Goal 9 Prosperity and Depression

Transcription

1 Goal 9 Prosperity and Depression

2 The Roaring Life of the 1920 s Chapter 16

3 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Changing ways of life Rural and Urban differences Many people were flocking to the cities The city represented a change in culture Prohibition City: fast paced, exciting, changing, and very liberal Small towns: conservative moral values and close social relationships 18 th amendment Became an impossible law to enforce

4 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Changing ways of life Speakeasies Hidden saloons and nightclubs where you could obtain liquor illegally Speak quietly when inside Bootleggers The smuggling of alcohol Rise of prohibition Video The Rise of Prohibition

5 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Changing ways of life Organized Crime Prohibition caused general disrespect of the law and the rise of the gangster Al Capone Chicago Gangster who rose to great prominence His bootlegging empire rose to 60 million a year He took control of Chicago by killing off his competition Al Capone & Prohibition Video Shaping organized Crime

6 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Changing ways of life Fundamentalism The Protestant movement grounded in the literal interpretation of the bible They rejected the belief of evolution by Charles Darwin They instead advanced creationism Billy Sunday» Powerful revivalist who staged emotional meetings across the south Semple McPherson» She preached on the radio to Midwesterners

7 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Changing ways of life Scopes Monkey Trial As Fundamentalism raged on, Tenn. passed a law, that banned evolution from being taught in school Scopes a Biology teacher was arrested and tried in court He was found guilty and fined $100

8 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. The Twenties Women 19 th Amendment As women were granted suffrage they began to reject 19 th century values and demand the same freedom s as men Flapper An emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day Double Standard New work opportunities The changing family

9 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Education and Popular Culture School enrollment skyrocket in the later 20 s Expanding news coverage Mass media rose to prominence Radio comes of age Most powerful communication median to emerge in the 1920 s

10 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. Education and Popular Culture Heroes of the 20 s Babe Ruth Baseball legend 60 homeruns in 1 year Charles Lindbergh Made the first non stop solo flight across the Atlantic He left NY in the Spirit of St. Louis and landed in Paris

11 Objective 9.03: Analyze the significance of social, intellectual and technological changes of lifestyle in the United States. Education and Popular Culture Entertainment and the Arts Silent films and then Talkies 1 st major motion picture with sound The Jazz Singer 1 st animated movie Steamboat Willie Writers of the 1920 s Sinclair Lewis 1 st American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature F. Scott Fitzgerald Coined the term Jazz Age He revealed the negative side of the periods gaiety and freedom

12 Objective 9.03: Analyze the significance of social, intellectual and technological changes of lifestyle in the United States. The Harlem Renaissance Great Migration The movement of African Americans north sparked a changing attitude Marcus Garvey In 1914 Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) He thought that African Americans should build a separate society back to Africa movement

13 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. The Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance Harlem a neighborhood in NY, became the largest urban black neighborhood Like many other neighborhoods, Harlem suffered from overcrowding, poverty, unemployment These cares were pushed aside by a flowering Harlem Renaissance a movement celebrating the literary and artistic culture of African Americans

14 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. The Harlem Renaissance African American Writers The movements best known poet Langston Hughes Many of his poems described the difficult lives of working- class African Americans African American Performers Zora Neale Hurston Wrote many novels portraying poor unschooled southern blacks Paul Roberson Major dramatic actor

15 Just What is Jazz? 3

16 The Big Noise 8

17 Objective 9.04: Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender. The Harlem Renaissance African Americans and Jazz Musicians blended instrumental ragtime and vocal blues Louis Armstrong (8) Became perhaps the most important and influential musician in the history of Jazz Duke Ellington Jazz pianist and composer who led a 10 piece orchestra at the Cotton club 20

18 The Great Depression Begins Chapter 17

19 Objective 9.02: Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period. The Nations Sick Economy Economic troubles on the Horizon Industries, farmers, and consumers steadily marched deeper into debt Industries Rail Road industries lost money to an increasing transportation network and many wartime industries faded Farmers Due to a lowering demand for crops farmers began to overproduce going deeper into debt Consumers Americans were buying less due to stagnant wages, rising prices, unbalanced distribution of wealth, and overbuying on credit (price supports) Chapter 17

20 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. The Nations Sick Economy Hoover takes the nation Herbert Hoover became president in 1928 Stock Market Through the 1920 s the Dow Industrial Average continued to rise but trouble was coming People began to engage in speculation People thinking the stock would go up then they could sell Chapter 17

21 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. The Nations Sick Economy Stock Market (cont.) Buying on Margin When you buy a stock with money you borrowed from the bank and when you sell your stock and make money you can payoff your loan Stock Market Crash Black Tuesday On October 29, 1929; the bottom fell out of the stock market By mid-november, investors had lost about 30- billion (same as what was spent on WWI) Chapter 17

22 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. The Nations Sick Economy Financial collapse the stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression Period of time from in which the economy plummeted and unemployment skyrocketed Bank failure After the crash people panicked, withdrawing their money only to find out that it was not there Banks began to close their doors Chapter 17

23 Objective 9.02: Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period. The Nations Sick Economy Business failure Unemployment going down meant no one able to buy goods The depression was a worldwide problem Hawley-Smoot Tariff: to protect American factories the govt. placed a huge tax on imports. This over protection backfired, other nations put tariffs on US and we could not sell our goods to them Chapter 17

24 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. The Nations Sick Economy Causes of the Great Depression Tariff s and war debt policies that cut down the foreign market for US goods Crisis in farming The availability of easy credit An unequal distribution of wealth Black Tuesday Video Black Tuesday Chapter 17 5

25 Objective 9.02: Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period. Hardships & Suffering During the Depression The Depression in the Cities People lost their jobs, evicted from their homes, and ended up in the streets Shantytowns Little towns consisting of shacks Soup kitchens Offered free or low cost food Bread Lines Lines of people waiting to receive food from charitable organizations Chapter 17

26 Objective 9.02: Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period. Hardships & Suffering During the Depression Depression in rural areas Although just as bad economically, farmers could grown their own food The Dust Bowl Drought Removing all the protective grass and trees on the plains for farming Overproduction Caused a huge migration to Pacific Coast states The Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl Chapter 17 5

27 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. Hardships & Suffering During the Depression Effects on the American family during the Depression Many families stayed home and coped Many families broke apart under the strain No Direct Relief Cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor Hoover did not believe that govt. should do this, he wanted private charities like the Salvation Army to help people, Rugged individualism Can do! Chapter 17

28 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. Hoover Struggles with the Depression Hoover tries to Reassure the nation Stock market crash Remain optimistic and business as usual Anti Hoover sentiments grew because of the worsening depression Farmers destroyed crops and blocked roads to prevent food from getting to market By 1930 people referred to the shanty towns as Hoovervilles Hoover stuck to his principles and refused to support direct relief or other forms of federal welfare Chapter 17

29 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. Hoover Struggles with the Depression Hoover Takes Action Cooperatives Negotiating private agreements Farmers Direct intervention Federal Home Loan Bank Act Lowered rates Reconstruction Finance Corporation 2 billion in emergency money» Banks and other large businesses Chapter 17

30 Objective 9.01: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920s and 1930s. Hoover Struggles with the Depression Bonus Army Between 10,000 and 20,000 WWI veterans arrived in DC in support of a bill to pay vets a bonus for serving The bill was not approved Hoover called for the army to leave Force was necessary The army drove them out with tear gas and fire Chapter 17 3

31 The New Deal Chapter 18

32 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. A New Deal Fights the Depression Americans receive a New Deal Republicans re-nominated Hoover Democrats nominated Roosevelt Americans were ready for a change because of the lost faith in Hoover FDR won an overwhelming victory (23-16)» Congress also possessed a Democratic majority While awaiting for inauguration FDR began to formulate a plan.» The New Deal

33 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. A New Deal Fights the Depression The Hundred Days Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation 1 st step was to reform the banking system Closed banks 1 day after taking office» Emergency Banking Relief Act- banks were investigated and those banks that were sound, reopened and those that were not, did not Fireside chat FDR explained in clear easy to understand language to the public through the radio

34 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. A New Deal Fights the Depression Regulating banking and finance Glass-Steagall Act FDIC: provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts This reassured millions of bank customers their money was safe Federal Securities Act Made companies provide complete information on all stock offerings and held them accountable for misrepresentations SEC: regulated the stock market, 1 major goal was to prevent people from giving insider information to gain profit

35 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. A New Deal Fights the Depression Rural Assistance Agriculture adjustment Act (AAA) Paid farmers to not grow crops, plow under fields of existing crops, and slaughter animals Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) By focusing efforts on the badly depressed Tenn. valley jobs were created in the creation of dams Providing work projects Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Provided jobs for young people 2

36 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. A New Deal Fights the Depression Public Works Administration (PWA) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in the construction of schools and other community buildings Critics of the New Deal Many critics disliked the idea of deficit spending Spending more money than the govt. receives in revenue

37 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. A New Deal Fights the Depression One of the most serious critics and challengers FDR faced was Huey Long Long, in the beginning supported the New Deal programs but later turned against them Long was assassinated at the height of his popularity

38 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. The Second New Deal The Roosevelt administration was seeking ways to improve on what was accomplished in the 1 st 100 days Eleanor Roosevelt pushed FDR to keep pushing programs to help the poor Roosevelt extends relief Works Progress Administration (WPA) Designed to create as many jobs as possible as quickly as possible Building & repairing roads, building airports and buildings

39 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. The Second New Deal Improving labor and other reforms Wagner Act Reestablished collective bargaining The govt. again, protected the rights of workers to join unions and engage in collective bargaining with employees Also protected workers from unfair labor practices Social Security Act One of the most important achievements of the New Deal Provides a pension for retired workers and their spouses and aided people with disabilities

40 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. The Impact of the New Deal FDR faced pressure to scale back his New Deal programs Supporters and Critics Critics: To large and powerful govt. Restricted free enterprise Supporters Did not do enough Struck a reasonable balance

41 Objective 9.05: Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life. The Impact of the New Deal Lasting impact Expanded fed govt. role in economy Shaping the economy Creating federal jobs Regulating supply and demand FDIC SEC Social Security Old age insurance TVA Harnessed power