted foreign penetration and domination from s? a) The Japanese b) The Indians c) The South Africans d) The Chinese e) The Brazilians 56) A major cause of World War I was a) a decline in the policy of imperialism. b) the existence of opposing alliances. c) an increase in the acts of aggression by England. d) the spread of communism throughout Europe. e) the increasing dominance of the US in world affairs. 57) In the Middle East, an immediate effect of World War I was the a) unification of Arab countries against the League of Nations. b) division of large sections of the area among the Allies. c) revival of Islamic fundamentalism in Arab nations. d) creation of the state of Israel. e) spread of Islam to Allied nations 58) The treatment of Jews in Europe during World War II and of the Armenians in the Ottoman empire are examples of a) cultural diffusion. b) modernism. c) chauvinism d) fundamentalism e) genocide. 59) In the early 20 th century, nationalist movements in Africa, Asia and the Middle East were led primarily by a) the urban working class b) the nobility c) labor unions d) landless peasants e) educated urban elites 60) Which of the following best describes the most important difference between the theories of revolution of Mao Zedong and those of VI Lenin? a) Only Lenin stressed the need for a powerful state structure. b) Only Lenin thought that Marx s writings were important. c) Only Mao claimed that Marx s early writings were less valid than Marx s later ones. d) Only Mao thought that communism was only appropriate for some nations and cultures. e) Only Mao placed emphasis on the revolutionary potential of peasants.

10 61) Which series of events is arranged in chronological order? a) The Treaty of Versailles is signed. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. German troops invade Poland. b) German troops invade Poland. The Treaty of Versailles is signed. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. c) Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles is signed. German troops invade Poland. d) The Treaty of Versailles is signed. German troops invade Poland. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. e) German troops invade Poland. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles is signed. 62) World War II is often considered to be a turning point in history because a) the League of Nations demonstrated that an international organization could maintain world peace. b) the war brought an end to dictatorships as a form of government. c) European domination of the world began to decrease as nationalism in colonies increased. d) religious and ethnic differences were no longer a source of conflict between nations. e) So many people died in the war that no one would be willing to fight in war again. 63) The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I helped lay the foundation for the a) rise of fascism in Germany. b) uprisings of Eastern European nations. c) division of Korea along the 38th parallel. d) Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. e) The Great Depression in the United States 64) One similarity between Russia under the czars and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin is that in both types of government, these leaders a) tried to reduce their nation's influence in world affairs. b) developed policies to limit industrial growth. c) supported the creation of a national church. d) established an authoritarian form of government. e) built up a ruling, aristocratic class 65) Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela are best known for a) use of passive resistance to achieve their goals b) desire to establish an Islamic nation. c) opposition to people outside of their political group holding public office. d) encouragement of violence to end British/white rule. e) being successful lawyers 66) Bombings, kidnappings, and hijackings, are tactics most often used by a) imperialists. b) terrorists. c) nationalists. d) absolutists. e) fundamentalists 67) Economic development in Latin American nations has been hindered most by a) a scarcity of goods produced for trade and a lack of natural resources. b) governments that are primarily concerned with preserving the environment. c) problems of overpopulation, patterns of land distribution, and a lack of investment capital. d) corporations that are not interested in the use of modern technology e) US interference with economic matters

11 68) Since the end of the Cold War, Cuba has experienced a) the loss of a major source of its foreign financial support. b) increased economic growth from expanded trade. c) expanded political influence in Latin American affairs. d) greater independence from Communist China. e) greater isolation from the United States 69) Which term refers to the Jewish movement to establish a homeland in Palestine? a) Zionism b) Marxism c) Animism d) Secularism e) Fascism 70) The creation of the United Nations, the expansion of the European Economic Community (European Union), and the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) resulted in an increase in a) political revolutions. b) nonalignment policies. c) military alliances. d) international cooperation. e) isolationist policies in America