Authoritarianism in the Middle East. Introduction to Middle East Politics: Change, Continuity, Conflict, and Cooperation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Authoritarianism in the Middle East. Introduction to Middle East Politics: Change, Continuity, Conflict, and Cooperation"

Transcription

1 Authoritarianism in the Middle East Introduction to Middle East Politics: Change, Continuity, Conflict, and Cooperation

2 Overview Understanding Authoritarianism The Varieties of Authoritarianism Authoritarianism in the Middle East Measuring Authoritarianism The How and Why of Authoritarianism The Mechanics of Authoritarian Rule Republics and Monarchies, Formal and Informal Participation, Patron-Client Relationships, The Social Contract in the Middle East, Populist Politics and Single-Party Systems, The Rentier State, Coercion and the Security Apparatus, and Personality Cults Examples of Authoritarian Rule Republican Authoritarianism in Syria ( ), Absolute Monarchy in Saudi Arabia ( ), Military-Backed Totalitarianism in Iraq ( ), and Hybrid Regime in Turkey ( )

3 Understanding Authoritarianism Political systems with limited, not responsible, political pluralism, without elaborate and guiding ideology, but with distinctive mentalities, without extensive nor intensive political mobilisation, except at some points in their development, and in which a leader or occasionally a small group exercises power within formally ill-defined limits but actually quite predictable ones (Linz, 2000: 159) Varieties of authoritarian rule Liberalised Autocracy (Brumberg, 2002), Electoral Authoritarianism (Schedler, 2006), Illiberal Democracies (Zakaria, 1997), Hybrid Regimes (Diamond, 2002) The trademark mixture of guided pluralism, controlled elections, and selective repression in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Algeria, and Kuwait is not just a survival strategy adopted by authoritarian regimes, but rather a type of political system whose institutions, rules, and logic defy any linear model of democratisation (Brumberg, 2002: 56)

4 Authoritarianism in the Middle East The Authoritarian Exception in the Middle East? The Third Wave of global democratisation through the 1970s-1990s with the Middle East seemingly resistant to these trends Freedom House Rankings of MENA States Free Partly Free Not Free Problems with the Freedom House metrics Should we ask how authoritarianism functions rather than why authoritarianism persists?

5 Source: Freedom House

6 The Mechanics of Authoritarian Rule Republics and Monarchies The role of ideology and tradition in maintaining elite control Formal and Informal Participation Working both inside and outside of formal political institutions Patron-Client Relationships The use of state resources and access to power, money, and services as a means of control The Social Contract in the Middle East State-led planning, security, employment, etc Populist Politics and Single-Party Systems Popular mobilisation and the use of symbols and threats The Rentier State No taxation therefore no representation Coercion and the Security Apparatus No constitutional/institutional constraints on state behaviour Personality Cults Rituals, symbols, and the personalisation of authority

7 Country Head of State Parliament Constitution Parties Legal System Algeria President Yes (bicameral, both elected) 1976 Civil/Islamic Law Bahrain King Yes (bicameral, upper appointed) 2002 Yes ( Islamic/Civil Law Egypt President Yes (bicameral, both elected) 2011 Yes Civil/Islamic Law Iran Supreme Leader Yes (unicameral, elected) 1979 Yes ( Islamic Law Iraq President Yes (unicameral, elected) 2005 Yes Civil/Islamic Law Israel President Yes (unicameral, elected) No Yes Civil/Religious Law Jordan King Yes (bicameral, upper appointed) 1952 Yes ( Civil/Islamic Law Kuwait Emir Yes (unicameral, mixed) 1962 No Civil/Islamic law Lebanon President Yes (unicameral, elected/quotas) 1926 Yes Civil/Religious Law Libya N/A Transitional 2011 (draft) N/A N/A Morocco King Yes (bicameral, upper appointed) 1972 Civil/Islamic Law Oman Emir Yes (bicameral, upper appointed) No No Civil/Islamic Law Qatar Emir Yes (unicameral, mixed) 2005 No Civil/Islamic Law Saudi Arabia King Yes (unicameral, appointed) No No Islamic Law Sudan President Yes (bicameral, mixed) 2005 (draft) Islamic/Civil Law Syria President Yes (unicameral, mixed) 1973 Yes ( Civil/Islamic Law Tunisia President Yes (unicameral, elected) 1959 Yes Civil/Islamic Law Turkey President Yes (unicameral, elected) 1982 Civil Law UAE Emir Yes (unicameral, appointed) 1971 No Islamic/Civil Law Yemen President Yes (bicameral, upper appointed) 1991 Islamic/Civil Law

8 Examples of Authoritarian Rule Republican Authoritarianism in Syria ( ) 1982 Hama uprising, occupation of Lebanon, conflict with Israel, sectarian politics, civil law code, the colonial legacy Absolute Monarchy in Saudi Arabia ( ) The politics of oil, religious legitimation and monarchical authority, the use of regional and global influence, pro-western foreign policy Military-Backed Totalitarianism in Iraq ( ) Radical ideology, ruthless coercion, exploitation of sectarian and ethnic politics, patronage and clientelism Hybrid Regime in Turkey ( ) Limits on the parliamentary system, the role of the Kemalist constitution and the military, domestic insurgency and pro-western foreign policy

The Gallup Center for Muslim Studies Mid East Youth: Jobs, Life & Future Outlook

The Gallup Center for Muslim Studies Mid East Youth: Jobs, Life & Future Outlook The Gallup Center for Muslim Studies Mid East Youth: Jobs, Life & Future Outlook Copyright Standards This document contains proprietary research, copyrighted materials, and literary property of Gallup,

More information

Middle East & North Africa Facebook Demographics

Middle East & North Africa Facebook Demographics Middle East & North Africa Facebook Demographics May 2010 Published 24 May 2010 By Carrington Malin, Spot On Public Relations carringtonm@spotonpr.com @carringtonmalin @spotonpr Copyright Spot On Public

More information

CHAPTER II LABOUR FORCE

CHAPTER II LABOUR FORCE CHAPTER II LABOUR FORCE Chapter II: Labour force This chapter introduces working age populations, by gender, and their relation with labour force in ESCWA member countries during the period -. Data on

More information

In our overview of the International history of the Middle East, we mentioned the key political movements in the region. Some of these movements were

In our overview of the International history of the Middle East, we mentioned the key political movements in the region. Some of these movements were In our overview of the International history of the Middle East, we mentioned the key political movements in the region. Some of these movements were extra-national, some national. We now discuss the regional

More information

Pippanorris.com 1 DPI415: Comparative Politics in Global Perspective

Pippanorris.com 1 DPI415: Comparative Politics in Global Perspective Pippanorris.com 1 DPI415: Comparative Politics in Global Perspective What is comparative politics? Pippanorris.com 2 Structure 1. Recap: Structure, readings and assignments 2. Comparative approaches and

More information

MIDDLE EAST NORTH AFRICA

MIDDLE EAST NORTH AFRICA MIDDLE EAST NORTH AFRICA MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Stretching from Morocco s Atlantic shores to Iran and Yemen s beaches on the Arabian Sea, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remains central

More information

arabyouthsurvey.com #arabyouthsurvey April 21, 2015

arabyouthsurvey.com #arabyouthsurvey April 21, 2015 arabyouthsurvey.com April 21, 2015 ABOUT THE SURVEY 3,500 face-to-face interviews conducted by Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) Arab youth in the age group of 18-24 years Country nationals only Sample split 50:50

More information

Overview of Prevailing Conditions Surge of geopolitical developments across the Middle East Brisk Concurrent Unsolved and kinetic Dysfunction of tradi

Overview of Prevailing Conditions Surge of geopolitical developments across the Middle East Brisk Concurrent Unsolved and kinetic Dysfunction of tradi 2 nd IEEJ / APERC Join International Energy Symposium Global Governance, Energy, and the Middle East Koichiro Tanaka @Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University @JIME Center, Institute of

More information

REGIONAL PROGRAMME TO COMBAT CRIMINAL & TERRORIST THREATS AND STRENGTHEN CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON

REGIONAL PROGRAMME TO COMBAT CRIMINAL & TERRORIST THREATS AND STRENGTHEN CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON REGIONAL PROGRAMME TO COMBAT CRIMINAL & TERRORIST THREATS AND STRENGTHEN CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ARAB STATES 2016-2021 DEVELOPMENT

More information

CHAPTER II LABOUR FORCE

CHAPTER II LABOUR FORCE CHAPTER II LABOUR FORCE Chapter II: Labour force This chapter introduces working age populations, by gender, and their relation with labour force in ESCWA member countries during the period 2000-. Data

More information

Jamal AlFakhouri, Regional CO Coordinator MENA Region

Jamal AlFakhouri, Regional CO Coordinator MENA Region Jamal AlFakhouri, Regional CO Coordinator MENA Region May 28, 2015 Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Turkey Lebanon Israel Syria Iraq Egypt Jordan Kuwait Bahrain Qatar UAE Saudi Arabia Oman MENA Region Yemen

More information

Transport Corridors Connecting Africa, Asia and Europe through the Arab Region: Priority Corridors and Facilitation Mechanisms

Transport Corridors Connecting Africa, Asia and Europe through the Arab Region: Priority Corridors and Facilitation Mechanisms Transport Corridors Connecting Africa, Asia and Europe through the Arab Region: Priority Corridors and Facilitation Mechanisms Nabil Safwat, Ph.D. ESCWA Special Advisor on Transport and Logistics Issues

More information

GENDER EQUALITY IN THE

GENDER EQUALITY IN THE GENDER EQUALITY IN THE WORLD OF WORK: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN MENA REGION Simel Esim, Senior Technical Specialist, ILO Presentation for Promoting Job Quality and Productive Employment in the Middle East

More information

Building Knowledge Economy (KE) Model for Arab Countries

Building Knowledge Economy (KE) Model for Arab Countries "Building Knowledge Economy (KE) Model for Arab Countries" DR. Thamer M. Zaidan Alany Professor of Econometrics And Director of Economic Relation Department, League of Arab States League of Arab States

More information

International Student Exchange Among Muslim Nations; Soft Power and Voting Alliances at the United Nations

International Student Exchange Among Muslim Nations; Soft Power and Voting Alliances at the United Nations International Student Exchange Among Muslim Nations; Soft Power and Voting Alliances at the United Nations Nambee Ragavan Bemidji State University Coe Conference MURC Introduction The main goal of this

More information

International Law of Freedom of Association in the Arab World

International Law of Freedom of Association in the Arab World International Law of Freedom of Association in the Arab World Collected by Kareem Elbayar ICNL Middle East / North Africa Specialist 07 January 2007 This document contains excerpts from international legal

More information

Investigating the Geology and Geography of Oil

Investigating the Geology and Geography of Oil S t u d e n t H a n d o u t a Investigating the Geology and Geography of Oil Land Area of Oil Countries of Southwest Asia Examine the map at right. It shows the locations of 10 oil countries in Southwest

More information

Ease of doing business in the Gulf countries

Ease of doing business in the Gulf countries ANALYSIS Juni 2009 Ease of doing business in the Gulf countries Martin Hvidt It is with considerable excitement that governments the world over await the yearly Doing Business report from the World Bank.

More information

Revised Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness

Revised Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness Revised Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness In pursuit of its mandate to prevent statelessness, UNHCR is particularly attentive to laws in which women do not enjoy equal

More information

UNDERSTANDING & MEASURING CORRUPTION RISK IN DEFENCE. Mark Pyman TI-UK Defence & Security Programme TI Summer School, Vilnius, July 2014

UNDERSTANDING & MEASURING CORRUPTION RISK IN DEFENCE. Mark Pyman TI-UK Defence & Security Programme TI Summer School, Vilnius, July 2014 UNDERSTANDING & MEASURING CORRUPTION RISK IN DEFENCE Mark Pyman TI-UK Defence & Security Programme TI Summer School, Vilnius, July 2014 1 OBJECTIVES of this talk 1. What we are doing and why it matters

More information

Women s Economic Empowerment (WEE) in MENA region

Women s Economic Empowerment (WEE) in MENA region Women s Economic Empowerment (WEE) in MENA region Ms. Yllka Gerdovci Cancel Regional Programme Specialist Women s Economic Empowerment UN Women Regional Office for Arab States 1 Content Women in economy

More information

CHAPTER X FOREIGN TRADE

CHAPTER X FOREIGN TRADE CHAPTER X FOREIGN TRADE Chapter X: Foreign Trade This chapter provides data on foreign trade for ESCWA member countries in United States dollars. Data were primarily collected from national sources. Table

More information

Statistical Appendix

Statistical Appendix Statistical Appendix The IMF s Middle East and Central Asia Department (MCD) countries and territories comprise Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,

More information

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW Paula Tavares April 25, 2018

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW Paula Tavares April 25, 2018 WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2018 Paula Tavares April 25, 2018 THE LAW IS A STRAIGHT LINE FOR MEN, BUT FOR WOMEN IT S A MAZE MEASURING GENDER EQUALITY IN THE LAW FOR 10 YEARS 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 In

More information

2016 Arab Opinion Index: Executive Summary

2016 Arab Opinion Index: Executive Summary 2016 Arab Opinion Index: Executive Summary 1 The 2016 Arab Opinion Index: Executive Summary The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies (ACRPS) in Doha, Qatar, published its annual Arab Opinion Index

More information

Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking. April 2017

Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking. April 2017 Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking April 2017 Disclaimer This benchmarking report contains information collected by an independent consultant commissioned by the Telecommunications Regulatory

More information

Corruption in the MENA Region

Corruption in the MENA Region # 0 / 009 Photo by: Ben Hubbard/IRIN Corruption in the MENA Region The Arab countries comprising the Middle East and North Africa often referred to as the MENA region face a set of specific challenges

More information

Middle East that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Disturbances have ranged

Middle East that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Disturbances have ranged The Arab Spring Jason Marshall Introduction The Arab Spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the Middle East that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Disturbances

More information

Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking. December 2018

Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking. December 2018 Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking December 2018 1 CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT Report overview 3 PSTN basket results for GCC countries, including time series 4 Mobile basket results for GCC

More information

arabyouthsurvey.com #arabyouthsurvey

arabyouthsurvey.com #arabyouthsurvey arabyouthsurvey.com Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morroco Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Yemen April 7, 2014 arabyouthsurvey.com ABOUT THE 2014 SURVEY 3,500 face-to-face

More information

Welcome Week Timetable

Welcome Week Timetable January 2019 Welcome Week Timetable This Welcome Programme is designed to help you settle in to life in Huddersfield so you are ready to begin your studies on Monday 7 th January 2019. Monday 7 th January

More information

ISC Learning Contract Academic Standards Talk Introduction to Academic Personal Tutor Book Police Registration. Fire Safety Talk Lunch

ISC Learning Contract Academic Standards Talk Introduction to Academic Personal Tutor Book Police Registration. Fire Safety Talk Lunch Attend all of the induction activities and settle in to life at Queen s Campus so that you are ready to begin your studies on Monday 7 th January 2019. INDUCTION TIMETABLE MONDAY 7 TH JANUARY Collect Induction

More information

A Sustained Period of Low Oil Prices? Back to the 1980s? Oil Price Collapse in 1986 It was preceded by a period of high oil prices. Resulted in global

A Sustained Period of Low Oil Prices? Back to the 1980s? Oil Price Collapse in 1986 It was preceded by a period of high oil prices. Resulted in global Geopolitical Developments in the Middle East 10 Years in the Future Dr. Steven Wright Associate Professor Associate Dean Qatar University A Sustained Period of Low Oil Prices? Back to the 1980s? Oil Price

More information

The Impact of Decline in Oil Prices on the Middle Eastern Countries

The Impact of Decline in Oil Prices on the Middle Eastern Countries The Impact of Decline in Oil Prices on the Middle Eastern Countries Dr. Shah Mehrabi Professor of Economics Montgomery College Senior Economic Consultant and Member of the Supreme Council of the Central

More information

Name Period Date. Sudan's Civil War

Name Period Date. Sudan's Civil War Name Period Date Sudan's Civil War Title: Sudan's Civil War Source: Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication. 105.23 (Apr. 7, 2006): p2. Document Type: Article http://www.weeklyreader.com/pubstore/pc-11-3-current-eventsreg.aspx

More information

The Political Economy of Governance in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership

The Political Economy of Governance in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership The Political Economy of Governance in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Deliverable No. 10 Working Package 8 New Challenges: Regional Integration Working Package Summary: Working Package 8 New Challenges:

More information

The Arab Economies in a Changing World

The Arab Economies in a Changing World The Arab Economies in a Changing World Marcus Noland (Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics) Howard Pack (The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania) Recent accomplishments and long-term

More information

Independent Women: Muslim Women in Western Europe by Dameka Williams, D3 Systems, Inc. December, 2011

Independent Women: Muslim Women in Western Europe by Dameka Williams, D3 Systems, Inc. December, 2011 Independent Women: Muslim Women in Western Europe by Dameka Williams, D3 Systems, Inc. December, 2011 Introduction Muslim women in Western Europe 1 tend to exert significantly more control and independence

More information

Single Windows and Arab Regional Integration

Single Windows and Arab Regional Integration Single Windows and Arab Regional Integration Adel Alghaberi Régional Intégration Section Economic Development & Integration Division UN ESCWA SWC2016 Introduction The Arab region needs all kinds of at

More information

The outlook for the Gulf projects market

The outlook for the Gulf projects market The outlook for the Gulf projects market The Confederation of Danish Industry s Middle East Day, Copenhagen 7 December, 2011 Angus Hindley, MEED Research Director MEED Insight MEED Insight is a bespoke

More information

The Bayt.com Middle East Job Seeker Confidence Survey. September 2018

The Bayt.com Middle East Job Seeker Confidence Survey. September 2018 The Bayt.com Middle East Job Seeker Confidence Survey September 2018 Section 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Objectives To gauge perceptions and attitudes of jobseekers regarding the economy of their countries. To

More information

Bahrain Egypt Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates

Bahrain Egypt Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates in Mazrak 3, a camp for Yemenis displaced by the conflict between government forces and Huthi rebels. Bahrain Egypt Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United

More information

The Middle East Jobs Index Survey. January 2010

The Middle East Jobs Index Survey. January 2010 The Middle East Jobs Index Survey January 2010 Objective To gauge perceptions of job availability and hiring. To identify trends in the Middle East Job market. To provide an understanding of the required

More information

The EU, the Mediterranean and the Middle East - A longstanding partnership

The EU, the Mediterranean and the Middle East - A longstanding partnership MEMO/04/294 Brussels, June 2004 Update December 2004 The EU, the Mediterranean and the Middle East - A longstanding partnership The EU Strategic Partnership with the Mediterranean and the Middle East 1

More information

Qatar diplomatic crisis what you need to know

Qatar diplomatic crisis what you need to know Qatar diplomatic crisis what you need to know Doha is a huge investor in overseas markets, and has committed to spending 5bn in the UK in the run-up to Brexit. Photograph: Kamran Jebreili/AP Patrick Wintour

More information

Policy Frameworks to Accelerate Poverty Reduction Efforts

Policy Frameworks to Accelerate Poverty Reduction Efforts Policy Frameworks to Accelerate Poverty Reduction Efforts Khalid Abu Ismail Economic Development and Integration Division 1. Two competing narratives Pillars of conventional wisdom on Arab development

More information

BACKGROUND NOTE ON GENDER EQUALITY, NATIONALITY LAWS AND STATELESSNESS UNHCR 8 March 2018

BACKGROUND NOTE ON GENDER EQUALITY, NATIONALITY LAWS AND STATELESSNESS UNHCR 8 March 2018 Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness 2018 Nationality laws which do not grant women equality with men in conferring nationality to their children are a cause of statelessness

More information

AMID Working Paper Series 45/2005

AMID Working Paper Series 45/2005 AMID Working Paper Series 45/2005 The Demography of the Middle East and North Africa in a Global Context Poul Chr. Matthiessen Collstrops Fond Introduction The present paper aims to provide a description

More information

PUBLIC POLICIES FOR GREATER EQUALITY: LESSONS LEARNED IN THE ESCWA REGION

PUBLIC POLICIES FOR GREATER EQUALITY: LESSONS LEARNED IN THE ESCWA REGION SESSION 4: PUBLIC POLICIES FOR GREATER EQUALITY- INTER-REGIONAL EXPERIENCES PUBLIC POLICIES FOR GREATER EQUALITY: LESSONS LEARNED IN THE ESCWA REGION Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Oussama

More information

T H E R O Y A L E M B A S S Y O F S A U D I A R A B I A I N R O M E FOCUS ON R O M E, N O V E M B E R

T H E R O Y A L E M B A S S Y O F S A U D I A R A B I A I N R O M E FOCUS ON R O M E, N O V E M B E R T H E R O Y A L E M B A S S Y O F S A U D I A R A B I A I N R O M E FOCUS ON R O M E, N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 7 BRIEF HISTORY In December 2015, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia announced the formation of an Islamic

More information

Democratic Transition and Development in the Arab World. (Stanford University, April, 2012).

Democratic Transition and Development in the Arab World. (Stanford University, April, 2012). Democratic Transition and Development in the Arab World (Stanford University, 26-27 April, 2012). Towards an Integrated Social Policy for Arab Youth George Kossaifi (Director, Dar al Tanmiyah, Beirut,

More information

Bulletin. SABA ip. In this Issue: KSA. Bahrain. Qatar. Yemen. Ethiopia. Middle East. GCC Trademark Law Published

Bulletin. SABA ip. In this Issue: KSA. Bahrain. Qatar. Yemen. Ethiopia. Middle East. GCC Trademark Law Published July 2014 Issue 7 In this Issue: KSA GCC Trademark Law Published Bahrain New Requirements for Patent Applications Qatar Legalization Dropped, Certification Suffices Yemen Accession to the World Trade Organization

More information

Middle East Jobs Index. April 2010

Middle East Jobs Index. April 2010 Middle East Jobs Index April 2010 Objective To gauge perceptions of job availability and hiring. To identify trends in the Middle East Job market. To provide an understanding of the required key skill

More information

The Economic Roadmap to Peace in the Middle East

The Economic Roadmap to Peace in the Middle East The Economic Roadmap to Peace in the Middle East US$ Billions 4.8 Palestinian Authority GDP 4.2 3.7 3.1 2.6 2.0 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 The Palestinian Authority Labor Market PA West Bank Gaza Employer

More information

On the Surge of Inequality in the Mediterranean Region. Chahir Zaki Cairo University and Economic Research Forum

On the Surge of Inequality in the Mediterranean Region. Chahir Zaki Cairo University and Economic Research Forum On the Surge of Inequality in the Mediterranean Region Chahir Zaki chahir.zaki@feps.edu.eg Cairo University and Economic Research Forum A tale of three regions Resource poor countries Djibouti, Egypt,

More information

Return Migration and Social Mobility in MENA: Evidence from Labor Market Panel Surveys

Return Migration and Social Mobility in MENA: Evidence from Labor Market Panel Surveys Return Migration and Social Mobility in MENA: Evidence from Labor Market Panel Surveys Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen AlAzzawi 6 October 2017 1 Motivation Inequality of outcomes appears to be small in MENA

More information

Provisional agenda. Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda

Provisional agenda. Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda General Conference Sixty-first regular session GC(61)/1/Add.1 Date: 30 June 2017 General Distribution English Original: Arabic Provisional agenda Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda

More information

Discussion paper Christian-Peter Hanelt and Almut Möller

Discussion paper Christian-Peter Hanelt and Almut Möller Security Situation in the Gulf Region Involving Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia as Regional Powers. Policy Recommendations for the European Union and the International Community Discussion paper Christian-Peter

More information

The Bayt.com Middle and North Africa Salary Survey May 2015

The Bayt.com Middle and North Africa Salary Survey May 2015 The Bayt.com Middle and North Africa Salary Survey 2015 May 2015 Objective The research was conducted to gauge employee satisfaction of their current salaries and factors affecting thereof. The key objectives

More information

How the US Acquires Clients. Contexts of Acquisition

How the US Acquires Clients. Contexts of Acquisition How the US Acquires Clients Contexts of Acquisition Some Basics of Client Acquisition Client acquisition requires the consent of both the US and the new client though consent of the client can be coercive

More information

"ESCWA's Role in Promoting Integrated Transport System in the Arab Region

ESCWA's Role in Promoting Integrated Transport System in the Arab Region "ESCWA's Role in Promoting Integrated Transport System in the Arab Region Mona Fattah Economic Development and Globalization Division Presentation to the International Conference of the International Road

More information

1. Egypt was expelled from the Arab League, which it had helped found, in It was readmitted in 1989.

1. Egypt was expelled from the Arab League, which it had helped found, in It was readmitted in 1989. 1 Introduction One of President Barack Obama s key foreign policy challenges is to craft a constructive new US strategy toward the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Given the political fissures in the

More information

Statistical Appendix

Statistical Appendix Statistical Appendix The IMF s Middle East and Central Asia Department (MCD) countries and territories comprise Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,

More information

The Resource Curse. Simply put, OPEC members saw per capita income decline by 35% between 1965 and 1998,

The Resource Curse. Simply put, OPEC members saw per capita income decline by 35% between 1965 and 1998, * Gylfason, Lessons from the Dutch disease: Causes, treatment, and cures in Paradox of Plenty: The Management of Oil Wealth, Report 12/02, ECON, Centre for Economic Analysis, Oslo, 2002. The Resource Curse

More information

MED BRIEF FEMISE. January 2018 Med Brief No 3

MED BRIEF FEMISE. January 2018 Med Brief No 3 FEMISE MED BRIEF Forward Thinking for the EuroMediterranean region January 2018 Med Brief No 3 Keywords : greenfield investment, MENA, democratization, institutional quality, violence reduction. Juliette

More information

Winners and Losers in the Middle East Economy Paul Rivlin

Winners and Losers in the Middle East Economy Paul Rivlin Editors: Paul Rivlin and Yitzhak Gal Assistant Editors: Teresa Harings and Gal Buyanover Vol. 2, No. 4 May 2012 Winners and Losers in the Middle East Economy Paul Rivlin The Middle East economy has been

More information

TISAX Activation List

TISAX Activation List TISAX Activation List ENX doc ID: 621 Version: 1.0 Date: 2017-02-07 Audience: TISAX Stakeholders Classification: Public Status: Mandatory ENXtract: List of Countries with special requirements for certain

More information

Recent developments. Note: This section is prepared by Lei Sandy Ye. Research assistance is provided by Julia Roseman. 1

Recent developments. Note: This section is prepared by Lei Sandy Ye. Research assistance is provided by Julia Roseman. 1 Growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is projected to pick up to 3 percent in 2018 from 1.6 percent in 2017 as oil exporters ease fiscal adjustments amid firming oil prices. The region

More information

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW Nayda Almodovar-Reteguis April 11, 2018

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW Nayda Almodovar-Reteguis April 11, 2018 WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2018 Nayda Almodovar-Reteguis April 11, 2018 I. ABOUT WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW II. KEY FINDINGS OF WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2018 III. FINDINGS FROM LATIN AMERICA AND THE

More information

Statistical Appendix

Statistical Appendix Statistical Appendix The IMF s Middle East and Central Asia Department (MCD) countries and territories comprise Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,

More information

DUE DILIGENCE PRICES & PRODUCTS

DUE DILIGENCE PRICES & PRODUCTS 2018 DUE DILIGENCE PRICES & PRODUCTS REPEAT CUSTOMERS LOCAL KNOWLEDGE Our Investigators are all highly qualified individuals from within the MENA region and are based in the Middle East; Cedar Rose - recognized

More information

Provisional agenda. Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda

Provisional agenda. Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda Atoms for Peace General Conference Fifty-ninth regular session GC(59)/1/Add.1 Date: 8 July 2015 General Distribution English Original: Arabic Provisional agenda Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the

More information

IMBALANCE FACTORS IN THE ARAB WORLD: CONFLICTS AND NATURAL WEALTH DEVALUATION

IMBALANCE FACTORS IN THE ARAB WORLD: CONFLICTS AND NATURAL WEALTH DEVALUATION IMBALANCE FACTORS IN THE ARAB WORLD: CONFLICTS AND NATURAL WEALTH DEVALUATION RALUCA IOANA OPREA PH. D. STUDENT, LUCIAN BLAGA UNIVERSITY OF SIBIU, ROMANIA, e-mail: raluca.neagu@ulbsibiu.ro / ralucaioana.oprea@gmail.com

More information

Regional prospects: Western Asia Project LINK Meeting Yasuhisa Yamamoto October 20, 2016

Regional prospects: Western Asia Project LINK Meeting Yasuhisa Yamamoto October 20, 2016 Regional prospects: Western Asia Project LINK Meeting 2016 Yasuhisa Yamamoto October 20, 2016 Western Asia: Major influencing factors Continuing armed violence/conflicts in the region Low oil prices Fed

More information

TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE PERFORMANCE AND COMPETITIVENESS: TURKEY IS AT A CROSSROAD IN ITS TRADE PATTERN *

TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE PERFORMANCE AND COMPETITIVENESS: TURKEY IS AT A CROSSROAD IN ITS TRADE PATTERN * TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE PERFORMANCE AND COMPETITIVENESS: TURKEY IS AT A CROSSROAD IN ITS TRADE PATTERN * Feride Doganer Gonel Zeynep Kaplan Fikret Ozer ABSTRACT Prior to 1980, Turkey was following

More information

Regional Plague: The Social and Political Conditions in the Middle East and North Africa

Regional Plague: The Social and Political Conditions in the Middle East and North Africa Regional Plague: The Social and Political Conditions in the Middle East and North Africa John Robert Wallenfang Illinois State University Spring 2005 Rising prices at the gas pump, Americas involvement

More information

Human Development and Poverty Reduction Progress in Middle Income Arab Countries: Two Competing Narratives

Human Development and Poverty Reduction Progress in Middle Income Arab Countries: Two Competing Narratives Human Development and Poverty Reduction Progress in Middle Income Arab Countries: Two Competing Narratives Khalid Abu Ismail, Chief Economic Development and Poverty Section Economic Development and Integration

More information

Revolutions and Inequality in North Africa and the Middle East

Revolutions and Inequality in North Africa and the Middle East AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP CHIEF ECONOMIST COMPLEX Revolutions and Inequality in North Africa and the Middle East PROF. MTHULI NCUBE* CHIEF ECONOMIST & VICE PRESIDENT AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK BP 323,

More information

West Asia Regional Economic Outlook UN DESA Expert Group Meeting. October 2015 Jose A. Pedrosa-Garcia ESCWA

West Asia Regional Economic Outlook UN DESA Expert Group Meeting. October 2015 Jose A. Pedrosa-Garcia ESCWA West Asia Regional Economic Outlook 2015 UN DESA Expert Group Meeting United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia October 2015 Jose A. Pedrosa-Garcia ESCWA The views expressed in this

More information

THE INNOVATION LANDSCAPE IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES

THE INNOVATION LANDSCAPE IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES THE INNOVATION LANDSCAPE IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia Nibal Idlebi Chief of Innovation Section Capacity Building Workshop on Innovation Policies for SDGs in the

More information

The Quandary of Bad Governance in the Arab World. Imad K. Harb

The Quandary of Bad Governance in the Arab World. Imad K. Harb The Quandary of Bad Governance in the Arab World April 24, 2017 The Quandary of Bad Governance in the Arab World Observers and analysts consider good governance to be among the topmost priorities in the

More information

Israeli Nuclear Capabilities and Threat

Israeli Nuclear Capabilities and Threat General Conference Fiftieth regular session Item 21 of the provisional agenda (GC(50)/1) GC(50)/17 Date: 8 September 2006 General Distribution English Original: Arabic Israeli Nuclear Capabilities and

More information

OUR BEST DAYS ARE AHEAD OF US

OUR BEST DAYS ARE AHEAD OF US OUR BEST DAYS ARE AHEAD OF US April 9, 2013 www.arabyouthsurvey.com Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Yemen ASDA A Burson-Marsteller commissioned

More information

Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa:

Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa: Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa: Five Years after the Arab Uprisings October 2018 ARABBAROMETER Natalya Rahman, Princeton University @ARABBAROMETER Democracy in the Middle East and North

More information

The Bayt.com Fresh Graduates in the MENA Survey. July Revised

The Bayt.com Fresh Graduates in the MENA Survey. July Revised The Bayt.com Fresh Graduates in the MENA Survey July 2017 - Revised Section 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Objectives The Fresh Graduates survey targets respondents who completed their most recent educational qualification

More information

UK attitudes toward the Arab world an Arab News/YouGov poll

UK attitudes toward the Arab world an Arab News/YouGov poll UK attitudes toward the Arab world an Arab News/YouGov poll As part of an ongoing deal between Arab News and YouGov, where YouGov provides research support to Arab News through opinion polling, Arab News

More information

The Global State of Corruption Control. Who Succeeds, Who Fails and What Can Be Done About It

The Global State of Corruption Control. Who Succeeds, Who Fails and What Can Be Done About It European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building at the Hertie School of Governance The Global State of Corruption Control. Who Succeeds, Who Fails and What Can Be Done About It www.againstcorruption.eu

More information

The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa. Salary Survey April 2017

The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa. Salary Survey April 2017 The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa Salary Survey 2017 April 2017 Objectives The research was conducted to gauge employee satisfaction with their current salaries and factors affecting thereof. The

More information

The Bayt.com Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey. Nov 2017

The Bayt.com Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey. Nov 2017 The Bayt.com Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey Nov 2017 Section 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Objectives This research was conducted to gain insights into the current level of understanding and interest in entrepreneurship

More information

INTEGRITY IN THE BUSINESS SECTOR. Assessing Corruption Risks for Business

INTEGRITY IN THE BUSINESS SECTOR. Assessing Corruption Risks for Business IMF - Middle East Center for Economics and Finance and MENA-OECD Investment Programme INTEGRITY IN THE BUSINESS SECTOR Assessing Corruption Risks for Business Kuwait, 22 25 April 2013 Drago KOS If we want

More information

TESTIMONY TO THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

TESTIMONY TO THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS TESTIMONY TO THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Lorne W. Craner President International Republican Institute Washington, D.C. Wednesday, May 4, 2005 Thank you

More information

HSX: MIDDLE EAST INSTABILITY FUELS EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM

HSX: MIDDLE EAST INSTABILITY FUELS EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM HSX: MIDDLE EAST INSTABILITY FUELS EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM February 2017 CONTEXT: HOW WE GOT HERE! Middle East instability has been driven by several intertwined political, social, economic factors, including:

More information

ERF ST Data Base Version 1.0

ERF ST Data Base Version 1.0 ERF ST Data Base Version 1.0 April 2017 Prepared by: ERF Data Team OPEN ACCESS MICRO DATA INITIATIVE (OAMDI) for the Arab Countries, Iran and Turkey ERF ST Data Base Secral-Level Data Sources: (1) National

More information

Provisional agenda. Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda

Provisional agenda. Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional Agenda Atoms for Peace General Conference GC(57)/1/Add.1 Date: 26 June 2013 General Distribution Original: Arabic Fifty-seventh regular session Provisional agenda Supplementary Item for Inclusion in the Provisional

More information

The longest-established regional intellectual property firm in the Middle East. Iraq: Request for Comments on the Draft

The longest-established regional intellectual property firm in the Middle East. Iraq: Request for Comments on the Draft Professionalism & Commitment to Service Bulletin The longest-established regional intellectual property firm in the Middle East September 2012 issue Iraq: Request for Comments on the Draft The Iraqi authorities

More information

The Arab Division for Experts on Geographical Names

The Arab Division for Experts on Geographical Names The Arab Division for Experts on Geographical Names Future Meetings: 1. The 2 nd Conference on Survey and Geographical Names will be held at the mid of 2015. 2. Workshop entitled: "The Judiazation process

More information

ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY (BASED ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE WORLD BANK)*

ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY (BASED ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE WORLD BANK)* ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY (BASED ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE WORLD BANK)* The World Bank uses the Knowledge Assessment Methodology with the object of measuring and analysing

More information

Oil is a Political Commodity

Oil is a Political Commodity Quarterly NEWS First Quarter 2011 Oil is a Political Commodity by Brian J. Friedman, CFA The Arab revolutions over the past two months remind us that oil is still a political commodity. Since late January

More information

Migrant Transfers in the MENA Region: A Two Way Street in Which Traffic is Changing

Migrant Transfers in the MENA Region: A Two Way Street in Which Traffic is Changing Migrant Transfers in the MENA Region: A Two Way Street in Which Traffic is Changing GEORGE NAUFAL * and CARLOS VARGAS-SILVA ** Abstract: While remittances from GCC countries to Asia slowed down during

More information

The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa Salary Survey May 2013

The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa Salary Survey May 2013 The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa Salary Survey 2013 May 2013 Objective The research was conducted to gauge employee satisfaction of their current salaries and factors affecting thereof. The key

More information