1 st SEPTEMBER 2017 CURRENT AFFAIRS CONCEPTS

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1 BRICS and INDIA-CHINA What is BRICS? It is a grouping of five major emerging economies i.e., Brazil, India, Russia, Chain and South Africa, which comprises 43% of the World Population, 30% of the World GDP and 17% share in the World trade. History Started initially as BRIC after the meeting of G8 Summit in 2006, in St.Petersburg. Role of BRICS in India-China Relations BRICS Summit provides an opportunity for both India and China to take a step in right direction. Other BRICS nations like Russia, South Africa and Brazil may play a significant role by mediating and creating a friendly environment between India and China. Creating working groups within BRICS with respect to important issues like Border disputes, Trade deficit, Panchsheel principles implementation etc., Holding mandatory bilateral meeting on the sidelines of BRICS as an opportunity for heads of nations to discuss issues. A BRICS dispute settlement board or arbitration panel can be considered to look into any bilateral issue. Since India and China in BRICS are similar to US and EU in several political and economic trans-atlantic agreements, both countries should come together to establish a world order through BRICS. Several BRICS initiatives like BRICS declaration on education can strength people to people contact between India and China. The platform of BRICS can be used to strengthen economic relations by setting up a New Development Bank. India and China through BRICS can cooperate on common global issues like Climate change, reforms in the World Bank etc., Challenges for India in BRICS ) BRICS-plus or Friend of BRICS China is planning to include Pakistan, Srilanka and Mexico into BRICS, which India may not like especially Pakistan.

2 AT the same time, it may not be prudent to be seen India as opposing China more. 2) Russia, which was the prime mover for grouping, is moving closer to China and away from India. 3) The US new Afghan Policy has divided Russia, China, Iran and Pakistan on one side and India, US and NATO allies on other side. 9 th BRICS SUMMIT-2017 Theme BRICS STRONGER PARTNERSHIP FOR A BRIGHTHER LIFE Objectives 1) Strengthening, solidarity and Collaboration 2) Improving global governance, deepening pragmatic cooperation to achieve mutual benefits. 3) Increasing people to people exchanges and enhancing public support. 4) Strengthening institutional mechanism and improving cooperation platform. India at Goa Prime Minister Narendra Modi has repeatedly raised the issue of cross border terrorism and urged the BRICS nations to act against terror activities. NEW BRICS Initiatives 1) BRICS PLUS BRICS tries to protect the interests of developing countries. Hence, BRICS plus is an initiative aimed at increasing its openness and accessibility to integration of states of developing world. 2) People to people exchanges is a key gender which will lay foundation for better understanding between people of different countries. BRICS university league is an example 3) BRICS NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK Launched 2 years ago Setup for promoting Robust financial stability and to overcome the ill-effects of global financial crisis The Bank should play a significant role in addressing the current environment challenges given the BRICS commitment for Sustainable Development Goals BRICS seeks to become a globally influential bloc for South-South cooperation, thereby creating a fair and rational international order.

3 SIGNIFICANCE of BRICS in the International System It is promoting global economic growth and pushing a more democratic international relations The group stood together in the face of international crisis and economic slowdown. BRICS is making efforts to expand partnerships particularly with developing countries. BRICS New Development Bank is an initiative towards this. BRICS advocates dialogue and peaceful resolution of disputes, in addition to lifting any curbs on trade and investments. With the BRICS demands, many global governance structures are undergoing a gradual reforms. A BRICS credit rating agency to end the western monopoly, with its establishment still under discussion, is expected to enable the bloc to contribute more to global economic governance. GDP GROWTH DECLINE Context GDP growth, officials blame it on sharp decline in industrial activity The production performance of 8 core industries comprise 40.27% of weight included in the index of industrial production IIP which was 2.4% higher compared to the index of July 2016(38%) Coal increase by 0.7% in July 2017, Crude oil decreased by 0.5%, Natural Gas increase 6.6%, Refinery Products decline by 2.7%, Steel production increase by 9.2%, Fertilisers decline by 0.3%, Electricity increase by 5.4%, Cement decline by 2% Half of eight constituents recorded decline in production performance in July 2017 Besides a favorable base effect, this also reflected a slight improvement in industrial demand following the introduction of GST regime Coal, Electricity, Steel Production increased. The growth of 8 core infrastructure sectors also came down to 2.4% Key factor was trade deficit rising to 3.2% of the GDP compared to 0.9% last year.

4 IMPORTANCE OF BHUTAN IN DOKLAM (IE EDITORIAL) Though from the beginning, it was perceived by many that India came to the rescue of tiny Bhutan, but actually Bhutan came to the rescue of India. Bhutan rescuing India 1) Since 1990, China is eying Doklam from Bhutan in return of bigger territorial concessions in disputed territories in Central Bhutan. But still Bhutan rejected Chinese offer for Indian Security. 2) Doklam, from the Bhutanese point of geography, is neither strategically important nor does it hold any economic value. 3) Bhutan has to pay heavily for rejecting the offer on Doklam on Chinese, which occupied even recognized Bhutanese area. 4) The recent standoff, Bhutan has an opportunity for buying border peace from China by citing helplessness towards Chinese aggression to India. But, it stood firm and backed India throughout 5) India never rushed to intervene in China s incursions in Bhutan in the past because they were not affecting India s security unlike Doklam. 6) 2007 Friendship treaty is not security assistance but security pact in which Bhutan has the option of refusing Indian security assistance, in which case matter becomes complicated for India. 7) Bhutan was criticized for putting two giants in a potential fight, but the government wanted to assist its long term friend during its moment of crisis Conclusion It was Bhutan which risked itself and stood by India till the end. MOB LYNCHINGS Context The brave new world of lynch mobs. This is what happens when majoritarianism and vigilantism are not roundly condemned. Recently Americans recalled the last lynching which happened some hundreds of years ago But in case of India, lynching happened less than 100days ago and no politician is bothered about this issue.

5 Though the birth of the world lynching took place in America, these days it became an Indian word where it is used to attack Minorities and Dalits. In America, the person s identity involved in lynchings is hidden where as in India it is an open secret where lynching took place in Public. Neither PM nor any politicians condemned these Recently in America, during Neo-Nazi rally, Trump failed to blame the exact person. In both the countries, America s President and Indian PM having preferential treatments. Problems of both America and India is same but with different names Lynchings in America is for race and Lynchings in India is in the name of religion and caste. And both the leaders are responding in a similar way in these situations. These leaders are having a private form of authoritarianism in democratic countries. According to them, In India, as per present PM Nationalist Heroes are all Hindus. In America, heroes are people who participated in Civil war. Though there are many similarities in Mob lynchings of India and America, there is a difference that America is against lynching in majority of times both constitutionally and morally and the people are also reacting to this But in India, there is no one take care of this issue seriously. TACKLING URBAN FLOODING Strategies to tackle Urban flooding Two parallel initiatives are under way to prepare response strategies and present kind of situation witnessed in Chennai in 2015 and Mumbai earlier this week. Implementation of a pilot plan in Chennai and other by NDMA similar pilot plan for Guwahati. One of the objectives of two initiatives is to develop early warning systems, alerting the public, diverting traffic, and evacuating residents.

6 Second objective, a more long term is to improve drainage system in cities, declog existing networks, Better solid waste management practices and regulate new constructions in low lying areas. In the road map circulated to the state governments, the NDMA has asked Civic authorities - To ensure regular cleaning of drains, mapping of water bodies, warning people about heavy rains, remove encroachments and obstructions from drainage paths. SECTION 377 Context Is it time to review section 377? What is section 377? Sexual activities against the order for nature, including homosexual activities. Homosexual activities means sexual activity between persons of the same sex In other words, Gay sex is crime. Maximum punishment of life imprisonment for person who go against order of nature i.e, homosexuality. Origin This law is included in Indian Penal Code. IPS is a criminal code of India. All the criminal laws, offences and punishments are enshrined in this. It was drafted by Thomas Macaulay, he was the Governor General of India. Background 2001 A writ petition was filed by NAZ foundation questioning the validity of section 377. They say it violates dignity, privacy and health under article 21 (Right to life and personal liberty), 14 (Equality before law), 15 (No discrimination) Later in 2009, this section was struck down by Delhi High Court. High court said that it violates articles 21, of Indian Constitution. 2013:

7 Supreme Court opposed 2009 verdict and said homosexuality and unnatural sex is illegal and will continue to be an offence. Supreme Court believed that it is against the Indian culture. And Supreme Court asked the Parliament to review the law Shashi Tharoor introduced a private members Bill in Lok Sabha to discriminate (treat illegal) homosexuality. The Bill was rejected. Private Member Bill It is introduced by a M.P. (Member of Parliament) who is not the part of government, but mostly of opposition Supreme Court directed government to declare transgender as third gender and to be given reservation under OBC quota. Six countries where Gay Marriage is legal 1) USA, England, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa and most of the European countries etc. 2) Nepal is the most open country in South Asia for LGBT rights because Nepal has recognized LGBT rights Criticism It makes gay men feel like lesser human beings because they are seen as criminals by law. Section 377 was included by Britishers (English men), as they feel homosexuality is against the order of nature. At present, Gay marriage is legal in England. Way forward Section 377 is violating article 14 in particular as it promises equality for all. LGBT gender is part of nature given and it is not a personal choice. Section 377 is to be removed by the parliament so that gay men and the LGBT community can live their lives with dignity But parliament should also make strict laws for people who are supporting forced gay sex and unnatural intercourse with animals. UNDERSTANDING THE CHINESE MIND (HINDU EDITORIAL)

8 Though both Indian and China have averted a serious crisis by stepping back and disengaging, it is unclear whether China will still continue to patrol the region. The Chinese statement that, it has agreed to make necessary adjustments and deployment and it claims to have been doing patrol earlier, strengthens the argument that it will still continue patrolling. India s actions in Doklam are easy to understand against complex and confusing China s reasons for Doklam. Reasons for China s stepping back China is looking for an opportunity for a settlement in Doklam and will reconsider the halted road building after taking into account of different factors One of the main reason for stepping back is the two upcoming events i.e., BRICS summit and 19 th Congress of the Chinese communist party. Both the events have high priority and nothing can be permitted to disrupt these events. China is keen to fine tune its Great power diplomacy for which it needs to prefer peace over conflict. Great Power Diplomacy Seeking to reshape the regional and international order Ex: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) China has to redress issues like internal economic imbalances, declining growth rate, High debt levels and expensive labor. Hence it is more than ever depend on international trade and global production chains to sustain higher levels of GDP China s weakness point is its lack of resources especially oil. It is completed dependent on Gulf for Oil for which maintain peace in Asia is vital to ensured uninterrupted oil supply. China s military engagement outside its border will seriously dampen its intent for a sustained economic growth and its aspiration to be a great power. China is not willing to upset the international political or economic order. Conclusion

9 Any interruption, by indulging in a conflict with a nation small or big, would damage and derail the progress that is essential to achieve its objective of becoming a great power.

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