Russian Revolution Workbook

Transcription

1 Russian Revolution Workbook Name: Per. # Unit 2 Russian Revolution Test Date: Unit Overview Score Workbook Score Warm Up Score 1

2 Revolutions Unit Overview Key Terms 1. Marxism 2. Communism 3. Bloody Sunday 4. Proletariat/ Bourgeoisie 5. Bolsheviks 6. Cult of Personality 7. USSR 8. Gulag 2

3 Key Concepts 1. What were the major motivations behind the Russian Revolution? 2. Compare Capitalism and Communism, how are they similar how they different? 3. What were the different social groups involved in the Russian Revolution? What did each group hope to gain/maintain? 4. What was the outcome of the Russian Revolution? 3

4 Communism Notes Essential Question What is Communism? Communism is a philosophy of Based on the ideals of Marxism / Socialism Stresses the following: Classless / stateless society of all resources No private property Social Who Came Up with Communism? Karl Marx ( ) German by birth Former college professor Author / philosopher Hated the conditions that the had brought to workers Observes all history is marked by class struggle, cause of all Created = aka Communism The Communist Manifesto The was Marx greatest work Published in 1848 Not widely read in Europe until after Marx s death in 1883 Marxist Two (2) groups: The Major Groups in Communism 1. = Working class / lower classes of society 2. = Upper classes / the ones who gain wealth off the proletariat 4

5 Marxist Theories Marx studied the of the world s economies and the way that power, industry and finance are controlled. He saw the way countries developed in over world history Primitive Communism This is how humans first lived together Everything was shared amongst the tribe food, jobs, belongings. No-one owned land. Eventually a group comes to power this leads to Feudalism A, emperor or chief becomes the ruler over all the people. He gives land and privileges to nobles who rule the people for him. The people are kept uneducated and told that chose the king to rule. The church helps the king this way. As trade develops, some people get richer. This leads to.. Capitalism The business owners or get richer while the workers do all the hard work. The capitalists get more power to serve their own. Capitalism creates a huge working-class of people who soon get angry at the way they are treated. Eventually they begin to demand changes. This will lead to a and Socialism Socialism In the revolution all the rulers kings, churches, capitalists are got rid of. The workers take control of the country to things for everyone. Because nothing is made for profit, all people benefit from education and health. These ideas spread across the world to create 5

6 Communism/Marxism As everyone now works together, war is a thing of the past are not needed. Sharing means no are needed. Everything is provided by the so money becomes a thing of the past. All human activity goes towards each other allowing all to live their lives to the full. Communism in 3 Steps The classes will rise up in a great uprising against the Bourgeoisie (Civil War) A dictatorship will step in and help to re-develop society (re-build industry, create laws, etc.) The temporary dictatorship will give up power, thus creating a classless, borderless utopia Summary: Write 2-3 sentences answering the essential question. 6

7 Essential Question: Communism and Capitalism DBQ DOCUMENT 1: Katia, a 16-year-old ninth grader from Moscow (quote) (1980) Capitalisms are rich people who own factories and have lots of money and workers. A factory can belong to one person in Capitalism but in (Communism) it belongs to the government. I am for the idea of (Communism). It seems to me that you have more of an opportunity to live well. You won t lose your job in (Communism) I ve heard about the unemployment problem in America. People can t find any kind of job. That s the way we heard about it that (in) the West, unemployment, everything there is bad, a real mess. Describe the speaker s point of view about capitalism. DOCUMENT 2: Ralph Waldo Emerson (adapted) Wealth brings with it its own checks and balances. The basis of (a capitalism) economy is noninterference (by the government). The only safe rule is found in the self-adjusting meter of demand and supply. Open the doors of opportunity to talent and virtue and they will do themselves justice, and property will not be in bad hands. In a free and just commonwealth, property rushes from the idle and imbecile to the industrious, brave and persevering. According to the author, why is capitalism successful? DOCUMENT 3: Friedrich Engels, Principles of Communism Above all, (the government) will have to take the control of industry and of all branches of production out of the hands of competing individuals, and instead institute a system as whole, that is for the common account, according to a common plan, and with the participation of all members of society. It will abolish competition Private property must therefore be abolished. (a) Who controls the means of production and all property in a communist system? (b) What happens to competition in a communist system? 7

8 DOCUMENT 4: T.P. Whitney, The Russian Peasant Wars on the Kremlin (1954) Andrei, his wife, his father, and (his) elder son all have to work on the collective farmlands. He is not stupid and sees that almost all the produce ends up in the hands of the Government. The local Communist party boss is always coming back for more and more. Andrei and his family know ahead of time that they are going to get (a) very small return for working on the collectivized fields. Naturally this conditions (changes) their attitudes. They are constantly on a sort of slow-down strike. Why are Andrei and his family slowing down the pace of their work? DOCUMENT 5: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations The Wealth of Nations carries the important message of laissez faire, which means that the government should intervene as little as possible in economic affairs and leave the market to its own devices. It advocates the liberation of economic production from all limiting regulation in order to benefit the people What is the author s argument about the role of government in economics? DOCUMENT 6: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848) masses of laborers crowded into factories. They are slaves of the machine and the manufacturer. Instead of rising as industry progresses, they sink deeper and deeper into poverty What do the authors think that people get out of industry progressing? DOCUMENT 7: Harry Schwartz, The New York Times (1952) The (communist) worker s standard of living is raised by several benefits the government provides. He receives free medical care. He does not have to worry about being unemployed. Old and disabled people receive social insurance. The government also provides nurseries and kindergartens for the children of working mothers According to the author, what aspects of life are improved under communism? 8

9 The Russian Revolution Guided Reading: Pages Essential Question: 1. Where were socialist parties finding success following WWI? The Last Czar: 2. How did the serfs in Russia live? 3. Identify several factors that made Nicholas II ill-prepared to be a ruler in Russia. 4. What happened during Bloody Sunday? Red October: Two Revolutions 5. What role did Vladimir Lenin play prior to the outbreak of revolution? 6. Who were soviets? 7. How were the Bolsheviks different than the Mensheviks? 9

10 8. What led the Czar to abdicate his throne? 9. Why did the Germans help Lenin get back into Russia? 10. What was Lenin forced to do once he seized power in Russia? Red and White: Lenin and the Russian Civil War 11. Which groups of people formed the Red and White armies? 12. Identify the 4 things that contributed to the depression and famine in Russia? 13. What happened to Russians suspected of disloyalty? What was this called? 14. What did the NEP allow for? What was the result? 15. Who were the kulaks? Who were the nepmen? 10

11 Russian Revolution Notes Essential Question Conditions in Russia that led to Revolution Working conditions and peasant life o Industrialized later than most of than W. Europe o hours/day, 6 day/week o Poor safety and o Low wages o A few elite owned most of the makes things worse o Needed more factory goods o Bankrupted government o Distracted the Tsar o Huge # of soldiers Bloody Sunday o Jan o Unarmed at the Winter Palace killed by soldiers Tsar Nicholas II Also known as Nicholas Romanov Absolute Monarch believed in Spends time on the battlefield o Wife, Alexandra, in charge o Advised by Rasputin Ignores cries for 11 February Revolution occur in Petrograd o Factory workers go on mass strike o Rallies held calling for bread mostly women

12 Police called in to stop demonstrations, but are weak and unable. They are taken captive by radicals Tsar Nicholas (gives up thrown) o Shipped home and placed under house arrest with family. Provisional put in place o Not that different from Tsar The Bolsheviks Political party led by Vladimir Want to bring Communism to Russia October Revolution Bolsheviks overthrow provisional End involvement in WWI Immediately face and win o Red Army (Bolsheviks) v. Army (anti-bolsheviks) Bolshevik Rule The o 50,000 1,000,000 deaths o Eliminate counter revolutionaries or members of upper class Tsar Nicholas and family Create the Union Soviet Socialist Republics ( ) o Communist o redistributed 12

13 Joseph Stalin Takes over after dies Summary: Write 2-3 sentences answering the essential question. Goals: Industrialization and at any cost Develops a t of Personality o Correctional work camps o Kill any challengers = o Dictator 13

14 The Declaration of the Rights of Working and Exploited People Essential Question: Each group will be assigned 4 articles. In your groups read each article and translate it into modern day language that you would use. Article # Article # Article # Article # Article # Based on the articles that you translated, what were some of the specific abuses that the Declaration of the Rights of workers was supposed to protect against? Article # Specific Abuse 14

15 Stalin: Man of Steel Video Questions Essential Question: 1. What does 'Stalin' mean? 2. How many times was Stalin arrested and jailed? 3. What did Stalin train to be before joining the Bolshevik party?? 4. In 1922, Lenin wrote a 'political testament' what two suggestions did this make? 5. What action did Stalin take against the Russian Orthodox Church? 6. What does Stalin do to try and change Russia rom a peasant society into a global power? 7. What are collectives and what will they help to do? 8. What does Stalin do to force collectivization? 9. What is a gulag and what did Stalin use them for? 15

16 10. What is life like in the outer princes such as Ukraine? 11. What is Stalin doing with the grain produced in Ukraine? 12. How is urban life different from rural life in Russia? 13. What do you think that the death of Stalin s wife tells us about him? 14. What does Stalin do with people that he sees as rivals? 15. How did Stalin get people to turn in spies and traitors? 16. How many Russian are killed during the Great Terror? 17. What was life like in the gulag? 18. Who did prisoners believe was the only one who could save them, why? 16

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27 Warm Ups Warm-up # Warm-up # Warm-up # 27

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31 Russian Revolution Partners 31