Key Terms. Franco-Prussian War. The Second Reich Otto Von Bismarck Junker Blood & Iron Realpolitik. War with Denmark War with Austria
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1 German Unification
2 Key Terms The Second Reich Otto Von Bismarck Junker Blood & Iron Realpolitik War with Denmark War with Austria Franco-Prussian War Kaiser King Wilhelm I
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4 Germany in the1700s German people lived in several small countries Strongest countries in the Region: Prussia Austria
5 After Napoleon After Napoleon conquered the land, German people wanted a single country (Nationalism) Thought it would be stronger; safer Napoleon consolidated 400 states 39 states Napoleonic Code
6 Who could Unify the German people? Otto Von Bismarck (Prussia) Not a king; came from Junker class Junker German nobility King Wilhelm I made OVB Prime Minister Believed that philosophy and ideas were overrated Ideology: Believed in Blood and Iron Strong Military, not concerned with philosophy, enlightenment, or natural rights Realpolitik realistic politics Power is more important than ideas and values
7 OVB wanted a Second Reich Reich = Realm / Empire 1 st Reich Holy Roman Empire 2 nd Reich German Empire (created by OVB) 3 rd Reich -??????
8 Blood & Iron Speech Before the speech, a meeting was held in Frankfurt Goal was to vote to unify Germany. They failed OVB opposed this approach at unification: The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favourable moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the Congress of Vienna, our frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and but by iron and blood. Otto Von Bismarck, Blood & Iron Speech, 1862
9 Realpolitik Against Ideology Philosophy Ethics For Practicality Realism Power Realistic Politics Often referred to as a Machiavellian approach to politics Would do whatever is necessary to reach goals
10 Otto Von Bismarck: Unification Through War Bismarck annexed the Northern German states Annex take control over a state. Defeat of Denmark (1865) Prussia and Austria enter alliance Defeat Denmark, Prussia claims territory Defeat of Austria (1866) Bismarck turned on Austria Takes land Franco-Prussian War (1871) Defeats Napoleon III (NBIII would fall from power) Take Land from France
11 Napoleon III surrendering to OVB OVB affected French History as well
12 Germany United Victory over France delighted German people Southern German states agreed to join Bismarck made King Wilhelm I of Prussia the Kaiser of a united Germany Wilhelm I First Kaiser of Germany Kaiser German for Emperor (Caesar)
13 German Empire (Second Reich) is born How? Otto Von Bismarck Prussia Blood & Iron Realpolitik
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15 Italian Unification Key Terms: Mazzini The Soul Cavour The Brain Garibaldi The Sword Red Shirts Victor Emmanuel II
16 Italy in the 1700s Like Germany, Italian people were divided into many small countries Last time there was unity in Italy? Roman Empire! Also like Germany, after Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Italy, people wanted a single state From , Nationalists revolted several times.
17 The 3 Men of Italian Unification Mazzini The Soul Cavour The Brain Garibaldi The Sword
18 Giuseppe Mazzini The Soul Mazzini - Nationalist leader who inspired the young people of Italy to call for a single country. Nicknamed The Soul. Why was he given that nickname?
19 Camillo Cavour The Brain Cavour From Sardinia (Region). Provoked a war with Austria to create Nationalist feelings among the people. Waiving the bloody shirt Nicknamed The Brain Why was he given that nickname?
20 Giuseppe Garibaldi The Sword Garibaldi Led a group of nationalist soldiers called the Red Shirts, and invaded parts of Southern Italy Foreshadowing WWII Black Shirts (Fascism) In an act of patriotism, Garibaldi doesn t seize power. He made Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia, the king of a United Italy Nicknamed The Sword Why was he given that nickname?
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22 King Victor Emmanuel II 1861 Italy united for the first time since the 500s. King Victor Emmanuel crowned as King of Italy
23 Discussion Questions How did Napoleon Bonaparte cause the unification of Germany and Italy? Nationalism played a big role in creating both Germany and Italy. What did Nationalists want? How would this Nationalist fervor in Italy and Germany affect the 20 th century?
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