DETAILED CONTENTS. Acronyms and Abbreviations...xvii Preface...xxiii Acknowledgments...xxvii. Chapter 1. Health and Health Policy...

Transcription

1 DETAILED CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations...xvii Preface...xxiii Acknowledgments...xxvii Chapter 1. Health and Health Policy...1 Health Defined...2 Defining Health Policy...9 Forms of Health Policies...13 Categories of Health Policies...17 The Impact of Health Policy on Health Determinants and Health...21 Summary...33 Case Study: U.S. Hospitals and the Civil Rights Act of Chapter 2. The Context of Health Policymaking...49 Federal Government...50 State Government...55 Local Government...56 Governments at All Three Levels Make Health Policy The Health Policy Market...60 Demanders and Suppliers of Health Policies...64 Interplay Among Demanders and Suppliers in Policy Markets...76 Summary...79 Chapter 3. The Process of Health Policymaking...83 Conceptual Frameworks and Theories of Policymaking A Core Model of the Public Policymaking Process...85 Formulation Phase...85 Implementation Phase...90 Modification Phase...94 xi

2 xii Key Features of the Policymaking Process...95 Summary Chapter 4. The Role of Courts in Health Policy and Policymaking The Core Roles of Courts Structure of the Judicial Branch Functioning of the Courts Courts Acting as Referees Courts Acting as Meaning Givers Courts Acting as Rights Enforcers Summary Chapter 5. Policy Formulation: Agenda Setting Agenda Setting Interest Group Involvement in Agenda Setting The Influential Role of Chief Executives in Agenda Setting The Nature of the Health Policy Agenda Summary Chapter 6. Policy Formulation: Development of Legislation The Choreography of Legislation Development Originating and Drafting Legislative Proposals Introducing and Referring Proposed Legislation to Committees House or Senate Floor Action on Proposed Legislation Conference Committee Actions on Proposed Legislation Presidential Action on Proposed Legislation Legislation Development for the Federal Budget Legislation Development for State Budgets From Formulation to Implementation Summary Chapter 7. Policy Implementation and Implementing Organizations Responsibility for Policy Implementation...197

3 xiii CMS as an Exemplar Implementing Agency Policy Implementation as Policymaking, but with a Management Aspect Summary Chapter 8. Policy Implementation Activities: Designing, Rulemaking, Operating, and Evaluating Designing Rulemaking Operating Evaluating Summary Chapter 9. Policy Modification Distinguishing Policy Modification from Policy Initiation Medicare: A Long History of Policy Modification in Practice Incrementalism in Policymaking Mechanics of the Modification Phase Participants in All Three Branches of Government Play Roles in Modification Modification Occurs Throughout the Policymaking Process Summary Chapter 10. Building Policy Competence for Health Professionals Policy Competence Defined The Ethics of Influencing Policymaking Policy Competence for Health Professionals: Influencing Policymaking Observing to Identify Public Policy Information That Is Possibly Important to the Professional Assessing the Level of Importance of Identified Public Policy Information for the Professional Monitoring the Public Policy Information Identified as Important Forecasting the Future Direction of Important Public Policy Information...305

4 xiv Influencing Policymaking Using Organizational Relationships to Increase Influence in Policymaking The Human Element in Influencing Public Policy Environments Summary Appendix 1. Overview of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Appendix 2. Overview of Medicare Appendix 3. Overview of Medicaid Appendix 4. Briefly Annotated Chronological List of Selected US Federal Laws Pertaining to Health Appendix 5. National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Establishment Act Appendix 6. Summaries of a Proposed and a Final Rule Appendix 7. News Release: FDA Allows Marketing of First Medical Device to Prevent Migraine Headaches Appendix 8. Smokefree Laws Appendix 9. Laws Implemented by the EPA Appendix 10. Medicare Revisited Again and Again Appendix 11. The United States Constitution and the Federal Government Appendix 12. State Legalization of Recreational Marijuana: Selected Legal Issues Appendix 13. Finding Better Solutions: CMS Innovation Center Develops New Payment and Service Delivery Models Appendix 14. Coalition Letter Requesting Changes to Meaningful Use for Greater Systems Interoperability Appendix 15. Types of Groups Involved in Financing Political Campaigns...483

5 xv Appendix 16. Testimony on Heart Disease Education, Analysis Research, and Treatment for Women Act (or HEART for Women Act ) Appendix 17. Congressional Conference Committees Appendix 18. The Federal Budget Process Appendix 19. Michigan s Budget Process Appendix 20. Oversight Plan of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, United States House of Representatives, 113th Congress Appendix 21. MedPAC Appendix 22. Improving Access to Mental Health Services for Veterans, Service Members, and Military Families Appendix 23. Performance Culture in the Federal Workforce Appendix 24. State Experiences with Implementing the ACA Appendix 25. Lower Costs, Better Care: Reforming Our Health Care Delivery System Appendix 26. Observations on the Department of Homeland Security s (DHS s) Efforts to Identify, Prioritize, Assess, and Inspect Chemical Facilities Appendix 27. Options for Reducing the Deficit: Increase All Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages to $16 per Proof Gallon Appendix 28. Opening Statement: Hearing on Where Have All the Patients Gone? Examining the Psychiatric Bed Shortage Appendix 29. A Proposed Rule on Revision of Nutrition Labels Appendix 30. Summary of the FDA s Ophthalmic Devices Panel Meeting Index About the Author About the Contributor