Explain why governments are formed Describe the purposes of government:

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POLITICAL SYTEMS Explain why governments are formed (Theories of the origin of government) Divine Right Theory, Force Theory, Evolutionary Theory, Social Contract Theory Describe the purposes of

2 POLITICAL SYTEMS Explain why governments are formed (Theories of the origin of government) Divine Right Theory, Force Theory, Evolutionary Theory, Social Contract Theory Describe the purposes of government: 1. Provide National Security this would include the military and national guard 2. Provide Public Services this would include schools, roads, postal services, etc. 3. Provide for an Economic System this would include regulating trade and the money supply 4. Provide Social Order this would include the police and fire departments

3 Analyze the characteristics of the following forms of government: autocracy; authoritarian; totalitarian dictatorship; monarch (absolute and constitutional); oligarchy; republic; democracy (direct and representative) describe and compare the characteristics of democratic (limited) and authoritarian (unlimited) political systems

(absolute monarchy) Locke (natural rights)

5 HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY compare the fundamental principles of government and law developed by these leading philosophers: Hobbes (absolute monarchy) Locke (natural rights) Rousseau (social contract) Montesquieu (separation of powers)

6 explain how historic documents, such as the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, and the Declaration of Independence influenced the framers of the Constitution and its development

7 analyze how the Constitution eliminated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation examine the ratification process of the Constitution and the arguments that occurred: the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate

8 THE U. S. CONSTITUTION analyze the Preamble as the mission statement of the Constitution of the United States describe the formal process for amending the Constitution and why this process is necessary explain how the powers of government are divided and shared on the federal and state levels including expressed, reserved, and concurrent powers

9 evaluate the principles of: federalism representative democracy popular sovereignty consent of the governed separation of powers checks and balances rule of law limited government majority rule and how they protect individual rights and impact the functioning of government

10 THE BILL OF RIGHTS analyze the Bill of Rights to determine the basic principles of United States government and apply them to real-world situations evaluate the freedoms and limitations of the First Amendment Evaluate amendments 1-10, and 14 describe the rights of those accused of a crime

11 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT The Legislative Branch: You need to be able to describe the structure, powers, and organization of the United States Congress. (Ch.6) Structure bicameral House of Representatives: 435 members, based on population Senate: 100 members, 2 from each state Speaker of the House (the most powerful person in Congress) gerrymandering The Census: Every 10 years a federal census is taken. The purpose of the census is to make an accurate count of the population. Once the population is counted the seats in the House of Representatives is reapportioned. This means that states may gain or lose seats in Congress based upon population.

12 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Powers enumerated powers: declare war, approve treaties, etc. implied powers: the Elastic Clause impeachment denied powers: bills of attainder, writ of habeas corpus, ex post facto

13 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Organization the law-making process committee system filibuster cloture veto and pocket veto

15 THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE Structure the President the Vice-President 22 nd Amendment: term limit 25 th Amendment: order of succession the Cabinet: executive departments federal bureaucracy

16 THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE Powers and authority chief executive: executive order, pardon, appoint judges and officials chief diplomat: foreign policy, treaty, executive agreement, ambassador, foreign aid, trade sanction, embargo commander in chief: send troops into war legislative leader head of state vs. head of government economic leader Party leader

17 Medicaid this is a program that provides medical care to the poor. The purpose of this program is to ensure that all Americans, regardless of income levels, receive basic medical care. Food and Drug Administration this is an agency that inspects food and tests drugs to ensure their safety. The purpose of this agency is to ensure that the food and drugs that we consume is safe. There are clear safety standards that the FDA ensures are adhered to. Centers for Disease Control this is an agency that works to help ensure the public s health through the study, prevention, and treatment of diseases and illnesses. The purpose of this agency is to improve the health of Americans and find the cures for diseases and illnesses.

18 The Social Security Administration The purpose of Social Security is to provide financial security for the elderly. The Federal Communications Commission the FCC was created to regulate the airways that are used to broadcast radio and TV programs. The Federal Trade Commission the FTC was created to ensure fair trade and business practices on the part of companies and corporations. The Environmental Protection Agency the EPA is charged with protecting American air, water, and other resources from pollution and other harms. Overall the purpose of the EPA is to protect American health by protecting our natural resources.

19 EPA: Think: Pollution FDA: Think: medicine, testing, labels FCC: Think: Business, organizations FAA: Think: Airplanes

20 Judicial System judicial review jurisdiction precedent opinion: majority, concurring, dissenting verdict: uphold, reverse, remand

21 Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland National Gov t over state Gov t Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but equal segregation is OK Brown v. Board of Education Separate but equal segregation is NOT OK Gideon v. Wainwright Right to Counsel New Jersey v. T.L.O. All a principal needs is reasonable suspicion to seach Tinker v. Des Moines Freedom of expression is OK as long as it does not disrupt learning Miranda v. Arizona Right to remain silent, informed of rights

22 Structure and organization of the Federal Court System district courts appeals courts: 13 circuits the Supreme Court: nine justices (Judges)

23 Checks and Balances

24 The Electoral College System

25 Electoral College Citizens vote for their candidate, the candidate with the most votes wins the state. The candidate with the most total elector votes wins the election. Winner Takes All system

26 How Economic Systems Work needs and wants Economics Tariffs resources and scarcity Scarcity: Not enough of something Opportunity Cost: What you have to give up to make a decision

27 Economic Systems market economy Business and individuals make decisions command economy Gov t controls all aspects of the economy mixed economy A mix of market and command traditional economy How people have always done things (farming and hunting)

28 Government and the Economy Monopoly and antitrust law(s): GDP: TOTAL amount of $ the country makes in one year Inflation: when prices increases Unemployment rate: How many people that want a job but do not have a job

29 Government Finances budget expenditures and revenues surplus and deficit supply and demand influence prices

30 Money and Banking money and the Federal Reserve

31 International Trade benefits of trade, trade restrictions, trade agreements, balance of trade the national debt globalization

32 International Organizations: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) this organization is composed of the United States and our allies in Europe. The purpose is to protect our national security and those of our allies. If one country was invaded all member nations would go to war to defend each other. United Nations (UN) this organization is composed of most of the countries of the world and the purpose is to prevent war through dialogue with other countries. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) this agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada provides for free trade of most goods between these countries. The purpose of this agreement was to increase economic opportunities in all three countries. International Monetary Fund (IMF) this organization monitors international exchange rates of member nations. The purpose of this organization is to secure international economic stability. World Bank this organization provides loans to member countries to build infrastructure and deal with domestic needs. The purpose of this organization is to promote economic growth in developing (poor) nations. International Red Cross this organization provides support to nations in times of war and disasters (such as floods). The purpose of this organization is to provide humanitarian relief.

Share Conclusions. Disciplinary Tools. Questions

Share Conclusions. Disciplinary Tools. Questions The High School Assessment (HSA) in American government provides Maryland students with the opportunity to learn the Constitutional framework and democratic process that structure the State and national