ERD 2012 WRAP-UP MAASTRICHT CONSULTATION. Land, Governance, Political Economy

Transcription

1 ERD 2012 WRAP-UP MAASTRICHT CONSULTATION Land, Governance, Political Economy

2 1. Entry point: the land conundrum - Key challenge to inclusive and sustainable growth - Key paradox: how can development countries use global interest in land for ISG - Question: what should different actors (with different roles, interests, power, etc.) do to solve the land conundrum - The answer should be found in an integrated perspective of natural resource management by private and public sector actors - But how to get there?

3 2. The use of the governance concept - Normative way: - what governance principles and mechanisms ought to be in place to make NRM work for ISG GOOD GOVERNANCE - What does it look like? Sweden or Denmark on a good day - Analytical way: - what are governance and accountability relations in a particular environment and context? - PEA: Political Economy Approach captures actors and factors that help understand why things are as they are

4 3. Levels of analysis: the sector level 1. Key characteristics of the sector - Geography, history. Etc. - Nature of the various claims, competition and uses of land - Type of new pressures on land (internal, external) 2. Formal and informal institutions, stakeholders, agency diversity of contexts also determined by - Nature and mix of formal and informal institutions, - Formal institutional and legal arrangements governing land acquisitions, or settling disputes over land use or land right

5 - Customary and informal systems - Different stakeholders agency, potential and incentives for collective action, access to resources, their interests, etc. - Interaction between various levels of government - Decentralised level of governance: formal institutions (donor push) and traditional conflict resolution mechanism around land use - Substantive and procedural rights (consultation, involvement of different actors, transparency of process, etc.) SUBSTANTIAL GOVERNANCE DEFITICS SUBSTANTIAL (POTENTIAL FOR) CONFLIFT

6 4. Level of analysis: international and regional drivers - Essentially, looking at how global and regional economy and international relations affect land governance and domestic or sector political economy. - International drivers used in this sense include (The Policy Practice, the IDL group): - Factors that influence the domestic political economy - Primarily focusing on the shifts in incentives facing the ruling elite in terms of their winning, using or retaining power - With a particular interest in the ways that it affects state-society bargaining

7 International and regional level analysis

8 1. Foreign investment land acquisitions - Research reveals wide variety of types of investors and land deals - Also impact of donor policies (including aid and trade) should be taken into account - With different incentives on domestic stakeholders - Ultimately determining the potential for ISG - Evidence of poor development outcomes of multiple land acquisitions

9 2. Reputational pressures - Generated by regional and international actors - Ranging from: - Membership in international organisations - Regional political forums/organisations - Business associations - International civil society organisaitons - Research community/reputational pressures on governments - Sometimes generated by consumer pressures leading to reputational pressures on transnational companies changing market incentives and sometimes regulation

10 5. How to move from Business as Usual (BAU) to Inclusive and Sustainable Growth (ISG)? BAU (current track) ISG (desired track) How do we manage natural resources to change tracks? BAU: non-integrated use of natural resources; efficiency defined with regard to economic costs; labour-saving innovations dominate ISG: use of natural resources within planetary boundaries; economic growth for the benefit of human development; limits to growth?

11 6. Examples: National level: roles public and private sector, International and regional levels: FAO voluntary guidelines on responsible governance of tenure of land and other natural resources Codes of conduct (on investment,..) Regional level: Land Policy in Africa, CAADP South South cooperation EU driven: FLEGT is an example of multi-stakeholder and multi-policy cooperation Donor driven approaches: also in promoting conducive state-business relations, removing obstacles for collective action

12 7. Governance and PE analysis may: 1. Help understand the institutions behind good policies and implementation 2. Help identify those actors and factors in a particular context (institutions, incentives, collective action, etc.) that make for effective NRM 3. Help assess the scope for NRM in support of ISG 4. Help identify drivers that have the potential to change the incentives and interests of principal stakeholders 5. Help remove obstacles for collective action, and more effective state-business relations