ITL Public School First term Answer Key( )

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1 ITL Public School First term Answer Key(0-7) Date of Exam:.09. Subject: Political Science Class: XII Two words have been written incorrectly in the given sentence. Correct and rewrite the sentence: In July 99, NFF called for a nationwide strike to oppose the move of the government to issue licenses to foreign companies. In July 00, NFF called for a nationwide strike to oppose the move of the government to issue licenses to foreign trawlers. What was referred as the biggest gamble in history? India s experiment with Universal Adult Franchise in 95 elections. 3 At independence the entire region of North East except two states were part of Assam. Name these two states. Manipur and Tripura Why nonparty movements are also called non-party political formations? Most of these groups believed in politics and wanted to participate in it, but not through political parties. 5 What were the main consequences of Indo Pak war on Indira Gandhi? Popularity soared. Won the assembly elections held after this. Highlight any two negative outcome of the coalition governments. Two negative outcomes of the coalition governments: (i) Ideologically incongruent parties joining hands. (ii) Instability in the political system. 7 What is meant by Hindutva? Hinduness. Basis of Indian nationhood. Everyone must not only accept India as their fatherland but also their holyland. A strong nation can be built only on the basis of a strong and united national culture. 8 Assess any two positive aspects of the Chipko movement.. Issues of ecological and economic exploitation were raised. Active participation of women 3. Control over resources to local people. Took up economic issues of landless workers. (any ) 9 Why did large-scale violence against Muslims take place in February- March 00? Godhra incident 0 Mention any four political parties of India, besides Indian National Congress, which participated in the first three general elections. Political Parties of India which participated in the first general elections.

2 Communist Party of India Socialist Party Peoples Democratic Front (PDF) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) Akhil Bhartiya Hindu Mahasabha (Any four Parties) How did the coalition like character of the Congress Party give it an unusual strength? Ans. i) A coalition accommodates all those who join it and help in striking a balance on almost all issues. ii) There is a greater tolerance of internal differences and ambitions of various groups and leaders are accommodated. iii) It helped the Congress to retain a parity inside it even if a group was not happy. Internal factionalism became a strength of the Congress Party, which is usually a weakness. Highlight any four acts of dissent and resistance to the emergency imposed in Political workers went underground.. Newspapers like Indian Express and Statesman protested by leaving blank spaces 3. Magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down.. Many underground newsletters and leaflets were published Kannada writer Shivaram Karanth and Hindi writer Fanishwaranth Renu returned their awards. 3 Justify the constitution of States Reorganisation Commission under the circumstance prevailing at the time. (i) At that time the challenge was to draw the internal boundaries of the Indian state. (ii) The boundaries had to be drawn in a way so that the linquistic and cultural plurality of the country could be reflected without affecting the unity of the nation. (iii) Since we believe in unity in diversity, our National Movement had rejected division as artificial and had promised the linquistic principle as the basis of formation or state. (iv) It was hoped that if we accept the regional and linquistic claims of all regions, the threat of division and separatism would be reduced. (v) It is nearly 0 years since the reorganization of states on linquistic basis, it has changed the very nature of our democratic policies. (vi) Formation of Andhra Pradesh spurred the struggle for making of other states on linquislic lines in other parts of the country. The commission in its report accepted that the boundaries of the states should reflect the boundaries of different languages. (any )

3 Trace the events that led to Sikkim as a state of India. A protectorate. Chogyal- Monarch. Democratic aspirations. - Anti Chogyal leaders got support from the GOI. st democratic elections in 97. Swept by Sikkim Congress, First sought status of associate state and then in April 975 passed a resolution asking for full integration. This was followed by a hurriedly organized referendum that put a stamp of popular approval on the assembly s request. Indian Parliament accepted the request immediately and Sikkim became the nd state of Indian union. 5 Explain important features of India s nuclear policy. st nuclear explosion in 97 Considers NPT discriminatory- not willing to sign NPT and CTBT Doctrine of credible minimum nuclear deterrence No first use reiterates India s commitment to global, verifiable and nondiscriminatory nuclear disarmament leading to a nuclear weapons free world. Explain the nature of social and ideological coalition in Congress in 90s and 50s. Social base widened Transformed into a rainbow like coalition Other groups merged their identities with Cong Different beliefs, factions, yet one. 7 Support for Pakistan came from the US and China. The US and China rapprochement that began in the late 90s resulted in a realignment of forces in Asia. Henry Kissinger, the adviser to the US President Richard Nixon, made a secret visit to China via Pakistan in July 97. Answer the following questions with reference to the above passage: i) What step did India take to counter the US- Pakistan-China axis? Signed Friendship treaty with USSR for 0 years. ii) Explain the chain of events which followed from December 97 onwards. Description of Indo Pak war for liberation of Bangladesh iii) Post Indo- China War, India substantially increased the defence expenditure. Name two departments that were set up for the same along with the year in which they were set up. Department of Defence Production (Nov. 9) Department of Defence Supplies (Nov. 95) 8 Read the passage and answer the questions below: Indira Gandhi changed the Congress into highly cerntalised and undemocratic party organisation, from the earlier federal, democratic and ideological formation that Nehru had led..but this could not have happened had not Indira Gandhi changed the entire nature of politics. This new, populist politics turned political ideology. Into a mere electoral discourse, use of various slogans not meant to be translated into government policies During its great electoral victories in early 970s, amidst the celebration, the Congress party as a political organisation died.. SUDIPTA KAVIRAJ 5(++) 5(++) 3

4 i) What according to the author is the difference between the strategies of Nehru and Indira Gandhi? IG- populist politics, centralized and undemocratic party Nehru- Focus on ideology, federal democratic party ii) Why does the author say that the Congress party died in the seventies? IG changed the Cong- reinvented it based entirely on the popularity of the supreme leader. iii) In what way, did the change in the Congress party affect other political parties also? Other political parties also followed suit. Ideologies kept aside. Power sharing and alliances on convenience. Slogans,.. become popular. 9.Study the picture and answer the following questions:- 5(++). Which movement is being depicted here? Why is this movement so important n Indian politics? One of India s most effective regional movements, the Dravidian movement, at one point of time. This was one of the first regional movements in Indian politics.. Who led this movement and why? The Dravidian movement led to the formation of Dravida Kazhagam [DK] under the leadership of Tamil social reformer E.V. Ramasami Periyar. The organisation strongly opposed the Brahmins dominance and affirmed

5 regional pride against the political, economic and cultural domination of the North. Initially, the Dravidian movement spoke in terms of the whole of south India; however lack of support from other States limited the movement to Tamil Nadu. 3. Briefly explain any two demands of this movement. Restoration of original name of Kallakudi railway station Tamil cultural history greater importance. Against the craft education scheme of the state government. 0 Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions: 5(++) The United State dropped two atomic bombs on Japanese cities of. The supporters of U.S. have argued that the dropping of the atomic bomb was necessary to end the war quickly and to stop further loss of American and Allied lives.. the consequence of the end of the Second World War was the rise of two new powers on the global stage with the ability to influence events anywhere on the earth. (i) What was the critics opinion on the dropping of bombs? (ii) In spite of the rise of two new superpowers as rivals, a third world war did not happen. Why? iii)how could these powers influence events anywhere on earth? Explain. (i) The US knew Japan was about to surrender yet to show supremacy and to check Soviet from making military and political gains in Asia. (ii) The logic of deterrence to be explained. (iii) The new superpowers could influence events anywhere on earth through the countries that were under their sphere of influence. The military alliances of NATO and Warsaw Pact had countries that were under the protection of their respective super powers. Besides, these countries could use the smaller countries as bases to launch an attack or to fulfill their interests. Study the given map of India in which six states have been marked as A,B,C,D,E. Identify these states with the help of the information provided below and write their names along with their respective letters. i) It is the 9 th state of India. ii) C. Annadurai was the chief minister of this state. iii) S. Nijalingappa is regarded as the maker of this state. iv) V.V. Giri had been a labour leader from this state. v) Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan was involved in negotiations with the rebels of this state. Ans- Telangana Madras(Tamil Nadu) Karnataka 5 (x 5) 5

6 Andhra Pradesh Nagaland The immediate challenge that independent India faced was to shape a nation that was united, yet accommodative of the diversity in our society. Elaborate. i) Process of partition ii) Integration of princely states iii) Reorganisation of states (to be explained) The collapse of communism was followed in most of the countries by a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. What were the consequences of such a transition? Consequences of Shock Therapy i) Brought economic ruin and disaster ii) State controlled industrial complex almost collapsed iii) Ruble declined, inflation high, GDP very low, old trading structure broke down, no alternative IV) Old system of social welfare system destroyed. Middle classes pushed to periphery, academic and intellectual manpower disintegrated, migrated v) Mafia emerged, disparities, economic inequality. vi) Construction of democratic institutions not given same attention. 3 Analyse the consequences of the Indo China war. Dented India s image National humiliation Top army commanders either resigned or retired Nehru criticized, no confidence motion Cong lost key by-elections- political mood had begun to change Split in CPI Attention to North East Defence expenditure upped Describe the external and internal reasons that made Jammu & Kashmir a controversial and conflict ridden state.. PAK claim,. Azad Kashmir 3. Special status- art 370. All provisions not applicable to the state. opposite reactions

7 The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War. In spite of such an achievement, there were several problems associated with Soviet State. What were they? SOVIET UNION- Negative features(problems):. The Soviet system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens.. Lack of democracy, absence of freedom of speech stifled people. 3. One party system had tight control over everything and unaccountable to people.. Although Russia only one of the 5 Republics of USSR, in reality Russia dominated everything, and people from other areas felt neglected and suppressed. 5. Arms race was at great cost. Soviet Union lagged behind in technology, infrastructure, and in fulfilling the aspirations of citizens.. Afghanistan war (979) weakened the system further. 7. Productivity and technology fell, wages remained same, shortage in consumer goods, food imports increased. What was India s foreign policy towards the US and USSR during the Cold War era? Do you think that this policy helped India s interest? Suggest an alternative foreign policy for India during this era. 5 Why was the Green Revolution started in India? Discuss its consequences. Food crisis. Country vulnerable to external pressures and dependent on food aid, majorly from US, which pushed India to change its economic policies. Govt adopted a new strategy to ensure self-sufficiency in food grains. Decided to put more resources into those areas which already had irrigation and those farmers who were already well off. Consequences-. Rich peasants and large landholders were the major beneficiaries of the process.. GR registered moderate agricultural growth (mainly wheat) and raised the availability of food in the country. 3. It increased polarization between classes and regions.. The stark contrast between the poor peasantry and the landlords produced conditions favourable for the leftwing organisations to organize the poor peasants. 5. The GR also resulted in the rise of the middle peasant sections. They soon emerged politically influential in many parts of the country. Agrarian struggle of the eighties is one such example where better off farmers protested against the policies of the state. Discuss the demands put forward by one such movement. What was the outcome of their struggle? 7

8 Demands of BKU-. Higher govt. floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.. Abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of farm produce. 3. Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates. Waiving of repayments due on loans to farmers 5. Provision of a govt. pension for farmers Outcome of their movement- Debate between industry and agriculture s importance for India s model development became prominent. Got some of their economic demands accepted. Farmer s movement became one of the most successful social movements of the 80s. Farmer organisations like BKU, like Shetkari Sangathan of Maharashtar and Rayata Sangha of Karnataka, followed in BKU s footsteps by recruiting their members from communities that dominated regional electoral process. Briefly describe the events that led to the mid-term elections of elections results- Janata and allies-330/5 seats (Janata party- 95 seats) and Cong 5.. Janata party govt though had majority but was far from cohesive. 3. Power struggle in party. Struggle fr PM. Even though Morarji still. Opposition to emergency could not keep party together for long. JP lacked direction, leadership, and a common programme. 5. Split of JP. Morarji lost majority in less than 8 months.. Another govt headed by Charan Singh with Congress support. 7. Cong withdraws support after months. 8. Under these circumstances fresh Lok Sabha elections held in January 980. Cong won 353 seats. Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 99. What was the outcome of the 97 elections that were held after the split? Presidential election of 99 to be explained in detail. 97 election- Cong ( R ) 35 seats, CPI- 3= 375 seats Cong (O) = seats, Grand Alliance= 0 seats. Positive slogan. Victory in Bangladesh war led to popularity. Swept the Assembly elections held in 97. Seen as protector of poor and underprivileged, strong nationalist leader. Dominance of congress restored. Syndicate and opposition wiped out. 8

9 7 Compare and contrast the electoral performances of various political parties in the 009 and the 0 Lok Sabha elections General elections- UPA seats (vote share 37%) and NDA- 59 seats (vote share 5%). BJP got seats and Congress 0 seats. The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by the INC formed the government. The UPA was able to put together a comfortable majority with support from 3 members out of 53 members of the House. External support came from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and other minor parties. NDA comprised of the following parties- Bhartiya Janata Party, Janata Dal (United), Shiv Sena, Indian National Lok Dal, Rashtriya Lok Dal, Asom Gana Parishad, and some others. 3rd Front- Led by Left Parties. th Front- The Samajwadi Party, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Lok Janshakti Party and others.. 0 General elections- The National Democratic Alliance won a sweeping victory, taking 33 seats. The BJP itself won 3.0% of all votes and 8 (5.9%) of all seats, while NDA's combined vote share was 38.5%. It is the first time since the 98 Indian general elections that a party has won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties. The United Progressive Alliance, led by the Indian National Congress, won 58 seats, (8.%) of which were won by the Congress, that won 9.3% of all votes. It was the Congress party's worst defeat in a general election. BJP and its allies won the right to form the largest majority government since the 98 general election.. AIADMK won 37 seats and TMC won 3 seats. BJD- 0, Shiv Sena- 8, and TDP. Currently, the parties in and supporting the NDA are- Current No. of MPs in Lok Sabha and Current No. of MPs in Rajya Sabha (As on 8 December 05) (Total 337 in Lok Sabha and 3 in Rajya Sabha.) Bharatiya Janata Party - 80 and 8 - National Party Shiv Sena - 8 and 3- Maharashtra 3 Telugu Desam Party- and Telangana, Andhra Pradesh Lok Janshakti Party- and 0 - Bihar 5 Shiromani Akali Dal- and 3 - Punjab And several other political parties. In spite of the decline of Congress dominance the Congress party continues to influence politics in the country. Do you agree? Give reasons. Yes. Its presence in Lok Sabha. Ruling party in six states. National political party. 9