Trends in Antebellum America:

Transcription

1 Mr. Cegielski Trends in Antebellum America: Covered last unit: 1. New intellectual and religious movements 2. Social reforms 3. Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions. This Unit: 1. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 2. Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization Andrew Jackson. 3. Increase in American nationalism, leading to border wars with Mexico. 4. Further westward expansion. 1

2 Complete this warm up: 2

3 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: 3

4 James Watt invented the Steam Engine Activity Challenge: Using this diagram alone, explain how you think the steam engine worked. Three to four sentences please! 4

5 Steam Tractor First Turnpike Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities. 5

6 Cumberland (National Road), 1811 Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s 6

7 Erie Canal System Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in

8 Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont Steam Ship 8

9 Principal Canals in 1840 Inland Freight Rates 9

10 Clipper Ships ASSIGNMENTS: CANALS! Directions: Read and complete PERSONAL STUDY: CANALSTHE BRIDGEWATER CANAL which explains how canals first functioned in Great Britain. Then, read Traveling the Erie Canal, 1836 from eyewitnesstohistory.com. Using the knowledge you gained, sketch a diagram of how the locks in the Erie Canal worked. If needed, conduct some extra Internet research for this. 10

11 Steam leads to the development of Railways: Economic Impact Travel Time and Space The Development of the Railroad: George Stephenson 1825 The Rocket 11

12 Just a museum relic now. An Early Steam Locomotive 12

13 Later Locomotives The Railroad Revolution, 1850s Immigrant labor built the No. RRs. Slave labor built the So. RRs. 13

14 ASSIGNMENT EYEWITNESS REPORT!: Q. Which was faster: a horse-drawn carriage at top speed or the 1 st locomotive? Read America's First Steam Locomotive, Acting as an eyewitness reporter in 1830, describe this actual race between a train and a horse carriage in a 200-word newspaper-style article! In addition, use the information from the reading to draw a sketch of the race to include with your article! 14

15 The Iron Horse Wins! (1830) miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By mi. of RR track [ ,000 mi.] 15

16 Resourcefulness & Experimentation Americans were willing to try anything. They were first copiers, then innovators patents were approved ,357 Eli Whitney s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave! 16

17 Eli Whitney s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle Oliver Evans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive 17

18 John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837) Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper:

19 Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 Telegraph Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable,

20 Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine The American Dream z They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word invention, he pricks up his ears. 20

21 Boom/Bust Cycles: The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790 it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $

22 Creating a Business-Friendly Climate Supreme Court Rulings: * Fletcher v. Peck (1810) * Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) * McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) * Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) * Charles Rivers Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1835) General Incorporation Law passed in New York, Laissez faire BUT, govt. did much to assist capitalism! Distribution of Wealth v v v v During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population Boston top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth Philadelphia top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. The gap between rich and poor was widening! 22

23 Samuel Slater ( Father of the Factory System ) The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell s town

24 Lowell in 1850 Lowell Mill 24

25 Early Textile Loom 25

26 Life During the Industrial Rev. Video A quiz follows this program so pay attention! I m testing your listening skills this time! 26

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28 New England Textile Centers: 1830s 28

29 New England Dominance in Textiles Starting for Lowell 29

30 Lowell Girls What was their typical profile? Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like? 30

31 Lowell Mills Time Table Early Union Newsletter 31

32 The Factory Girl s Garland February 20, 1845 issue. I m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes I'm a factory girl Everyday filled with fear From breathing in the poison air Wishing for windows! I'm a factory girl Tired from the 13 hours of wok each day And we have such low pay Wishing for shorten work times! I'm a factory girl Never having enough time to eat Nor to rest my feet Wishing for more free time! I'm a factory girl Sick of all this harsh conditions Making me want to sign the petition! So do what I ask for because I am a factory girl And I'm hereby speaking for all the rest! 32

33 Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell The Early Union Movement Workingman s Party (1829) * Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City. Early unions were usually local, social, and weak. Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842). Worker political parties were ineffective until the post-civil War period. 33

34 ASSIGNMENT: EXPOSE AT THE LOWELL FACTORIES! Directions: Analyze the primary source documents provided as well as the reading The Rules and Regulations of New England Mills and We Call On You to Deliver Us From the Tyrant s Chain : Lowell Women Workers Campaign for a Ten Hour Workday and complete these activities: 1) Identify and describe the working and living conditions of the "Lowell Girls." 2) Imagine that you are a writer for an expose magazine. Conduct an imaginary interview with the Lowell girls and the factory owners. This two-page dialogue should read like a question-answer session and include your analysis and conclusions about what positive changes need to be made in the Lowell factories. 34

35 Regional Specialization EAST Industrial SOUTH Cotton & Slavery WEST The Nation s Breadbasket American Population Centers in

36 American Population Centers in 1860 National Origin of Immigrants: Why now? 36

37 Know- Nothing Party: The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner Changing Occupation Distributions:

38 ECONOMIC? POLITICAL? SOCIAL? FUTURE PROBLEMS? The Democratization of American Society: Politics and Presidential Administrations from Mr. Cegielski 38