Deliberative Capacity of Societies: A Critical Discussion
|
|
- Candace Ellis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Deliberative Capacity of Societies: A Critical Discussion Krister Lundell Åbo Akademi University Paper presented at the general research seminar, Department of Political Science, Åbo Akademi University, 17th October 2012 Introduction The dynamic field of deliberative democracy has now entered a third generation. The normative assertions of Jürgen Habermas and John Rawls defined the first generation, whereas secondgeneration deliberative democracy made the theory of deliberative democracy more realistic and practically achievable by reconciling the first-generation theories with the empirical realities of social complexity. Third-generation deliberative democracy has been occupied with institutionalization in order to achieve this reconciliation in practice (Elstub 2010). Part of the third generation is the systemic approach of deliberative democracy, which allows us to think about deliberation in large-scale societal terms; as a whole system. The systemic aspect had been there earlier but was brought into light with Jane Mansbridge s idea of a deliberative system reaching from everyday talk among ordinary people to formal debate in the legislature (Mansbridge 1999). The systemic approach got a prominent position within the field through the works by John Parkinson (2006), Carolyn M. Hendriks (2006) and Robert E. Goodin (2008), and one of the latest developments is the concept of deliberative capacity within the deliberative system (Dryzek 2009; 2010). This essay is a critical discussion on deliberative capacity and deliberative capacity building, both terms introduced by John Dryzek (2009). Naturally, therefore, it largely focuses on various aspects of Dryzek s conception of deliberative capacity and the way it is dealt with in the article Democratization as Deliberative Capacity Building, published in Comparative Political Studies 1
2 in After a presentation of Dryzek s model of deliberative capacity and the deliberative system, three points of critique are brought out the first one concerns the theoretical-empirical connection, the second one reflects upon the consequentiality dimension, and the third one deals with Dryzek s exposition of determinants of deliberative capacity. In the fourth section, the discussion on favorable and unfavorable conditions for deliberation is elaborated further, and in a fifth section, the role of institutional design as a means of building deliberative capacity is discussed. In this context, a fourth point of critique is made: ambiguity between the account of deliberative capacity and the definition of deliberative capacity in Dryzek s aforementioned article. Dryzek s Model of Deliberative Capacity and the Deliberative System Dryzek defines deliberative capacity as the extent to which a political system possesses structures to host deliberation that is authentic, inclusive and consequential (2009, 1382). In the article, a framework is described for locating and analyzing the contributions of its components and so evaluating the degree to which a polity s deliberative system is authentic, inclusive and consequential (2009, 1379). Authenticity implies that deliberation has to induce reflection without coercion, claims have to be connected to general principles, and the process has to be reciprocal. Domination via propaganda, manipulation, threats, indoctrination, deception, expressions of mere self-interest, and the imposition of ideological conformity needs to be absent (Dryzek 2000, 8). Inclusiveness means that a wide range of interests, opinions and preferences has to be taken into consideration. Without inclusiveness, deliberation cannot be democratic. Thirdly, a deliberative process that is consequential has an impact on collective decisions and social outcomes. The impact does not have to be direct; it may take the form of recommendation or play an advisory role with regard to elected officials. A polity with a high degree of authentic, inclusive, and consequential deliberation will have an effective deliberative system (2009, 1382). In a deliberative light, the higher the degree of deliberative capacity the more democratic the political system is (2009, 1380). The deliberative system of states and societies consists of five elements: (1) the public space, (2) the empowered space, (3) transmission and (4) accountability between these two spheres, and the extent of (5) decisiveness in the system. Deliberative capacity can be distributed in different ways in the deliberative system. The public space consists of the media, social movements, activist associations, locations where people gather together, the Internet, public hearings and designed citizen forums. The empowered space is found in institutions that produce collective decisions; 2
3 e.g. legislatures, cabinets and constitutional courts. However, the institution does not have to be formally empowered. Transmission stands for the means by which the public space can exercise influence on the empowered space. Such means may involve political campaigns, social movements that manage to pervade actors in the empowered space, or personal links between the two spaces. Channels for transmission are not enough, however some means through which the empowered space is accountable to the public space is also needed. Without accountability, deliberative legitimacy of collective outcomes is not generated. Lastly, decisiveness is determined by the extent to which the first four elements affect collective decisions and social outcomes. The degree of authenticity also varies in the first four elements, whereas inclusiveness is concerned with the two kinds of spaces (Dryzek 2009, ). This is largely similar to Habermas two-track model of democracy where deliberation proceeds on two levels: opinions are formed in the public sphere and transmitted through channels of public communication to the state level where more formal deliberation takes place for the purpose of will formation (Habermas 1996, ). A Critique of Dryzek s Model The theoretical-empirical connection Deliberation can be found in central state institutions such as legislatures, cabinets, courts, councils. Moreover, deliberation occurs in designed forums such as citizen juries and assemblies, deliberative polls or mini-publics, and consensus conferences. Deliberative democracy is also found in governance networks that transcend formal political institutions that may cross state boundaries. Externally, these networks overshadow the states decisive policy actions nevertheless, they may contribute to the deliberative capacity of states (Dryzek 2009, ). Deliberative capacity, conceptualized as authenticity, inclusiveness and consequentiality, is present to a varying extent in these institutions, forums and networks. The degree of authenticity in a specific setting is measurable by means of the discourse quality index developed by Steiner, Bächtiger, Spörndli and Steenbergen (2004), or some modified version of the index (see e.g. Himmelroos 2012), considering that the original DQI was created for the purpose of measuring the deliberative quality in parliamentary debates. The level of inclusiveness may be measured by some other techniques in a deliberative setting. By contrast, to measure the degree to which deliberation is consequential poses some serious difficulties but let us, for a moment, suppose that we are also able to empirically capture the third dimension. A critical question is: how do we 3
4 establish the link between the deliberative capacity in various institutions and forums, on the one hand, and the deliberative capacity of the specific society that these institutions and forums are part of, on the other? Dryzek points out that the deliberative quality varies between different locations in the political system (2009, 1388) at the same time, however, he talks about the deliberative capacity of society and argues that political systems (including states) can be arrayed on a continuum according to the extent of their deliberative capacity (2009, 1380). Theoretically, it appears as fascinating. Empirically, it is hard to imagine how it could be done. Essentially, it is a matter of the difficulty in combining normative deliberative theory with empirically testable theories. Too often theorists and empiricists have talked past each other. Dennis Thompson maintains that theorists and empiricists need to take measures to bridge the gap between normative and empirical inquiry (2008, 498, 516). Diana Mutz asks the following question: How can we take what has been, by its origins, a normative theory and turn it into an empirically testable theory? (2008, 522) She advocates transformation of deliberative theory into middle-range theory by replacing vaguely defined entities with more concrete, circumscribed concepts, and by testing theoretically and empirically grounded hypotheses about specific associations between these concepts. A middle-range approach can be described as a means of bridging the gap between theory and empirical evidence (ibid.). The third dimension: consequentiality Furthermore, deliberative theories often involve a great deal of conceptual ambiguity as to what should qualify as deliberation. They frequently conflate defining criteria of deliberation and its beneficial consequences; thus the independent variable is defined in terms of its hypothesized effects. Deliberative theorists often seem to assume that good deliberation will automatically result in good things such as greater levels of trust, public-spirited attitudes, opinion consistency, faith in democratic processes, greater interest in political participation, and even better citizens. This circularity often makes it impossible to empirically test the allegedly positive claims of deliberative theory (Mutz 2008, 527). Dryzek s model does not involve predictions about political trust and interest, the development of good citizens or similar positive assumptions concerning the effects of deliberation. It does, however, involve an element that should be regarded as a consequence of rather than as part of the capacity, namely the third dimension which stipulates that the deliberation must have a direct or indirect effect on collective decisions and social outcomes. Consequently, according to the model, authentic and inclusive deliberation is lacking in capacity if the outcome does not have a 4
5 bearing on collective decision-making or if it does not reach elected representatives. Deliberative capacity should be regarded as a resource in the deliberative process rather than as a consequence of deliberation. In other words, the deliberative capacity may exist in society, even though the link between deliberation and political decision-making is deficient. Determinants of and obstructions to deliberative capacity Dryzek (2009) presents some factors that are favorable to deliberative capacity as well some factors that may obstruct deliberative capacity in political systems. The determinants are (1) literacy and education, (2) shared language, (3) voting system design, (4) state structures and institutions, and (5) political culture. Unfavorable conditions are (1) religious fundamentalism, (2) ideological conformity, and (3) segmental autonomy. Similarly as literacy and education enhance the deliberative competence of citizens, they also have a positive effect on the deliberative capacity of the society as a whole. By shared language, Dryzek does not imply that the deliberative capacity is necessarily lower in plural societies rather, what is meant here is that the elite and the masses need to communicate in such a way that they understand each other. This may also be related to the connection between the public and the empowered space: transmission and accountability benefit from a shared language. The role of voting system design pertains to an electoral method that is sparsely applied around the world: preferential voting. The system provides politicians and parties to campaign and appeal for second and third preferences across party lines and different groups. Therefore, it promotes reciprocity: making arguments in terms that others can accept. Regarding state structures and institutions, Dryzek only says that they may be more or less conducive to deliberation, depending on how they are combined. Political culture may influence deliberative capacity in several ways. Among other things, Dryzek puts forward that the deliberative capacity may be high (although by no means for certain) in the Confucian culture because of its emphasis on reasoned consensus, and in the Islamic culture because of its emphasis on consultation. There is also a difference between analytical and indexical cultures. In the latter, examplified by Italy, it is important to have strong opinions on virtually everything and not to admit uncertainty or lack of knowledge, which works against mutual respect, reciprocy and other elements that are conducive to deliberation (Dryzek 2009, ; see also Gambetta 1998). Turning to the obstacles, an official ideological doctrine of the state induces ideological conformity that impedes deliberative capacity. In particular, religious fundamentalism has a detrimental effect on deliberation, because fundamentalists are not interested in reflecting upon values and beliefs of different people or even communicating with nonbelievers. If there is a high 5
6 degree of deliberative capacity in consociational systems, it is most likely restricted to the elite level. Segmental autonomy does not encourage communication between members of different blocks and ethnic groups; rather, it promotes enclave deliberation which implies interaction with like-minded people (Dryzek 2009, ; see also Thompson 2008, 511). Evidence from psychological experiments suggests that deliberation among like-minded has negative consequences such as group polarization and amplification of errors (e.g. Sunstein 2009). 1 The variables that are said to promote and mitigate deliberative capacity seem to be rather arbitrarily introduced without much argumentation. Moreover, the determinants and obstructions are of different kinds which call for some categorization as well as reflection upon other explanatory variables. Some of them (voting system design, literacy and education, and religious fundamentalism) are clearly related to the deliberative discussion, pertaining to specific cognitive and attitudinal abilities, whereas others are very broadly defined. Political culture as well as state structures and institutions consist of a multitude of variables, some of which have positive effects on deliberative capacity, whereas some are detrimental to deliberation. The variables shared language, ideological conformity and segmental autonomy pertain to the society as a whole and the deliberative climate rather than to the cognitive and attitudinal capacity that may exist under the surface. On the whole, the exposition of determinants is rather superficial and not elaborated well enough; one could argue that it is out of the context and should be the focus of another study. For one thing, it is not difficult to think of other possible determinants of deliberative capacity for example, a democratic form of government and socio-economic development. Dryzek briefly deals with the former, maintaining that deliberative capacity may exist in non-democratic settings as well. It requires that we look beyond the central state institutions and focus on the local level or oppositional public spheres. Especially when an authoritarian regime breaks down, a democratic transition may follow if deliberative capacity has been present in the old regime or among the oppositional forces (2009, 1383, ). However, though recognizing that there could be a fair share of deliberative capacity in non-democracies, we may assume that the deliberative capacity is higher in democratic political systems than in authoritarian ones. Experience of democratic rule should matter in this respect. Democratic procedures and democratic thinking is something that people and the society learn over a long time. Trust in other people, reciprocal communication between individuals and appreciation of the common good is difficult to create in societies that have been under authoritarian rule for a long time. 1 However, recent findings from a deliberative experiment indicate that enclave deliberation does not have these detrimental effects (Grönlund 2012). 6
7 We may also assume that the more developed a country is in a socio-economic sense, the better prepared for deliberative democracy the society is. Modernization has many positive effects, which, in turn may affect the deliberative capacity of individuals and societies: e.g. education, a democratic culture, tolerance for other people, a rational attitude toward politics, more spare time and more societal activitites. Let us take a closer look at the human development index which is frequently used as a measure of socio-economic development. The index consists of three dimensions: life expectancy at birth, education measured as mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling, and standard of living measured by GNI per capita. The latter two are particularly relevant to deliberative capacity education provides people with many of the cognitive abilities that are needed in deliberation, whereas a decent standard of living does not only include material goods and welfare but also cultural resources and social life. Institutional Conditions for Deliberative Capacity Dryzek is not the first to deal with favorable and unfavorable conditions for deliberation. The topic takes a prominent position in bringing deliberative theorists and empiricists together (e.g. Bächtiger and Hangartner 2010). Thompson argues that The most promising approach for empirical research would seem to be to continue trying to discover the conditions in which deliberative democracy does and does not work well, while paying more attention to the question of to what extent the unfavorable conditions could change (2008, 500). Some may be dependent on legislative measures and political action at different levels, some may be products of the social and economic structure, whereas others may be essential elements of democratic systems (ibid.). In their work on discourse quality in national legislatures, Steiner, Bächtiger, Spörndli and Steenbergen (2004) hypothesize, among other things, that consensus systems, presidentialism and second chambers promote a more deliberative mode of policy-making. Arendt Lijphart s (1999) distinction between consensus and competitive systems stems from Althusius theory of the covenant or consociatio. In the covenant, people would live together in mutual benevolence striving for consensus by means of open communication. The existence of grand coalitions lies at the heart of deliberation, because in order to succeed actors need to adopt a cooperative attitude towards their coalition partners, argumentative rationality is necessary for coping with differences, and it requires willingness to communicate in a constructive and respectful way. In competitive systems, by contrast, the governing party can safely ignore the opposition; it has little to gain from discussing its policies with the opposition (Bächtiger et al. 2007, 83-84). However, whereas consociational democracy may be favorable to deliberation at the elite level, the opposite 7
8 may prevail at the societal level, because such systems are usually designed for societies that are divided along ethnic, linguistic and religious cleavages. Segmental autonomy for different groups a basic element of consociational democracy hardly provides any opportunity for members of different blocks to communicate with one another (Dryzek 2009, 1397). In a parliamentary system, where the government and the legislature are in a confidence relationship, legislators need to defend the proposals of their government, which means that argumentative lines often have been fixed before the debate. A presidential system, by contrast, is more open to discussion and argumentative change across party boundaries, since the executive is not dependent on legislative confidence and party discipline is lower (Bächtiger et al. 2007, 82-84). In upper houses, policy problems can be given more thorough consideration, because members usually have more experience, they are elected for longer terms, and they work in a smaller assembly than members of the lower house. They are also said to be characterized by a civility norm that is favorable to deliberation (Loomis 1990). Steiner and his author team (2004) found a positive effect of all these institutions on the respect dimension of deliberation, whereas the findings with regard to the other three (participation, justification, constructive politics) dimensions was somewhat mixed (Bächtiger et al. 2007, ). In an analysis of deliberative quality in the Swiss and German legislatures, Bächtiger and Hangartner (2010) report a positive effect of two institutional variables at the context level, namely a coalition setting as opposed to a government-opposition setting and a non-public arena as opposed to a public arena. The point of departure with regard to the former is Lijphart s distinction between consensus and majoritarian systems. Consensus systems are characterized by coalition arrangements, which produce a logic of joint decision-making. Deliberation often becomes necessary in order to successfully carry through policy negotiations and to cope with disagreements of various kinds (Holzinger 2004). Also, expectations from the voters that things get done promote a constructive attitude from coalition parties towards other coalition partners (Müller 2007, 205). In government-opposition settings, by contrast, the stakes are losing or winning power positions, and a constant striving for demonstrating that the other part is incompetent and/or irresponsible. Consequently, in such a setting, there are few incentives for respectful deliberation. Non-public parliamentary arenas are more conducive to deliberation than public ones, because without external interference and the pressures of following constituent demands it is easier for legislators to reflect upon different solutions, to change their opinion, and to show respect for the claims of others (Stavasage 2007). 8
9 Institutional Design and the Deliberative System The institutions dealt with above have one thing in common: they can, to a varying extent, be designed for the purpose of creating and enhancing deliberative capacity. First of all, what is needed is a liberal democratic system with experience of free and fair elections and the right to freedom of expression as well as other human rights. Even though deliberation certainly exists in non-democratic countries, it is hard to imagine how a high-capacity system of deliberation could be built in societies where a multitude of interests, opinions and preferences is not allowed to flourish, freedom of speech is limited, and propaganda, manipulation or even threats from the authorities are part of citizens everyday life. A deliberative society is, after all, a democratic society. Moreover, deliberative capacity is a demanding and time-consuming process in newly democratized countries even more so than in advanced democratic societies. New democracies suffer from the effects that years of authoritarianism have had on society, and a more democratic culture needs to take root in order to build deliberative capacity. Since there are favorable and unfavorable conditions for deliberation, one way of enhancing deliberative capacity is to introduce institutional reforms. Much of the literature on deliberative democracy assumes that deliberative institutions should be introduced alongside existing democratic institutions. Deliberative reforms might call for substantial changes such as introducing nationwide deliberative polls (Ackermann & Fishkin 2004), compulsory deliberative jury duties (Leib 2004) or deliberative assemblies (Elstub 2008), which, in turn, requires constitutional reform. However, deliberative capacity does not necessarily need to be built from above. It may be developed at the grass root level through village assemblies or by the local authorities in the form of town hall meetings. In this way, the deliberative competence of citizens may be developed from below through efforts that eventually could be implemented and institutionalized by the central government (Chappell 2007, 24-27). Alternatively, deliberative capacity may be built through constitutional engineering. Legislatures are already deliberative institutions but the deliberative elements could be strengthened. As mentioned above, earlier research suggests that the quality of deliberation is higher in consociational and presidential systems, where the number of veto players is large, and in second chambers as well as in non-public arenas. Hence, legislatures could be made more deliberative through electoral system and chamber structure design, which, hopefully, might also have a positive influence on the deliberative culture of society in general. Deliberative elements may be strengthened in other political institutions as well. As Chappell points out, deliberation is already 9
10 present in judicial systems. As for the executive branch, citizens could be invited to conduct debates on its behalf, in the form of citizen juries (Chappell 2007, 30). Now let us recall Dryzek s definition of deliberative capacity: Deliberative capacity may be defined as the extent to which a political system possesses structures to host deliberation that is authentic, inclusive and consequential (2009, 1382). This can actually be interpreted as if deliberative capacity existed in the structures, some of which have been discussed in the last two sections. If this is the case, the elements presented as determinants (1) literacy and education, (2) shared language, (3) voting system design, (4) state structures and institutions, and (5) political culture (Dryzek 2009, ) constitute the capacity, whereas the dimensions authenticity, inclusiveness, and consequentiality are effects that vary in different institutional and cultural settings. Three points of critique were made earlier: the theoretical-empirical connection, the consequentiality dimension, and the rather arbitrary and underdeveloped treatment of determinants of and obstructions to deliberative capacity. Now we may add a fourth point: ambiguity between the account of deliberative capacity and the definition of deliberative capacity. On the one hand, authenticity, inclusiveness and consequentiality are treated as components of deliberative capacity; on the other hand, they may be interpreted as effects of deliberative capacity, which, in turn, is inherent in the political structures and the culture. However, it seems more reasonable to consider the institutional and cultural context as independent variables that provide prerequisites of deliberative capacity to a varying extent, and that institutions can be designed for the purpose of enhancing deliberative capacity. The term deliberative capacity building is used by Dryzek several times, in the title of the article (2009) for instance, but never properly defined. According to one definition, political institutions provide rules, compliance procedures and standard operating practices that structure the relationship between individuals (Hall 1986, 2). Consequently, appropriate institutional design can build deliberative capacity of societies which, in turn, fosters high-quality deliberation between the deliberating actors in different venues. Depending on the conditions, the deliberative capacity varies in deliberative macro and micro venues, or discursive spheres (Hendriks 2006, 499). The informal macro discursive sphere manifests itself in e.g. activism, protests and mobilization of discourses with typical actors such as social movements, NGOs and interest groups. The formal micro discursive sphere consists of e.g. expert committees, conferences and commissions of inquiry, typical actors being parliamentarians, judges and government officials (Hendriks 2006, 500). 10
11 Some attempts at integrating the heterogeneous world of deliberation have been made Dryzek s scheme for a deliberative system was presented earlier. Mansbridge (1999) suggests that we consider the deliberative system as a spectrum with the informal everyday talk among citizens and social movements at one end, and the formal decision-making that takes place in public assemblies and legislatures at the other end. In a similar vein, Hendriks (2006) argues that the conception of deliberative democracy as entirely micro or macro enterprise is unrealistic and exclusive. Rather than seeing it as a continuum, she proposes that the deliberative system should be conceived of as an integrated system with a multitude of venues connected to each other. Mixed discursive spheres, combining formal and informal modes of deliberation and manifested in e.g. deliberative designs, facilitated town meetings and public seminars, play a crucial role in this integrated system by encouraging diverse actors to come together and cross-fertilise macro and micro public conversations (Hendriks 2006, 503). Conclusion Different actors in all venues, especially in the informal but also in the formal ones, vary in their capacity (and propensity) to engage in different kinds of discursive practice. The multitude of deliberative venues in the deliberative system possesses deliberative capacity, which is dependent on culture, tradition and the institutional context. Since some conditions are favorable and others are unfavorable to deliberation, the deliberative capacity of society can be enhanced by means of institutional reforms and constitutional design. The capacity of different locations may certainly vary within a political system yet, as Dryzek points out, low capacity in one venue may be compensated by higher capacity in another. Conversely, high deliberative quality in one forum may undermine the quality in another (2009, 1388). Still, since the venues interact with each other within the system, it is plausible that there is a spill-over effect, i.e. high capacity in one location inspires other locations in a positive way. They are, after all, part of one deliberative system. We may certainly focus on the deliberative capacity of different locations or elements yet, while observing single units, we should always keep our eye on whole systems (Dryzek 2009, 1388). I agree that authentic, inclusive and consequential deliberation is central to democracy. I have raised objection, however, against the claim that consequentiality should be an indicator of deliberative capacity. Without consequentiality democracy may be imperfect but deliberative capacity may still exist. 11
12 REFERENCES Ackermann, B.A. and J.S. Fishkin (2004) Deliberation Day. New Haven: Yale University Press. Bächtiger, A. and D. Hangartner (2010) When Deliberative Theory Meets Empirical Political Science: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges in Political Deliberation, Political Studies 58, Bächtiger, A., M. Spörndli, M.R. Steenbergen and J. Steiner (2007) Deliberation in Legislatures: Antecedents and Outcomes, in S.W. Rosenberg, ed., Deliberation, Participation and Democracy: Can the People Govern? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chappell, Z. (2007) Are We Ready? Assessing the Preconditions of Deliberative Democracy, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, April 2007, Chicago. Dryzek, J.S. (2000) Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dryzek, J.S. (2009) Democratization as Deliberative Capacity Building, Comparative Political Studies 42(11), Dryzek, J.S. (2010) Foundations and Frontiers of Deliberative Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Elstub, S. (2008) Towards a Deliberative and Associational Democracy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Elstub, S. (2010) The third generation of deliberative democracy, Political Studies Review, 8:3, Gambetta, D. (1998) Claro! An Essay on Discursive Machismo, in J. Elster (ed.), Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Goodin, R.E. (2008) Innovating Democracy: Democratic Theory and Practice After the Deliberative Turn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Grönlund, K. (2012) Deliberation within and across enclaves, unpublished report. Habermas, J. (1996) Between Facts and Norms. Translated by W. Rehg. Cambridge: Polity. Hall, P.A. (1986) Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France. New York: Oxford University Press. Hendriks, C.M. (2006) Integrated Deliberation: Reconciling Civil Society s Dual Role in Deliberative Democracy, Political Studies 54,
13 Himmelroos, S. (2012) Det demokratiska samtalet. En studie av deliberativ demokrati i ett medborgarforum. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press. Holzinger, K. (2004) Bargaining by Arguing: An Empirical Analysis Based on Speech Act Theory, Political Communication 21(2), Leib, E.J. (2004) Deliberative Democracy in America: a Proposal for a Popular Branch of Government. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press. Lijphart, A. (1999) Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press. Loomis, B.A. (1990) Dear Colleagues, Civility and Deliberation in the U.S. Senate. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Mansbridge, J. (1999) Everyday Talk in the Deliberative System, in S. Macedo (ed.), Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Mutz, D.C. (2008) Is Deliberative Democracy a Falsifiable Theory?, Annual Review of Political Science 11, Müller, H. (2007) Internationale Verhandlungen, Argumente and Verständigungs-handeln, in P. Niesen and B. Herborth (eds), Anarchie der kommunikativen Freiheit: Jürgen Habermas und die internationalen Politik. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, Parkinson, J. (2006) Deliberating in the Real World: Problems of Legitimacy in Deliberative Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stavasage, D. (2007) Polarization and Publicity: Rethinking the Benefits of Deliberative Democracy, Journal of Politics 69(1), Steiner, J., A. Bächtiger, M. Spörndli and M.R. Steenbergen (2004) Deliberative Politics in Action. Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sunstein, C. (2009) Republic.com 2.0. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Thompson, D.F. (2008) Deliberative Democratic Theory and Empirical Political Science, Annual Review of Political Science 11,
APPLICATION FORM FOR PROSPECTIVE WORKSHOP DIRECTORS
APPLICATION FORM FOR PROSPECTIVE WORKSHOP DIRECTORS If you wish to apply to direct a workshop at the Joint Sessions in Helsinki, Finland in Spring 2007, please first see the explanatory notes, then complete
More informationNEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics. V COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring Michael Laver Tel:
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V52.0500 COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring 2007 Michael Laver Tel: 212-998-8534 Email: ml127@nyu.edu COURSE OBJECTIVES We study politics in a comparative context to
More informationNEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring Michael Laver. Tel:
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V52.0510 COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring 2006 Michael Laver Tel: 212-998-8534 Email: ml127@nyu.edu COURSE OBJECTIVES The central reason for the comparative study
More informationTHE AGONISTIC CONSOCIATION. Mohammed Ben Jelloun. (EHESS, Paris)
University of Essex Department of Government Wivenhoe Park Golchester GO4 3S0 United Kingdom Telephone: 01206 873333 Facsimile: 01206 873598 URL: http://www.essex.ac.uk/ THE AGONISTIC CONSOCIATION Mohammed
More informationViktória Babicová 1. mail:
Sethi, Harsh (ed.): State of Democracy in South Asia. A Report by the CDSA Team. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2008, 302 pages, ISBN: 0195689372. Viktória Babicová 1 Presented book has the format
More informationDiscourse Quality in Deliberative Citizen Forums A Comparison of Four Deliberative Mini-publics
Journal of Public Deliberation Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 3 4-20-2017 Discourse Quality in Deliberative Citizen Forums A Comparison of Four Deliberative Mini-publics Staffan Himmelroos Åbo Akademi University,
More informationProceduralism and Epistemic Value of Democracy
1 Paper to be presented at the symposium on Democracy and Authority by David Estlund in Oslo, December 7-9 2009 (Draft) Proceduralism and Epistemic Value of Democracy Some reflections and questions on
More informationTYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
Governance and Democracy TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Characteristics of regimes Pluralism Ideology Popular mobilization Leadership Source: Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and
More informationUnit 1 Introduction to Comparative Politics Test Multiple Choice 2 pts each
Unit 1 Introduction to Comparative Politics Test Multiple Choice 2 pts each 1. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an aspect of globalization? A. Increased speed and magnitude of cross-border
More informationPower: A Radical View by Steven Lukes
* Crossroads ISSN 1825-7208 Vol. 6, no. 2 pp. 87-95 Power: A Radical View by Steven Lukes In 1974 Steven Lukes published Power: A radical View. Its re-issue in 2005 with the addition of two new essays
More informationJürgen Kohl March 2011
Jürgen Kohl March 2011 Comments to Claus Offe: What, if anything, might we mean by progressive politics today? Let me first say that I feel honoured by the opportunity to comment on this thoughtful and
More informationDebating Deliberative Democracy
Philosophy, Politics and Society 7 Debating Deliberative Democracy Edited by JAMES S. FISHKIN AND PETER LASLETT Debating Deliberative Democracy Dedicated to the memory of Peter Laslett, 1915 2001, who
More informationIntroduction 478 U.S. 186 (1986) U.S. 558 (2003). 3
Introduction In 2003 the Supreme Court of the United States overturned its decision in Bowers v. Hardwick and struck down a Texas law that prohibited homosexual sodomy. 1 Writing for the Court in Lawrence
More informationDeliberation on Long-term Care for Senior Citizens:
Deliberation on Long-term Care for Senior Citizens: A Study of How Citizens Jury Process Can Apply in the Policy Making Process of Thailand Wichuda Satidporn Stithorn Thananithichot 1 Abstract The Citizens
More informationFederalism, Decentralisation and Conflict. Management in Multicultural Societies
Cheryl Saunders Federalism, Decentralisation and Conflict Management in Multicultural Societies It is trite that multicultural societies are a feature of the late twentieth century and the early twenty-first
More informationResearch Note: Toward an Integrated Model of Concept Formation
Kristen A. Harkness Princeton University February 2, 2011 Research Note: Toward an Integrated Model of Concept Formation The process of thinking inevitably begins with a qualitative (natural) language,
More informationRethinking Grassroots Participation in Nested Deliberative Systems
japanese political science review 2 (2014), 63 87 (doi: 10.15545/2.63) 2014 Japanese Political Science Association Tetsuki Tamura Rethinking Grassroots Participation in Nested Deliberative Systems When
More informationTwo Sides of the Same Coin
Unpacking Rainer Forst s Basic Right to Justification Stefan Rummens In his forceful paper, Rainer Forst brings together many elements from his previous discourse-theoretical work for the purpose of explaining
More informationDemocratic Theory 1 Trevor Latimer Office Hours: TBA Contact Info: Goals & Objectives. Office Hours. Midterm Course Evaluation
Democratic Theory 1 Trevor Latimer Office Hours: TBA Contact Info: tlatimer@uga.edu This course will explore the subject of democratic theory from ancient Athens to the present. What is democracy? What
More informationStrengthening the Foundation for World Peace - A Case for Democratizing the United Nations
From the SelectedWorks of Jarvis J. Lagman Esq. December 8, 2014 Strengthening the Foundation for World Peace - A Case for Democratizing the United Nations Jarvis J. Lagman, Esq. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/jarvis_lagman/1/
More informationGLOBAL DEMOCRACY THE PROBLEM OF A WRONG PERSPECTIVE
GLOBAL DEMOCRACY THE PROBLEM OF A WRONG PERSPECTIVE XIth Conference European Culture (Lecture Paper) Ander Errasti Lopez PhD in Ethics and Political Philosophy UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA GLOBAL DEMOCRACY
More informationEpistemic approaches to deliberative democracy
Received: 15 March 2017 Revised: 20 November 2017 Accepted: 15 December 2017 DOI: 10.1111/phc3.12497 ARTICLE Epistemic approaches to deliberative democracy John B. Min 1 James K. Wong 2 1 College of Southern
More informationCoupling Citizens and Elites in Deliberative Systems: the role of institutional design
Coupling Citizens and Elites in Deliberative Systems: the role of institutional design forthcoming in European Journal of Political Research Carolyn M. Hendriks The Crawford School of Public Policy Australian
More informationSustainability: A post-political perspective
Sustainability: A post-political perspective The Hon. Dr. Geoff Gallop Lecture SUSTSOOS Policy and Sustainability Sydney Law School 2 September 2014 Some might say sustainability is an idea whose time
More informationWhen is Deliberation Democratic?
Journal of Public Deliberation Volume 12 Issue 2 Special Issue: Equality, Equity, and Deliberation Article 4 10-13-2016 When is Deliberation Democratic? David RH Moscrop University of British Columbia,
More informationDeliberative Democracy and Non-Majoritarian Decision-Making. Claudia Landwehr
Deliberative Democracy and Non-Majoritarian Decision-Making Claudia Landwehr ARENA Working Paper 3 February 2014 Deliberative Democracy and Non-Majoritarian Decision-Making Claudia Landwehr ARENA Working
More informationIs Successful Deliberation Possible? Theories of Deliberative Democracy in Relation to the State, Civil Society and Individuals
Croatian Political Science Review, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2016, pp. 33-50 33 Original research article Received: 15 November 2016 Is Successful Deliberation Possible? Theories of Deliberative Democracy in Relation
More informationsystem, of which a variety of formulations have been proposed. An important initial
Deliberation, Democracy and the Systemic Turn 1 David Owen and Graham Smith 2 Deliberative democracy as a theoretical enterprise has gone through a series of phases or turns. 3 The most recent manifestation
More informationCAN FAIR VOTING SYSTEMS REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
CAN FAIR VOTING SYSTEMS REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE? Facts and figures from Arend Lijphart s landmark study: Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries Prepared by: Fair
More informationSociological Marxism Volume I: Analytical Foundations. Table of Contents & Outline of topics/arguments/themes
Sociological Marxism Volume I: Analytical Foundations Table of Contents & Outline of topics/arguments/themes Chapter 1. Why Sociological Marxism? Chapter 2. Taking the social in socialism seriously Agenda
More informationVolunteerism and Social Cohesion
Plenary I Topic: Sustainable Volunteerism and A Sustainable Community Volunteerism and Social Cohesion Prof. Hsin-Chi KUAN Head and Professor, Department of Government & Public Administration Director,
More informationIs Deliberative Democracy a Falsifiable Theory?
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication 2008 Is Deliberative Democracy a Falsifiable Theory? Diana C. Mutz University of Pennsylvania, mutz@sas.upenn.edu
More informationlong term goal for the Chinese people to achieve, which involves all round construction of social development. It includes the Five in One overall lay
SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES (Bimonthly) 2017 6 Vol. 32 November, 2017 MARXIST SOCIOLOGY Be Open to Be Scientific: Engels Thought on Socialism and Its Social Context He Rong 1 Abstract: Socialism from the very
More informationWe the Stakeholders: The Power of Representation beyond Borders? Clara Brandi
REVIEW Clara Brandi We the Stakeholders: The Power of Representation beyond Borders? Terry Macdonald, Global Stakeholder Democracy. Power and Representation Beyond Liberal States, Oxford, Oxford University
More informationCivil society in the EU: a strong player or a fig-leaf for the democratic deficit?
CANADA-EUROPE TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE: SEEKING TRANSNATIONAL SOLUTIONS TO 21 ST CENTURY PROBLEMS http://www.carleton.ca/europecluster Policy Brief March 2010 Civil society in the EU: a strong player or
More informationDeliberation and Civic Virtue -
Deliberation and Civic Virtue - Lessons from a Citizen Deliberation Experiment Kimmo Grönlund, Maija Setälä and Kaisa Herne Prepared for the CPSA 2008 Workshop on Experiments & Political Science, Vancouver
More informationFocus on Pre-AP for History and Social Sciences
AP Government and Politics: A Teacher s Perspective Ethel Wood Princeton High School Princeton, NJ When most Americans think of government and politics in school, they conjure up memories of courses with
More informationFrom Participation to Deliberation
From Participation to Deliberation A Critical Genealogy of Deliberative Democracy Antonio Floridia Antonio Floridia 2017 First published by the ECPR Press in 2017 Translated by Sarah De Sanctis from the
More informationADVANCED POLITICAL ANALYSIS
ADVANCED POLITICAL ANALYSIS Professor: Colin HAY Academic Year 2018/2019: Common core curriculum Fall semester MODULE CONTENT The analysis of politics is, like its subject matter, highly contested. This
More informationAnalyzing Political Process: Deliberative Standards, Discourse Types, and Sequenzialization. André Bächtiger, Seraina Pedrini, und Mirjam Ryser
Analyzing Political Process: Deliberative Standards, Discourse Types, and Sequenzialization André Bächtiger, Seraina Pedrini, und Mirjam Ryser University of Konstanz and University of Bern Contact: Andre.Baechtiger@uni-konstanz.de
More informationE-LOGOS. Rawls two principles of justice: their adoption by rational self-interested individuals. University of Economics Prague
E-LOGOS ELECTRONIC JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY ISSN 1211-0442 1/2010 University of Economics Prague Rawls two principles of justice: their adoption by rational self-interested individuals e Alexandra Dobra
More informationRawls and Deliberative Democracy. Michael Saward
Rawls and Deliberative Democracy Michael Saward Published as chapter 5 in Maurizio Passerin D Entreves (ed) Democracy as Public Deliberation: new perspectives (Manchester and New York: Manchester University
More informationRawls versus the Anarchist: Justice and Legitimacy
Rawls versus the Anarchist: Justice and Legitimacy Walter E. Schaller Texas Tech University APA Central Division April 2005 Section 1: The Anarchist s Argument In a recent article, Justification and Legitimacy,
More informationProblems in Contemporary Democratic Theory
Kevin Elliott KJE2106@Columbia.edu Office Hours: Wednesday 4-6, IAB 734 POLS S3310 Summer 2014 (Session D) Problems in Contemporary Democratic Theory This course considers central questions in contemporary
More informationAre Asian Sociologies Possible? Universalism versus Particularism
192 Are Asian Sociologies Possible? Universalism versus Particularism, Tohoku University, Japan The concept of social capital has been attracting social scientists as well as politicians, policy makers,
More informationThe consensus paradox: Does deliberative agreement impede rational discourse?
The consensus paradox: Does deliberative agreement impede rational discourse? Henrik Friberg-Fernros, PhD, University of Gothenburg, henrik.friberg-fernros@pol.gu.se Johan Karlsson Schaffer, PhD, University
More information4 INTRODUCTION Argentina, for example, democratization was connected to the growth of a human rights movement that insisted on democratic politics and
INTRODUCTION This is a book about democracy in Latin America and democratic theory. It tells a story about democratization in three Latin American countries Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico during the recent,
More informationElstub S. The Third Generation of Deliberative Democracy. Political Studies Review 2010, 8(3),
Elstub S. The Third Generation of Deliberative Democracy. Political Studies Review 2010, 8(3), 291-307. Copyright: The definitive version is available at www.wileyonlinelibrary.com DOI link to article:
More informationOur vision of Ideas borrowed heavily from, and quotes from: Nilholm, Claes. Special Education, Inclusion and Democracy. European Journal of Special Needs Education. 2006, 21.4, p431-445. We have
More informationLast time we discussed a stylized version of the realist view of global society.
Political Philosophy, Spring 2003, 1 The Terrain of a Global Normative Order 1. Realism and Normative Order Last time we discussed a stylized version of the realist view of global society. According to
More informationHOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH THE EU? THEORIES AND PRACTICE
HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH THE EU? THEORIES AND PRACTICE In the European Union, negotiation is a built-in and indispensable dimension of the decision-making process. There are written rules, unique moves, clearly
More informationDemocracy, Plurality, and Education: Deliberating Practices of and for Civic Participation
338 Democracy, Plurality, and Education Democracy, Plurality, and Education: Deliberating Practices of and for Civic Participation Stacy Smith Bates College DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY IN THE FACE OF PLURALITY
More informationIn Nations and Nationalism, Ernest Gellner says that nationalism is a theory of
Global Justice, Spring 2003, 1 Comments on National Self-Determination 1. The Principle of Nationality In Nations and Nationalism, Ernest Gellner says that nationalism is a theory of political legitimacy
More informationDeliberative Democracy and the Deliberative Poll on the Euro
Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 27 No. 3, 2004 ISSN 0080 6757 Nordic Political Science Association Deliberative Democracy and the Deliberative Poll on the Euro Kasper M. Hansen and Vibeke Normann
More informationSocial Choice Theory and Deliberative Democracy: A Response to Aldred
1 Social Choice Theory and Deliberative Democracy: A Response to Aldred JOHN S. DRYZEK AND CHRISTIAN LIST * 22 December 2003 I. INTRODUCTION Jonathan Aldred shares our desire to promote a reconciliation
More informationInstitutionalization: New Concepts and New Methods. Randolph Stevenson--- Rice University. Keith E. Hamm---Rice University
Institutionalization: New Concepts and New Methods Randolph Stevenson--- Rice University Keith E. Hamm---Rice University Andrew Spiegelman--- Rice University Ronald D. Hedlund---Northeastern University
More informationCarleton University Winter 2014 Department of Political Science
Carleton University Winter 2014 Department of Political Science PSCI 5302 A Democratic Theories Tuesdays 11:35 14:25 (Please confirm location on Carleton Central) Instructor: Marc Hanvelt Office: Loeb
More informationANARCHISM: What it is, and what it ain t...
ANARCHISM: What it is, and what it ain t... INTRODUCTION. This pamphlet is a reprinting of an essay by Lawrence Jarach titled Instead Of A Meeting: By Someone Too Irritated To Sit Through Another One.
More informationChantal Mouffe On the Political
Chantal Mouffe On the Political Chantal Mouffe French political philosopher 1989-1995 Programme Director the College International de Philosophie in Paris Professorship at the Department of Politics and
More informationIs Face-to-Face Citizen Deliberation a Luxury or a Necessity?
Political Communication, 17:357 361, 2000 Copyright ã 2000 Taylor & Francis 1058-4609/00 $12.00 +.00 Is Face-to-Face Citizen Deliberation a Luxury or a Necessity? JOHN GASTIL Keywords deliberation, democratic
More informationGoing Beyond Deliberation: The Democratic Need to Reduce Social Inequality. Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts, University of Chicago
Going Beyond Deliberation: The Democratic Need to Reduce Social Inequality By Jeff Jackson Email: jcjackson@uchicago.edu Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts, University of Chicago (*Please do not cite
More informationAnti-immigration populism: Can local intercultural policies close the space? Discussion paper
Anti-immigration populism: Can local intercultural policies close the space? Discussion paper Professor Ricard Zapata-Barrero, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Abstract In this paper, I defend intercultural
More informationGlobal Health Governance: Institutional Changes in the Poverty- Oriented Fight of Diseases. A Short Introduction to a Research Project
Wolfgang Hein/ Sonja Bartsch/ Lars Kohlmorgen Global Health Governance: Institutional Changes in the Poverty- Oriented Fight of Diseases. A Short Introduction to a Research Project (1) Interfaces in Global
More informationKeywords: committees; deliberation; European Parliament; responsiveness
Politics and Governance 2013 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 151 169 DOI: 10.12924/pag2013.01020151 Research Article The Quality of Deliberation in Two Committees of the European Parliament: The Neglected Influence
More informationThe Application of Theoretical Models to Politico-Administrative Relations in Transition States
The Application of Theoretical Models to Politico-Administrative Relations in Transition States by Rumiana Velinova, Institute for European Studies and Information, Sofia The application of theoretical
More informationMathematics and Democracy: Designing Better Voting and Fair-Division Procedures*
Mathematics and Democracy: Designing Better Voting and Fair-Division Procedures* Steven J. Brams Department of Politics New York University New York, NY 10012 *This essay is adapted, with permission, from
More informationDEMOCRACY IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES. Central European University MA Course, Winter Semester 2015
DEMOCRACY IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES Central European University MA Course, Winter Semester 2015 Instructor Dr. Matthijs Bogaards Visiting Professor, Department of Political Science Central European University
More informationThis is a post-print version of the following article: Journal information: hamburg review of social sciences (hrss), Vol. 4, Issue 3 (May 2010)
This is a post-print version of the following article: Title: Deliberation, Voting, and Truth Author: Claudia Landwehr Journal information: hamburg review of social sciences (hrss), Vol. 4, Issue 3 (May
More informationA Note on. Robert A. Dahl. July 9, How, if at all, can democracy, equality, and rights be promoted in a country where the favorable
1 A Note on Politics, Institutions, Democracy and Equality Robert A. Dahl July 9, 1999 1. The Main Questions What is the relation, if any, between democracy, equality, and fundamental rights? What conditions
More informationComments on Schnapper and Banting & Kymlicka
18 1 Introduction Dominique Schnapper and Will Kymlicka have raised two issues that are both of theoretical and of political importance. The first issue concerns the relationship between linguistic pluralism
More informationIssue Importance and Performance Voting. *** Soumis à Political Behavior ***
Issue Importance and Performance Voting Patrick Fournier, André Blais, Richard Nadeau, Elisabeth Gidengil, and Neil Nevitte *** Soumis à Political Behavior *** Issue importance mediates the impact of public
More informationPOLITICAL LITERACY. Unit 1
POLITICAL LITERACY Unit 1 STATE, NATION, REGIME State = Country (must meet 4 criteria or conditions) Permanent population Defined territory Organized government Sovereignty ultimate political authority
More informationMULTICULTURALISM AND DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY. Maurizio Passerin d'entrèves. University of Manchester
MULTICULTURALISM AND DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY Maurizio Passerin d'entrèves University of Manchester WP núm. 163 Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials Barcelona 1999 The Institut de Ciències Polítiques
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
2000-03 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS JOHN NASH AND THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR BY VINCENT P. CRAWFORD DISCUSSION PAPER 2000-03 JANUARY 2000 John Nash and the Analysis
More informationDeliberation within and across Enclaves Opinion and Knowledge Change in an Experiment
Deliberation within and across Enclaves Opinion and Knowledge Change in an Experiment Kimmo Grönlund, Åbo Akademi University, kimmo.gronlund@abo.fi Kaisa Herne, Åbo Akademi University, kaisa.herne@abo.fi
More informationProgramme Specification
Programme Specification Non-Governmental Public Action Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Programme Objectives 3. Rationale for the Programme - Why a programme and why now? 3.1 Scientific context 3.2 Practical
More informationICTs ICTs. ICTs. ICTs 2004/10/ /11/ /11/29 ( ) : 1-34 *
(2004 12 ) : 1-34 1 * * 2004 9 2 2004/10/20 2004/11/10 2004/11/29 ISSN 1726-9350 print / 1811-3109 online 2004 by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy / Vol. 1, No. 4 / December 2004 2 (2004 12 ) information
More informationBook Reviews. Julian Culp, Global Justice and Development, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2014, Pp. xi+215, ISBN:
Public Reason 6 (1-2): 83-89 2016 by Public Reason Julian Culp, Global Justice and Development, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2014, Pp. xi+215, ISBN: 978-1-137-38992-3 In Global Justice and Development,
More informationPOLI 359 Public Policy Making
POLI 359 Public Policy Making Session 10-Policy Change Lecturer: Dr. Kuyini Abdulai Mohammed, Dept. of Political Science Contact Information: akmohammed@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationAPPROACHES & THEORIES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Syllabus APPROACHES & THEORIES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE - 56865 Last update 02-08-2016 HU Credits: 4 Degree/Cycle: 2nd degree (Master) Responsible Department: political science Academic year: 0 Semester: 2nd
More informationWhy Did India Choose Pluralism?
LESSONS FROM A POSTCOLONIAL STATE April 2017 Like many postcolonial states, India was confronted with various lines of fracture at independence and faced the challenge of building a sense of shared nationhood.
More informationHow can the changing status of women help improve the human condition? Ph.D. Huseynova Reyhan
How can the changing status of women help improve the human condition? Ph.D. Huseynova Reyhan Azerbaijan Future Studies Society, Chairwomen Azerbaijani Node of Millennium Project The status of women depends
More informationAnalysing the relationship between democracy and development: Basic concepts and key linkages Alina Rocha Menocal
Analysing the relationship between democracy and development: Basic concepts and key linkages Alina Rocha Menocal Team Building Week Governance and Institutional Development Division (GIDD) Commonwealth
More information1 L. Pratchett, «Local Autonomy, Local Democracy and the «New Localism», Political. Studies, Vol. 52, 2004, p. 361.
:... 352 ( ) 1.,,.,, (,, -, ) 1. ( ), -,, ( -,, - )., :?, ( - ),.., -, 1 L. Pratchett, «Local Autonomy, Local Democracy and the «New Localism», Political Studies, Vol. 52, 2004, p. 361. 257 «-». 2 -, -.,,.,,.
More informationTowards a deliberative democracy based on deliberative polling practices
Name of the author: Rocío Zamora Medina Institution: Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM)- Spain Country: Spain Email address: rzamora@pdi.ucam.edu Keywords: deliberative polling, deliberative democracy,
More informationPolitical Opposition and Authoritarian Rule: State-Society Relations in the Middle East and North Africa
European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Workshop 5 Political Opposition and Authoritarian Rule: State-Society Relations in the Middle East and North Africa directed by
More informationDemocracy, and the Evolution of International. to Eyal Benvenisti and George Downs. Tom Ginsburg* ... National Courts, Domestic
The European Journal of International Law Vol. 20 no. 4 EJIL 2010; all rights reserved... National Courts, Domestic Democracy, and the Evolution of International Law: A Reply to Eyal Benvenisti and George
More informationLegitimacy and Complexity
Legitimacy and Complexity Introduction In this paper I would like to reflect on the problem of social complexity and how this challenges legitimation within Jürgen Habermas s deliberative democratic framework.
More informationCOMPARATIVE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Political Science 7972
COMPARATIVE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Political Science 7972 Prof Wm A Clark Thursdays 9:00-12:00 213 Stubbs Hall 210 Stubbs Hall poclark@lsu.edu Fall 2013 COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is dedicated to the
More informationHosted by the Department of Government Listening to One's Constituents? Now, There's an Idea
Hosted by the Department of Government Listening to One's Constituents? Now, There's an Idea Professor Jane Mansbridge Charles F. Adams Professor of Political Leadership and Democratic Values, Harvard
More informationA Not So Divided America Is the public as polarized as Congress, or are red and blue districts pretty much the same? Conducted by
Is the public as polarized as Congress, or are red and blue districts pretty much the same? Conducted by A Joint Program of the Center on Policy Attitudes and the School of Public Policy at the University
More informationHISTORICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS IN ECONOMICS
HISTORICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS IN ECONOMICS THE CASE OF ANALYTIC NARRATIVES Cyril Hédoin University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (France) Interdisciplinary Symposium - Track interdisciplinarity in
More informationREGIONAL POLICY MAKING AND SME
Ivana Mandysová REGIONAL POLICY MAKING AND SME Univerzita Pardubice, Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Ústav veřejné správy a práva Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyse the possibility for SME
More informationThe Ethics of Political Participation: Engagement and Democracy in the 21st Century
Res Publica (2018) 24:3 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-017-9389-7 The Ethics of Political Participation: Engagement and Democracy in the 21st Century Phil Parvin 1 Ben Saunders 2 Published online: 9
More informationNegotiation democracy versus consensus democracy: Parallel conclusions and recommendations
European Journal of Political Research 41: 107 113, 2002 107 Negotiation democracy versus consensus democracy: Parallel conclusions and recommendations AREND LIJPHART Department of Political Science, University
More informationElectoral Systems and Evaluations of Democracy
Chapter three Electoral Systems and Evaluations of Democracy André Blais and Peter Loewen Introduction Elections are a substitute for less fair or more violent forms of decision making. Democracy is based
More informationSocio-Political Marketing
Socio-Political Marketing 2015/2016 Code: 42228 ECTS Credits: 10 Degree Type Year Semester 4313148 Marketing OT 0 2 4313335 Political Science OT 0 2 Contact Name: Agustí Bosch Gardella Email: Agusti.Bosch@uab.cat
More informationA Critical Review of The Endurance of National Constitutions by Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg, and James Melton
A Critical Review of The Endurance of National Constitutions by Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg, and James Melton Tommaso Pavone (tpavone@princeton.edu) 3/5/2014 The Endurance of National Constitutions makes
More informationPluralism and Peace Processes in a Fragmenting World
Pluralism and Peace Processes in a Fragmenting World SUMMARY ROUNDTABLE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANADIAN POLICYMAKERS This report provides an overview of key ideas and recommendations that emerged
More informationConstituent Power: A Discourse-Theoretical Solution to the Conflict between Openness and Containment
doi: 10.1111/1467-8675.12253 Constituent Power: A Discourse-Theoretical Solution to the Conflict between Openness and Containment Markus Patberg 1. Introduction Constituent power is not a favorite concept
More information