CEDAW - implementation

Transcription

1 CEDAW - implementation 1. State-reporting procedure 2. Individual complaints procedure 3. The interactive work of the CEDAW Committee and the Special Rapporteur on Violcence against Women

2 International law a socio-cultural phenomenon- responding to sociale, economic and cultural facts Work of NGO s/civic organizations 1. National and international NGO s/networksmaking inputs into human rights conventions and declarations 2. NGO/academicians making inputs to the process whereby general recommendations are drafted 3. Shadow reports, meetings with Committee, inputs to the state reporting prcedure 4. Individual communications NGO s assisting individuals in the individual complaint procedure

3 Violence against women the creation of a new human rights from the local to the global Nairobi forward looking strategy 1985 CEDAW GRC 19 Social and Economic Council Resolution, 1992(drafted by the Commission on the status of Women) 1993 the Wienna Conference recommended the Declaration of violcen 1994 the UN General Assembly adopted the resolution

4 NGO s as intermediaries between state and individuals The translation of problems of indivdualsa nd groups problems to human rights issues and of human rights into attainable entitlements for individual and groups on the ground Example Pakistan Human Rights Commssion Chair Asma Jahangir formulated violence against women in the family as human rights issue in Pakistan In the UN special rapporteur on extrajudcial executions termed honour killings as extra judicial executions..

5 Violence/discrimination a site of contestion between international, national and local Transnational movements change the human rights system The strength of the human rights system depends on moblization and sustained activism * The translation of human rights into local practice translating it into attainable entitlements

6 Eksempel på et aksjonsforskningsprosjekt Prosjekt om utvikling av informasjon om diskrimineringsvernet som henvender seg til innvandrerkvinner JURK/KVIBALD Rettslig kartlegging Kartlegging og vurdering av tilbudet Nordstrøms undersøkelse

7 Menneskerettslige krav til rettighetsinformasjon Fem krav tilgjengelig, forståelig, aktuell, pålitelig og adekvat Undersøkelse foretatt av Nordstrøm - ingen offentlige rettsinformasjonstiltak på diskrimineringsfeltet som henvendte seg til innvandrere Få diskrimineringssaker som gjelder etnisitet til LDO/LDN Færre diskrimineringssaker som gjelder invandrerkvinner hijab og utelivsdiskr.

8 Sally Engle Merry localizin Human Rights and Rights Consciousness Localizing transnational knowledge do poor women think about their rights in human rights terms? Can and should human rights terms be translated into local terms and language? Adopting a human rights subjectivity does not come easily. It is a slow process. I means adopting a new sense of self that incorporates rights and testing experimentally to see if it makes a differnce. Only if there is institutional support for this perspective will this new subjectivity be sustained

9 Case studies Theory 1. The more state-institutions reflect back back serious attention to her as a person the more willing a woman will be to take on a violecence, family conflict case or a discrimination case: * Example Sami Bano s study of muslim women in the UK between informal sharia councils and British Courts.

10 Pakistani women in Oslo How a women s NGO seeks to reconcile women s coexisting identities as muslims and as Norwegian citizens NGO s provision of information, choice and support can help women deal with double consiousness Legal pluralist literacy and councelling facilitating access to state-law. To have individual rights after Norwegian law and also be good muslims

11 Zimbabwe Women s Lawyers Association Deal with invisible power patriarchal customary beliefs entrenched in parliament, media. Courts, police and chiefly authorities Legal change domestic violence act networks, women s caucus parliament, women s coalition, women in police, courts..lobbied for 10 years

12 From Law to implementation Teach police, magistrates and chiefs about the act in a context where state-legal machinery has been emptied of human resources Inform women about their rights rural and urban know the law but also deal with invisible powers threats of sanctions from spiritual ancestors Self empowerment classes teach women in groups how to take their case to local courts and get orders to remove husband

13 South Africa NKUZI Development association, registration of restitution claims