Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil
|
|
- Aldous Russell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil Thomas Fujiwara Princeton University Place Date
2 Motivation Why are public services in developing countries so inadequate? Common answer: (disadvantaged) citizens have little influence over politicians. Interventions are proposed to remedy this: Quotas - Pande (2003), Chathopadhyay and Duflo (2004). Participatory budgets - Besley et al. (2005). Plebiscites - Olken (2010).
3 Motivation Drastic changes in the rules of the game may not be practical in some situations. Less is known about greasing the wheels of democracy. Does removing mundane obstacles to political participation lead to better public services?
4 Electronic voting in Brazilian elections Paper ballots required reading and writing several error-ridden spoiled (residual) votes, mainly by the less educated. Electronic voting: reduced voter error, increasing the number of valid votes, generated the de facto enfranchisement of the less educated, affected policymaking in local (state) governments.
5 Summary of results and structure of talk
6 Literature: democracy, enfranchisement, and redistribution Empirical literature is both voluminous and full of contradictory results (Acemoglu et al., 2013). Country-level: Some find effects of enfranchisement on redistribution (Aidt and Jensen, 2013)......some argue democracy does not matter (Mulligan et al, 2004). Democracy and health: Besley and Kudamatsu (2006) and Kudamatsu (2012). Within-USA: Minorities: Cascio and Washington (2014), Husted and Kenny (1997), Naidu (2012). Women: Kenny and Lott (1999), Miller (2008).
7 Background on Brazilian Elections State (and federal) elections every 4 years. Same rules and dates for all states: Open-list PR for legislatures: vote for a candidate (not a list). States are the districts (at-large elections). voting becomes complex. In 1998, a voter in São Paulo had to choose one out of: 1265 candidates for state legislature, 661 candidates for federal congress (lower chamber), 10 candidates for governor, 13 candidates for federal senate, 12 candidates for president.
8 Until 1994, only paper ballots were used
9 The introduction of electronic voting Mid-1990s: independent electoral authority introduces electronic voting. Main motivation: reducing the time and costs of vote counting. Facilitating voting was a surprising side effect.
10 The electronic voting device
11 Voting interface: state legislature election
12 A vote for candidate Monteiro Lobato n x
13 A residual (spoiled) vote - no candidate has n
14
15 The phase-in of electronic voting Until the 1994 election: only paper ballots were used election: municipalities with more than 40,500 registered voters used electronic technology (rest used paper). Why? Limited supply of devices (production capacity of manufacturer) election: only electronic voting was used.
16 The 1998 regression discontinuity design Municipalities just above and just below the cutoff are, on average, similar. No manipulation: Forcing variable: number of voters in Discontinuity announced in Focus on state legislature elections. Outcome of interest: valid votes. Data sources: Federal Electoral Authority for electoral results, 1991 Census for demographics.
17 (Zero) Effects on turnout & registration Number of Registered Voters Registered Voters/Total Population Turnout/Registered Voters
18 Effects on valid votes Number of Registered Voters Valid Votes/Turnout Election (Paper Only) Valid Votes/Turnout Election (Discontinuity) Valid Votes/Turnout Election (Electronic Only)
19 Estimation framework v m number of voters in municipality m. y m outcome of interest. Treatment effect of change from paper to electronic voting: TE = lim E[y m v m ] lim E[y m v m ] v m 40,500 v m 40,500 Non-parametric estimation: local linear regression. With a narrow bandwidth, TE = β: y m = α + β1{v m > 40, 500} + γv m + δv m1{v m > 40, 500} + ɛ m Imbens-Kalyanaraman (2012) optimal bandwidth.
20 Results not shown here TE is zero for: Valid votes in 1994 and Covariates: income, inequality, education, latitude, longitude. Tests of strategic manipulation (continuity in the distribution of municipalities)..
21 Effects on policy outcomes Discontinuous assignment at the municipal level. But elections are for officials at state governments. policies decided by state governments switch to state level data.
22 What policies would be affected by enfranchising the less educated? Brazil has a 2-tier health care system. Free universal public health care. Parallel private system. The uneducated have stronger preferences for health care spending (compared to the more educated) political economy models predict that enfranchising the less educated raises health care spending.
23 The less educated rely more on public health care Q: How do you Cover Your Health Expenses? Answer by Highest Grade Completed Answer: With Private Insurance <4th Grade 4th Grade 8th Grade High School College + Source: 1998 Latinobarometro
24 Why health care (and not other policies)? Other plausible policies are not decided by state governments. Education is supplied by municipalities. Income taxation and redistribution programs are federal. Health care provision is politically salient: Survey: improving health care services is the most common government priority. 51% for low income (0-2 min. wages). 40% for high income (10+ min. wages). Has quick implementation and effects: Suppressed demand: 57% of women claim wait times and difficulties of being served is the main problem with public health care. Ferraz and Finan (2011), Rocha and Soares (2010), Brollo and Troiano (2014), Correa and Madeira (2014).
25
26 How do state legislators increase health care spending? Main activity of legislators: amending budgets to deliver public services to their constituents (Ames, 2001). 34% of São Paulo state legislators cite health as area of expertise. e.g., the Family Health Program, cited in 107 budget amendments cite the program in one year (from 94 legislators). Cannot disentangle economic mechanism : change in legislator identity vs. repositioning of legislators ( citizen-candidate ) vs. ( median-voter ) Change in identity of voters and legislators. Legislator-level behavior is not observed.
27 The phase-in of electronic voting 1994: only paper ballots ( paper-only election ). 1998: municipalities above the cutoff used electronic technology ( discontinuity election ). 2002: only electronic voting ( electronic-only election ).
28 Identification strategy Explore variation across states in: S i share of voters in municipalities above cutoff (in 1998) Different S i imply different patterns of electronic voting adoption through time.
29 Geographic distribution of S i (share above cutoff) ( ,1] ( , ] ( , ] ( , ] ( , ] ( , ] ( , ] ( , ] [ , ]
30 Intuition: 2 states, with S i = H and S i = L, and H>L
31 Identification strategy: intuition
32 Identification strategy: intuition
33 Identification strategy: intuition
34 Placebo tests
35 Graphical Representation Panel A: Paper (1994) to Discont. (1998) Panel B: Discont. (1998) to Electr. (2002) Panel C: Pooled Change in Valid Votes/Turnout, (Residuals) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Change in Valid Votes/Turnout, (Residuals) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Change in Valid Votes/Turnout (Residuals) Change in Use of Electronic Voting (Residuals) Change in Spending Share in Health, (Residuals) Panel A: Paper (1994) to Discont. (1998) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Change in Spending Share in Health, (Residuals) Panel B: Discont. (1998) to Electr. (2002) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Change in Spending Share in Health, (Residuals) Panel C: Pooled Change in Use of Electronic Voting (Residuals)
36 Effects by Category of Spending Parameter: θ 98 θ 02 (θ 98 θ 02 )/2 Sample (terms): (Paper-Disc.) (Disc.-Electr.) Sample Avg. (1) (2) (3) log(total Spending) (0.093) (0.156) (0.097) {0.946} {0.274} {0.254} Share of Spending in Health Care (0.017) (0.013) (0.008) {0.104} {0.044} {0.000} Administration and Planning (0.044) (0.083) (0.043) {0.126} {0.192} {0.084} Social Assistance (0.017) (0.024) (0.015) {0.316} {0.074} {0.274} Education (0.014) (0.015) (0.011) {0.708} {0.324} {0.626}
37 Effects by Category of Spending - continued Parameter: θ 98 θ 02 (θ 98 θ 02 )/2 Sample (terms): (Paper-Disc.) (Disc.-Electr.) Sample Avg. (1) (2) (3) Judiciary (0.020) (0.011) (0.012) {0.726} {0.048} {0.326} Legislative (0.008) (0.011) (0.006) {0.878} {0.318} {0.266} Public Safety (0.015) (0.024) (0.010) {0.922} {0.564} {0.348} Transportation (0.017) (0.036) (0.017) {0.606} {0.910} {0.658} Other Categories (0.031) (0.036) (0.031) {0.316} {0.536} {0.426}
38 Assessing the empirical strategy Five sets of additional evidence: 1 Placebo tests: no effects on variables that should not be affected. 2 Pre- and post- trends. 3 Sharp timing: year-by-year event study. 4 Controlling for interactions of time dummies and baseline variables. GDP, Gini, Illiteracy, Poverty, Population, Area, #Municipalities. 5 Instrument using distribution closer to the cutoff.
39 Placebo effects Parameter: θ 98 θ 02 (θ 98 θ 02 )/2 Sample (terms): (Paper-Disc.) (Disc.-Electr.) Sample Avg. (1) (2) (3) Share of Spending in Health Care - (0.021) (0.014) (0.015) Municipalities {0.714} {0.296} {0.932} log(population) (0.032) (0.026) (0.015) {0.158} {0.088} {0.886} N (state-terms) Standard errors clustered at the state level in parenthesis. p-values based on Cameron et al. (2008) cluster-robust wild-bootstrap in curly brackets. State, time, and region-time effects in included.
40 Placebo effects: periods w/o change in voting technology Pre- and Post Trend Analysis Parameter: θ 94 θ 06 Sample (terms): (Paper-Paper) (Electr.-Electr.) (1) (2) Share of Spending in Health Care (0.021) (0.014) {0.714} {0.296} N (state-terms) Standard errors clustered at the state level in parenthesis. p-values based on Cameron et al. (2008) cluster-robust wild-bootstrap in curly brackets. State, time, and region-time effects in included.
41
42 Effects on health services utilization and outcomes Data source: vital statistics covering the universe of Brazilian birth records. Measure of utilization: share of mothers with 7+ pre-natal visits. Measure of infant health: share of low-weight births (<2.5kg). Predicts adult health and economic outcomes. Can be affected by pre-natal visits (mainly through changes in maternal behavior). Separately observe educated and uneducated mothers (with and without primary schooling).
43 Effects on infant health: uneducated mothers Effects on Health Outcomes: Mothers without Primary Schooling Parameter: θ 98 θ 02 (θ 98 θ 02 )/2 Sample (terms): (Paper-Disc.) (Disc.-Electr.) Sample Avg. (1) (2) (3) Share with Visits (0.065) (0.033) (0.040) {0.154} {0.558} {0.182} Share with LW Births (x100) (0.304) (0.269) (0.246) {0.266} {0.104} {0.044} N (state-terms) Standard errors clustered at the state level in parenthesis. p-values based on Cameron et al. (2008) cluster-robust wild-bootstrap in curly brackets. State, time, and region-time effects in included.
44 Placebo test: educated mothers Effects on Health Outcomes: Mothers with Primary Schooling Parameter: θ 98 θ 02 (θ 98 θ 02 )/2 Sample (terms): (Paper-Disc.) (Disc.-Electr.) Sample Avg. (1) (2) (3) Share with Visits (0.036) (0.022) (0.019) {0.152} {0.742} {0.134} Share with LW Births (x100) (0.474) (0.550) (0.502) {0.398} {0.900} {0.626} N (state-terms) Standard errors clustered at the state level in parenthesis. p-values based on Cameron et al. (2008) cluster-robust wild-bootstrap in curly brackets. State, time, and region-time effects in included.
45 Conclusion
46 Graphical representation Panel A: Paper (1994) to Discont. (1998) Panel B: Discont. (1998) to Electr. (2002) Panel C: Pooled Share with 7+ Prenatal Visits, (Residuals) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Share with 7+ Prenatal Visits, (Residuals) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Share with 7+ Prenatal Visits (Residuals) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Share of Low-Weight Births, (Residuals) Panel A: Paper (1994) to Discont. (1998) Share of Low-Weight Births, (Residuals) Panel B: Discont. (1998) to Electr. (2002) Share of Low-Weight Births (Residuals) Panel C: Pooled % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) % of Voters Above Cutoff (Residuals) Change in Use of Electronic Voting (Residuals)
47 Example of Print Advertising.
SUPPLEMENT TO VOTING TECHNOLOGY, POLITICAL RESPONSIVENESS, AND INFANT HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM BRAZIL (Econometrica, Vol. 83, No. 2, March 2015, )
Econometrica Supplementary Material SUPPLEMENT TO VOTING TECHNOLOGY, POLITICAL RESPONSIVENESS, AND INFANT HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM BRAZIL (Econometrica, Vol. 83, No. 2, March 2015, 423 464) BY THOMAS FUJIWARA
More informationThe Size of Local Legislatures and Women s Political Representation: Evidence from Brazil
Department of Economics- FEA/USP The Size of Local Legislatures and Women s Political Representation: Evidence from Brazil GABRIEL CORREA RICARDO A. MADEIRA WORKING PAPER SERIES Nº 2014-04 DEPARTMENT OF
More informationVoting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil
Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil Thomas Fujiwara University of British Columbia Job Market Paper November 2010 Abstract This paper studies the effects
More informationNegative advertising and electoral rules: an empirical evaluation of the Brazilian case
Department of Economics - FEA/USP Negative advertising and electoral rules: an empirical evaluation of the Brazilian case DANILO P. SOUZA MARCOS Y. NAKAGUMA WORKING PAPER SERIES Nº 2018-10 DEPARTMENT OF
More informationPathbreakers? Women's Electoral Success and Future Political Participation
Pathbreakers? Women's Electoral Success and Future Political Participation Sonia Bhalotra, University of Essex Irma Clots-Figueras, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Lakshmi Iyer, University of Notre Dame
More informationWomen and Power: Unpopular, Unwilling, or Held Back? Comment
Women and Power: Unpopular, Unwilling, or Held Back? Comment Manuel Bagues, Pamela Campa May 22, 2017 Abstract Casas-Arce and Saiz (2015) study how gender quotas in candidate lists affect voting behavior
More informationElectoral Rules and Public Goods Outcomes in Brazilian Municipalities
Electoral Rules and Public Goods Outcomes in Brazilian Municipalities This paper investigates the ways in which plurality and majority systems impact the provision of public goods using a regression discontinuity
More informationRunoff Elections and the Number of Presidential Candidates A Regression Discontinuity Design Using Brazilian Municipalities
Runoff Elections and the Number of Presidential Candidates A Regression Discontinuity Design Using Brazilian Municipalities Timothy J. Power University of Oxford Rodrigo Rodrigues-Silveira University of
More informationDeterminants and Effects of Negative Advertising in Politics
Department of Economics- FEA/USP Determinants and Effects of Negative Advertising in Politics DANILO P. SOUZA MARCOS Y. NAKAGUMA WORKING PAPER SERIES Nº 2017-25 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, FEA-USP WORKING
More information14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Lectures 4 and 5: Voting and Political Decisions in Practice
14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Lectures 4 and 5: Voting and Political Decisions in Practice Daron Acemoglu MIT September 18 and 20, 2017. Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Political Economy Lectures 4 and
More informationWhen Do Voters Punish Corrupt Politicians? Experimental Evidence from Brazil
Experimental Evidence from Brazil Miguel F. P. de Figueiredo UC Berkeley F. Daniel Hidalgo MIT Yuri Kasahara University of Oslo CEGA Research Retreat UC Berkeley November 4, 2012 Project Overview Research
More information14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Lectures 4 and 5: Voting and Political Decisions in Practice
14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Lectures 4 and 5: Voting and Political Decisions in Practice Daron Acemoglu MIT September 18 and 20, 2017. Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Political Economy Lectures 4 and
More informationWomen s Education and Women s Political Participation
2014/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/23 Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013/4 Teaching and learning: Achieving quality for all Women s Education and Women s Political Participation
More informationCandidates Quality and Electoral Participation: Evidence from Italian Municipal Elections
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 8102 Candidates Quality and Electoral Participation: Evidence from Italian Municipal Elections Marco Alberto De Benedetto Maria De Paola April 2014 Forschungsinstitut
More informationPARTY AFFILIATION AND PUBLIC SPENDING: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. GOVERNORS
PARTY AFFILIATION AND PUBLIC SPENDING: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. GOVERNORS LOUIS-PHILIPPE BELAND and SARA OLOOMI This paper investigates whether the party affiliation of governors (Democrat or Republican) has
More informationPolitical Opposition, Politician Performance, and Public Service Delivery: Evidence From Brazil
Political Opposition, Politician Performance, and Public Service Delivery: Evidence From Brazil Alexander Poulsen February 2018 Abstract An important feature of democracies around the world is separate
More informationPolitical Parties and the Tax Level in the American states: Two Regression Discontinuity Designs
Political Parties and the Tax Level in the American states: Two Regression Discontinuity Designs Leandro M. de Magalhães Lucas Ferrero Discussion Paper No. 10/614 201 Department of Economics University
More informationSupplemental Online Appendix to The Incumbency Curse: Weak Parties, Term Limits, and Unfulfilled Accountability
Supplemental Online Appendix to The Incumbency Curse: Weak Parties, Term Limits, and Unfulfilled Accountability Marko Klašnja Rocío Titiunik Post-Doctoral Fellow Princeton University Assistant Professor
More informationPolitical Parties and Economic
Political Parties and Economic Outcomes. A Review Louis-Philippe Beland 1 Abstract This paper presents a review of the impact of the political parties of US governors on key economic outcomes. It presents
More informationBallot design and intraparty fragmentation. Electronic Voting in Brazil
Rice University Department of Political Science Carolina Tchintian PhD Cand. Ballot design and intraparty fragmentation. Electronic Voting in Brazil EITM University of Houston June 16-27, 2014 Introduction
More informationFar Right Parties and the Educational Performance of Children *
Far Right Parties and the Educational Performance of Children * Emanuele Bracco 1, Maria De Paola 2,3, Colin Green 1 and Vincenzo Scoppa 2,3 1 Management School, Lancaster University 2 Department of Economics,
More informationWomen as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India
Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India Chattopadhayay and Duflo (Econometrica 2004) Presented by Nicolas Guida Johnson and Ngoc Nguyen Nov 8, 2018 Introduction Research
More informationB R E A D Working Paper
Can Mandated Political Representation Increase Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India Rohini Pande BREAD Working Paper No. 024 April 2003 Copyright 2003 Rohini Pande
More informationSupplementary Materials for Strategic Abstention in Proportional Representation Systems (Evidence from Multiple Countries)
Supplementary Materials for Strategic Abstention in Proportional Representation Systems (Evidence from Multiple Countries) Guillem Riambau July 15, 2018 1 1 Construction of variables and descriptive statistics.
More informationPath-Breakers: How Does Women s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success? *
Path-Breakers: How Does Women s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success? * Sonia Bhalotra University of Bristol Irma Clots-Figueras Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Lakshmi Iyer Harvard Business
More informationBeing a Good Samaritan or just a politician? Empirical evidence of disaster assistance. Jeroen Klomp
Being a Good Samaritan or just a politician? Empirical evidence of disaster assistance Jeroen Klomp Netherlands Defence Academy & Wageningen University and Research The Netherlands Introduction Since 1970
More informationVoter-Buying, Electoral Reform and Health Outcomes in Brazil
Voter-Buying, Electoral Reform and Health Outcomes in Brazil Ridwan Karim PhD Candidate, University of Toronto ridwan.karim@mail.utoronto.ca November 09, 2017 Abstract Electoral fraud is often a problem
More informationPath-Breakers: How Does Women s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success? *
Path-Breakers: How Does Women s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success? * Sonia Bhalotra University of Bristol Irma Clots-Figueras Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Lakshmi Iyer Harvard Business
More informationVoting for Parties or for Candidates: Do Electoral Institutions Make a Difference?
Voting for Parties or for Candidates: Do Electoral Institutions Make a Difference? Elena Llaudet Department of Government Harvard University April 11, 2015 Abstract Little is known about how electoral
More informationPolicies, Politics Rethinking Development Policy
Policies, Politics Rethinking Development Policy Esther Duflo Based on chapter 10 of Poor economics, with Abhijit Banerjee IFS lecture, September 2011 The primacy of politics? Can policies be improved
More informationVoting for Quality? The Impact of School Quality Information on Electoral Outcomes
Voting for Quality? The Impact of School Quality Information on Electoral Outcomes Marina Dias PUC-Rio Claudio Ferraz PUC-Rio June 2017 Abstract Many developing countries fail to deliver high quality public
More informationPresentation of Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China by Martinez-Bravo, Miguel, Qian and Yao
Presentation of Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China by Martinez-Bravo, Miguel, Qian and Yao M. Martinez-Bravo, P. Miguel, N. Qian and Y. Yao Ec721, Boston University Dec 3, 2018 DM (BU) China: Martinez
More informationColumbia University. Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series
Columbia University Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series Can Mandated Political Representation Increase Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India Rohini Pande
More informationMedia and Political Persuasion: Evidence from Russia
Media and Political Persuasion: Evidence from Russia Ruben Enikolopov, Maria Petrova, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya Web Appendix Table A1. Summary statistics. Intention to vote and reported vote, December 1999
More informationMethodology. 1 State benchmarks are from the American Community Survey Three Year averages
The Choice is Yours Comparing Alternative Likely Voter Models within Probability and Non-Probability Samples By Robert Benford, Randall K Thomas, Jennifer Agiesta, Emily Swanson Likely voter models often
More informationPersonnel Politics: Elections, Clientelistic Competition, and Teacher Hiring in Indonesia
Personnel Politics: Elections, Clientelistic Competition, and Teacher Hiring in Indonesia Jan H. Pierskalla and Audrey Sacks Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University GPSURR, World Bank
More informationSupporting Information for Representation and Redistribution in Comparative Perspective. Tiberiu Dragu and Jonathan Rodden
Supporting Information for Representation and Redistribution in Comparative Perspective Tiberiu Dragu and Jonathan Rodden December 17, 2010 1 Data Below we list information regarding the source of our
More informationPublicizing malfeasance:
Publicizing malfeasance: When media facilitates electoral accountability in Mexico Horacio Larreguy, John Marshall and James Snyder Harvard University May 1, 2015 Introduction Elections are key for political
More informationReligion, Politician Identity and Development Outcomes: Evidence from India
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 7473 Religion, Politician Identity and Development Outcomes: Evidence from India Sonia Bhalotra Irma Clots-Figueras Guilhem Cassan Lakshmi Iyer June 2013 Forschungsinstitut
More informationAppendix: Political Capital: Corporate Connections and Stock Investments in the U.S. Congress,
Appendix: Political Capital: Corporate Connections and Stock Investments in the U.S. Congress, 2004-2008 In this appendix we present additional results that are referenced in the main paper. Portfolio
More informationReligion, Politician Identity and Development Outcomes: Evidence from India *
Religion, Politician Identity and Development Outcomes: Evidence from India * Sonia Bhalotra University of Essex Irma Clots-Figueras Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Guilhem Cassan University of Namur
More informationHuman Capital and Income Inequality: New Facts and Some Explanations
Human Capital and Income Inequality: New Facts and Some Explanations Amparo Castelló and Rafael Doménech 2016 Annual Meeting of the European Economic Association Geneva, August 24, 2016 1/1 Introduction
More information1. The Relationship Between Party Control, Latino CVAP and the Passage of Bills Benefitting Immigrants
The Ideological and Electoral Determinants of Laws Targeting Undocumented Migrants in the U.S. States Online Appendix In this additional methodological appendix I present some alternative model specifications
More informationSupplementary Tables for Online Publication: Impact of Judicial Elections in the Sentencing of Black Crime
Supplementary Tables for Online Publication: Impact of Judicial Elections in the Sentencing of Black Crime Kyung H. Park Wellesley College March 23, 2016 A Kansas Background A.1 Partisan versus Retention
More informationParachuters vs. Climbers
Parachuters vs. Climbers Economic Consequences of Barriers to Political Entry in a Democracy Aaditya Dar June 25, 2018 Department of Economics, George Washington University 1/39 Outline Motivation Context
More informationParty Affiliation and Public Spending
Party Affiliation and Public Spending June 2015 Louis Philippe Beland and Sara Oloomi* This paper investigates whether the party affiliation of governors (Democrat or Republican) has an impact on the allocation
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RELIGION, POLITICIAN IDENTITY AND DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RELIGION, POLITICIAN IDENTITY AND DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA Sonia R. Bhalotra Guilhem Cassan Irma Clots-Figueras Lakshmi Iyer Working Paper 19173 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19173
More informationLott & Kenny: Did Women's Suffrage Change the Size and Scope of Government?
Lott & Kenny: Did Women's Suffrage Change the Size and Scope of Government? Voting Background To simplify analysis, use dollar equivalents and assume citizens are risk neutral Political Income - specified
More informationTexto para Discussão. Série Economia. Does education play a role in strategic voting behavior? Evidence form Brazil. Jéssica Miranda Luís Meloni
Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Texto para Discussão Série Economia TD-E 02 / 2016 Does education play a role in strategic voting behavior?
More informationELECTORAL THRESHOLDS AND POLITICAL OUTCOMES: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A REFORM IN GERMANY
Number 177 December 2013 ELECTORAL THRESHOLDS AND POLITICAL OUTCOMES: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM A REFORM IN GERMANY Thushyanthan Baskaran, Mariana Lopes da Fonseca ISSN: 1439-2305 Electoral thresholds
More informationSubhasish Dey, University of York Kunal Sen,University of Manchester & UNU-WIDER NDCDE, 2018, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki 12 th June 2018
Do Political Parties Practise Partisan Alignment in Social Welfare Spending? Evidence from Village Council Elections in India Subhasish Dey, University of York Kunal Sen,University of Manchester & UNU-WIDER
More information14.11: Experiments in Political Science
14.11: Experiments in Political Science Prof. Esther Duflo May 9, 2006 Voting is a paradoxical behavior: the chance of being the pivotal voter in an election is close to zero, and yet people do vote...
More informationCan Mandated Political Representation Increase. Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India
Can Mandated Political Representation Increase Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India Rohini Pande Abstract A basic premise of representative democracy is that all
More informationNotes on Strategic and Sincere Voting
Notes on Strategic and Sincere Voting Francesco Trebbi March 8, 2019 Idea Kawai and Watanabe (AER 2013): Inferring Strategic Voting. They structurally estimate a model of strategic voting and quantify
More informationResearch Report. How Does Trade Liberalization Affect Racial and Gender Identity in Employment? Evidence from PostApartheid South Africa
International Affairs Program Research Report How Does Trade Liberalization Affect Racial and Gender Identity in Employment? Evidence from PostApartheid South Africa Report Prepared by Bilge Erten Assistant
More informationSplit Decisions: Household Finance when a Policy Discontinuity allocates Overseas Work
Split Decisions: Household Finance when a Policy Discontinuity allocates Overseas Work Michael Clemens and Erwin Tiongson Review of Economics and Statistics (Forthcoming) Marian Atallah Presented by: Mohamed
More informationPolicies, Politics Can Evidence Play a Role in the Fight against Poverty?
Policies, Politics Can Evidence Play a Role in the Fight against Poverty? Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo May 2011 The primacy of politics? Has all of this been useless? Most of my work, and that of
More informationVote Buying and Clientelism
Vote Buying and Clientelism Dilip Mookherjee Boston University Lecture 18 DM (BU) Clientelism 2018 1 / 1 Clientelism and Vote-Buying: Introduction Pervasiveness of vote-buying and clientelistic machine
More information14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Lectures 8 and 9: Political Agency
14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Lectures 8 and 9: Political Agency Daron Acemoglu MIT October 2 and 4, 2018. Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Political Economy Lectures 8 and 9 October 2 and 4, 2018. 1 /
More informationThe Political Economy of Program Enforcement: Evidence from Brazil
The Political Economy of Program Enforcement: Evidence from Brazil Fernanda Brollo Katja Kaufmann Eliana La Ferrara This version: March 2017 Abstract Do politicians manipulate the enforcement of conditional
More informationLECTURE 10 Labor Markets. April 1, 2015
Economics 210A Spring 2015 Christina Romer David Romer LECTURE 10 Labor Markets April 1, 2015 I. OVERVIEW Issues and Papers Broadly the functioning of labor markets and the determinants and effects of
More informationRevisiting the Great Gatsby Curve
Revisiting the Great Gatsby Curve Andros Kourtellos Ioanna Stylianou Charalambos Tsangarides Preliminary and incomplete Abstract The main of this paper is to uncover empirically robust determinants of
More informationThe impact of party affiliation of US governors on immigrants labor market outcomes
J Popul Econ DOI 10.1007/s00148-017-0663-y ORIGINAL PAPER The impact of party affiliation of US governors on immigrants labor market outcomes Louis-Philippe Beland 1 Bulent Unel 1 Received: 15 September
More informationIncumbency Advantages in the Canadian Parliament
Incumbency Advantages in the Canadian Parliament Chad Kendall Department of Economics University of British Columbia Marie Rekkas* Department of Economics Simon Fraser University mrekkas@sfu.ca 778-782-6793
More informationPart IIB Paper Outlines
Part IIB Paper Outlines Paper content Part IIB Paper 5 Political Economics Paper Co-ordinator: Dr TS Aidt tsa23@cam.ac.uk Political economics examines how societies, composed of individuals with conflicting
More informationLocal Representation and Strategic Voting: Evidence from Electoral Boundary Reforms
Local Representation and Strategic Voting: Evidence from Electoral Boundary Reforms Tuukka Saarimaa a and Janne Tukiainen b April 2013 Abstract We use voting data to study whether voters value local political
More informationYou re Now Free to Move About the Country: The Effect of Schooling on Migration. Jorge M. Agüero 1 University of Connecticut.
You re Now Free to Move About the Country: The Effect of Schooling on Migration Jorge M. Agüero 1 University of Connecticut October 15, 2016 Preliminary. Comments welcome. Abstract Economic development
More informationAre Politicians Office or Policy Motivated? The Case of U.S. Governors' Environmental Policies
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU WCOB Faculty Publications Jack Welch College of Business 9-2011 Are Politicians Office or Policy Motivated? The Case of U.S. Governors' Environmental Policies
More informationParty Affiliation and Public Spending
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES Party Affiliation and Public Spending Louis-Philippe Beland Louisiana State University Sara Oloomi Louisiana State University Working Paper 2015-08 http://faculty.bus.lsu.edu/workingpapers/pap15_08.pdf
More informationWomen and political change: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution. Nelly El Mallakh, Mathilde Maurel, Biagio Speciale Manchester April 2015
Women and political change: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution Nelly El Mallakh, Mathilde Maurel, Biagio Speciale Manchester April 2015 1 Introduction - Objective - Analyze the effects of the 2011 Egyptian
More informationInsiders and Outsiders: Local Ethnic Politics and Public Good Provision
Insiders and Outsiders: Local Ethnic Politics and Public Good Provision Kaivan Munshi Mark Rosenzweig September 2015 Abstract Ethnic politics is conventionally identified as playing a major role in the
More informationDo Parties Matter for Fiscal Policy Choices? A Regression-Discontinuity Approach
Do Parties Matter for Fiscal Policy Choices? A Regression-Discontinuity Approach Per Pettersson-Lidbom First version: May 1, 2001 This version: July 3, 2003 Abstract This paper presents a method for measuring
More informationOnline Appendix: The Effect of Education on Civic and Political Engagement in Non-Consolidated Democracies: Evidence from Nigeria
Online Appendix: The Effect of Education on Civic and Political Engagement in Non-Consolidated Democracies: Evidence from Nigeria Horacio Larreguy John Marshall May 2016 1 Missionary schools Figure A1:
More informationPath-Breakers: How Does Women s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success? * Sonia Bhalotra University of Essex
Path-Breakers: How Does Women s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success? * Sonia Bhalotra University of Essex Irma Clots-Figueras Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Lakshmi Iyer Harvard Business
More informationLiving in the Shadows or Government Dependents: Immigrants and Welfare in the United States
Living in the Shadows or Government Dependents: Immigrants and Welfare in the United States Charles Weber Harvard University May 2015 Abstract Are immigrants in the United States more likely to be enrolled
More informationPolitical Selection and Bureaucratic Productivity
Political Selection and Bureaucratic Productivity James Habyarimana 1 Stuti Khemani 2 Thiago Scot 3 June 25, 2018 1 Georgetown 2 World Bank 3 UC Berkeley 1 Motivation: understanding local state capacity
More informationScotlandSeptember18.com. Independence Referendum Survey. January Phase 1 and 2 results TNS. Independence Referendum Survey
ScotlandSeptember18.com January 201 Phase 1 and 2 results January 201 1229 1 Phase 1 (Published 2 nd February 201) January 201 1229 Likelihood of voting Two thirds claim they are certain to vote in the
More informationPavel Yakovlev Duquesne University. Abstract
Ideology, Shirking, and the Incumbency Advantage in the U.S. House of Representatives Pavel Yakovlev Duquesne University Abstract This paper examines how the incumbency advantage is related to ideological
More informationThe importance of the electoral rule: Evidence from Italy
The importance of the electoral rule: Evidence from Italy Massimo Bordignon Andrea Monticini Catholic University (Milan) Italy First Version: January 2011 Revised: May 2011 Abstract We test the effect
More informationECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WAR: EVIDENCE FROM FIRM-LEVEL PANEL DATA
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WAR: EVIDENCE FROM FIRM-LEVEL PANEL DATA Micheline Goedhuys Eleonora Nillesen Marina Tkalec September 25, 2018 Goedhuys et al., 2018 SmartEIZ Conference September 25, 2018 1 /
More informationDocumentos de Trabajo 60
Documentos de Trabajo 60 Can I register to vote before I am 18? Information Costs and Participation Alejandro Corvalán Universidad Diego Portales Paulo Cox Banco Central de Chile Octubre 2014 Can I register
More informationIncumbency as a Source of Spillover Effects in Mixed Electoral Systems: Evidence from a Regression-Discontinuity Design.
Incumbency as a Source of Spillover Effects in Mixed Electoral Systems: Evidence from a Regression-Discontinuity Design Forthcoming, Electoral Studies Web Supplement Jens Hainmueller Holger Lutz Kern September
More informationThe Persuasive Effects of Direct Mail: A Regression Discontinuity Approach
The Persuasive Effects of Direct Mail: A Regression Discontinuity Approach Alan Gerber, Daniel Kessler, and Marc Meredith* * Yale University and NBER; Graduate School of Business and Hoover Institution,
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HOMEOWNERSHIP IN THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION. George J. Borjas. Working Paper
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HOMEOWNERSHIP IN THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION George J. Borjas Working Paper 8945 http://www.nber.org/papers/w8945 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,
More informationPathbreakers? Women s Electoral Success and Future Political Participation *
Pathbreakers? Women s Electoral Success and Future Political Participation * Sonia Bhalotra University of Essex Irma Clots-Figueras Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Lakshmi Iyer Harvard Business School
More informationPolitical Opposition, Legislative Oversight, and Politician Performance: Evidence From Brazil
Political Opposition, Legislative Oversight, and Politician Performance: Evidence From Brazil Alexander Poulsen 1 and Carlos Varjão 2 1 Boston College 2 Stanford August 2018 Abstract An important feature
More informationLegislatures and Growth
Legislatures and Growth Andrew Jonelis andrew.jonelis@uky.edu 219.718.5703 550 S Limestone, Lexington KY 40506 Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky Abstract This paper documents
More informationONLINE APPENDIX: DELIBERATE DISENGAGEMENT: HOW EDUCATION
ONLINE APPENDIX: DELIBERATE DISENGAGEMENT: HOW EDUCATION CAN DECREASE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN ELECTORAL AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Variable definitions 3 3 Balance checks 8 4
More informationImproving Government Accountability for Delivering Public Services
Improving Government Accountability for Delivering Public Services Stuti Khemani Development Research Group & Africa Region Chief Economist Office The World Bank October 5, 2013 Background and Motivation
More informationExpressive Voting and Government Redistribution *
Expressive Voting and Government Redistribution * Russell S. Sobel Department of Economics P.O. Box 6025 West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506 E-mail: sobel@be.wvu.edu Gary A. Wagner Department
More informationDemocrats and Unions
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES Democrats and Unions Louis-Philippe Beland Louisiana State University Bulent Unel Louisiana State University Working Paper 2015-02 http://faculty.bus.lsu.edu/workingpapers/pap15_02.pdf
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE PERSUASIVE EFFECTS OF DIRECT MAIL: A REGRESSION DISCONTINUITY APPROACH. Alan Gerber Daniel Kessler Marc Meredith
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE PERSUASIVE EFFECTS OF DIRECT MAIL: A REGRESSION DISCONTINUITY APPROACH Alan Gerber Daniel Kessler Marc Meredith Working Paper 14206 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14206 NATIONAL
More informationUC Berkeley CEGA White Papers
UC Berkeley CEGA White Papers Title At the Intersection: A Review of Institutions in Economic Development Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q15n1rq Authors Dal Bo, Ernesto Finan, Frederico Publication
More informationPolitical Turnover, Bureaucratic Turnover, and the Quality of. Public Services *
Political Turnover, Bureaucratic Turnover, and the Quality of Public Services * Mitra Akhtari Harvard University Diana Moreira Harvard University November 14, 2016 Laura Trucco New York University Most
More informationHuman Capital and the Recent Decline of Earnings Inequality in Brazil *
Human Capital and the Recent Decline of Earnings Inequality in Brazil * Priscilla Albuquerque Tavares ** Naercio Aquino Menezes-Filho *** Abstract Earnings inequality has started to decrease in Brazil
More informationBy Any Means Necessary: Multiple Avenues of Political Cycles
By Any Means Necessary: Multiple Avenues of Political Cycles Andrew 2014 EITM Summer Institute University of Houston June 22, 2014 Motivation Are Political Budget Cycles (PBCs) the only tool an incumbent
More informationOn the Allocation of Public Funds
On the Allocation of Public Funds Frederico Finan UC Berkeley Maurizio Mazzocco UCLA Current Draft: April 2015 Abstract This paper investigates how political incentives affect the allocation of public
More informationIncumbency Effects and the Strength of Party Preferences: Evidence from Multiparty Elections in the United Kingdom
Incumbency Effects and the Strength of Party Preferences: Evidence from Multiparty Elections in the United Kingdom June 1, 2016 Abstract Previous researchers have speculated that incumbency effects are
More informationPolitics and Local Economic Growth: Evidence from India
Politics and Local Economic Growth: Evidence from India Paul Novosad novosad@fas.harvard.edu and Sam Asher JOB MARKET PAPER Abstract Does politics have an impact on local economic outcomes? Using a regression
More informationEthnic minority poverty and disadvantage in the UK
Ethnic minority poverty and disadvantage in the UK Lucinda Platt Institute for Social & Economic Research University of Essex Institut d Anàlisi Econòmica, CSIC, Barcelona 2 Focus on child poverty Scope
More information