Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, 2001

Transcription

1 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Federal criminal case processing, October, -September 3, Suspects investigated in matters concluded Suspects arrested 8,978 8,896 Defendants prosecuted 86,78 Offenders convicted 68,533 Offenders sentenced to prison Offenders sentenced to probation,963 5,57 A Federal Justice Statistics Program Report

2 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 8 Seventh Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 53 John Ashcroft Attorney General Office of Justice Programs Deborah J. Daniels Assistant Attorney General World Wide Web site: Bureau of Justice Statistics Lawrence A. Greenfeld Director World Wide Web site: For information contact: National Criminal Justice Reference Service

3 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, November 3, NCJ 67

4 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Lawrence A. Greenfeld Director, BJS This Bureau of Justice Statistics Report was prepared by the Urban Institute under the supervision of Steven K. Smith and Mark Motivans of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). This report was prepared under BJS grant number 98-BJ-CX-K5. Principal staff at the Urban Institute were Laura Winterfield, William Adams, Avi Bhati, Kamala Mallik Kane, Barbara Parthasarathy, Juliet Scarpa, and Yan Yuan. David Williams produced the layout and design. Tom Hester of BJS provided editorial review. This report is made possible through the cooperation of the following Federal agencies and their staffs: The United States Marshals Service (USMS), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC), the Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys (EOUSA), and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). The staff who provided expert advice about the source records include: Joe Briggs (USMS); Steven Schlesinger and Catherine Whitaker (AOUSC); Siobhan Sperin and Barbara Tone (EOUSA); and Sue Allison and Nancy Miller (BOP). BJS authorizes any person to reproduce, publish, translate, or otherwise use all or any part of the material in this publication; citation to source, however, is appreciated. An electronic version of this report and the data underlying graphics may be found on the BJS Internet website ( The BJS-sponsored Federal Justice Statistics Resource Center (FJSRC) Internet website ( provides online access to the Federal justice database. Users may download data from the Federal justice database for independent analysis or use the online query system to quickly obtain customized statistics. To order additional copies of this report or CD-ROM s containing the Federal justice database, call the OJP Clearinghouse at ii Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

5 Contents Highlights, Arrest Prosecution Pretrial release Adjudication Sentencing Appeals Corrections Introduction, 5 Organization of the Compendium Modifications in the Compendium Notes to reader System overview, 7 Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses, Arrests by offense categories Arrests by law enforcement agencies Arrests by Drug Enforcement Administration agents Arrests across demographic groups Tables, 5 Chapter notes, 9 Chapter. Prosecution, U.S. attorneys' decisions Suspects in matters received Suspects in matters concluded Tables, 7 Chapter notes, 33 Chapter 3. Pretrial release, 35 Types of pretrial release Factors relating to release or detention Pretrial outcomes by offense categories Pretrial outcomes across demographic groups Length of pretrial detention Tables, 4 Chapter notes, 5 Chapter 4. Adjudication, 55 Defendants in criminal cases filed Defendants in criminal cases terminated Case processing times Convictions by U.S. magistrates Characteristics of convicted defendants Tables, 6 Chapter notes, 64 Chapter 5. Sentencing, 65 Offenders convicted and sentences imposed Average prison sentences imposed Relationship between sentence imposed and mode of conviction Characteristics of offenders sentenced to prison Tables, 7 Chapter notes, 77 Chapter 6. Appeals, 79 Appeals filed Appeals terminated Tables, 83 Chapter notes, 88 Chapter 7. Corrections, 89 Federal offenders under supervision Outcomes of offenders completing supervision Characteristics of offenders completing supervision Admissions, releases, and standing population of Federal prisoners Federal prisoners: First releases and time served Characteristics of Federal prisoners Tables, 95 Chapter notes, 9 Methodology, 9 The Federal justice database Table construction and interpretation Offense classifications Source agencies for Compendium data tables Glossary, 3 Contents iii

6 Tables Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses, 5 October, - September 3,.. Suspects arrested for Federal offenses, by offense.. Suspects arrested for Federal offenses and booked by U.S. Marshals Service, by Federal law enforcement agency.3. Characteristics of Federal arrestees booked by U.S. Marshals Service.4. Characteristics of suspects arrested by Drug Enforcement Administration agents, by type of drug.5. Characteristics of suspects arrested by Drug Enforcement Administration agents, by weapon use at time of arrest Chapter. Prosecution, 7 October, - September 3,.. Suspects in matters received by U.S. attorneys, by offense.. Disposition of suspects in matters concluded, by offense.3. Suspects in matters concluded and declined, by investigating agency.4. Basis for declination of prosecution by U.S. attorneys.5. Disposition of matters declined for prosecution by U.S. attorneys, by offense.6. Mean and median processing times from receipt to filing or declination, by offense Chapter 3. Pretrial release, 4 October, - September 3, 3.. Type of pretrial release, by offense 3.. Type of pretrial release, by defendant characteristics 3.3. Form of pretrial detention, by offense 3.4. Form of pretrial detention, by defendant characteristics 3.5. Pretrial detention hearing outcomes, by offense 3.6. Pretrial detention hearing outcomes, by defendant characteristics 3.7. Behavior of defendants released prior to trial, by offense 3.8. Behavior of defendants released prior to trial, by type of release 3.9. Behavior of defendants released prior to trial, by defendant characteristics 3.. Length of pretrial detention, by form of release or detention, and most serious offense charged Chapter 4. Adjudication, 6 October, - September 3, 4.. Defendants in criminal cases commenced, by offense 4.. Disposition of criminal cases terminated, by offense 4.3. Time from filing to disposition of criminal cases terminated 4.4. Dispositions by U.S. magistrates 4.5. Characteristics of convicted offenders Chapter 5. Sentencing, 7 October, - September 3, 5.. Sentence types in criminal cases terminated, by offense 5.. Type and length of sentences imposed, by offense 5.3. Sentences imposed on convicted offenders, by offense of conviction and method of disposition 5.4. Convicted offenders sentenced to incarceration, by offense and offender characteristics 5.5. Average incarceration sentence lengths imposed, by offense and offender characteristics 5.6. Median incarceration sentence lengths imposed, by offense and offender characteristics Chapter 6. Appeals, 83 October, - September 3, 6.. Criminal appeals filed, by type of criminal case and offense 6.. Criminal appeals filed and criminal appeals terminated, by offense 6.3. Criminal appeals terminated, by type of criminal case and offense 6.4. Disposition of criminal appeals terminated on the merits, by offense 6.5. Criminal appeals cases terminated on the merits, by nature of offense Chapter 7. Corrections, 95 October, - September 3, 7.. Federal offenders under supervision, by offense 7.. Characteristics of Federal offenders under supervision, by offense 7.3. Outcomes of probation supervision, by offense 7.4. Characteristics of offenders terminating probation supervision 7.5. Outcomes of supervised release, by offense 7.6. Characteristics of offenders terminating supervised release 7.7. Outcomes of parole, by offense 7.8. Characteristics of offenders terminating parole 7.9. Admissions and releases of Federal prisoners, by offense 7.. Characteristics of Federal prison population, by major offense category 7.. Number of first releases from Federal prison, by release method and sentence length 7.. Average time to first release and percent of sentence served, for prisoners released by standard methods 7.3. Mean time served to first release, by length of sentence imposed, offense, and type of case, for prisoners released by standard methods 7.4. Percent of sentence served to first release, by length of sentence imposed, offense, and type of case, for prisoners released by standard methods 7.5. Characteristics of first releases from prison, by offense, all releases 7.6. Mean time served to first release from Federal prison for prisoners released by standard methods, by offense and offender characteristics iv Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

7 Figures Highlights, October, - September 3, Figure H.. Average length of sentences imposed, by offense Figure H.. Admissions to Federal Bureau of Prisons, releases, and prisoners at yearend, by offense Figure H.3. Average time to first release, standard releases, by offense System overview, 7 October, - September 3, Figure S.. System overview, Federal criminal case processing Figure S.. Federal criminal case processing outcomes Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses, October, - September 3, Figure.. Country of citizenship of non-u.s. citizens arrested and booked by the U.S. Marshals Service Figure.. Type of drug involved in drug arrests, by race of arrestee Figure.3. Type of immigration arrests Figure.4. Suspects arrested by the DEA, by State of arrest Chapter. Prosecution, October, - September 3, Figure.. Suspects in matters concluded: Percentage of suspects that were prosecuted in U.S. district court Figure.. Suspects in matters referred, by Federal judicial district Chapter 3. Pretrial release, 35 October, - September 3, Figure 3.. Percent of defendants released prior to case disposition, by offense category Figure 3.. Detention hearings held, by offense category Figure 3.3. Pretrial release rates, by defendant characteristics Figure 3.4. Pretrial release violation and revocation rates, for cases terminated Chapter 4. Adjudication, 55 October, - September 3, Figure 4.. Disposition of cases terminated Figure 4.. Average time from filing to disposition of cases terminated, by offense Figure 4.3. Percent of cases concluded that went to trial, by Federal judicial district Chapter 5. Sentencing, 65 October, - September 3, Figure 5.. Rates of incarceration and probation for offenders convicted and sentenced in cases terminated Figure 5.. Incarceration and probation sentence lengths (in months) of offenders convicted and sentenced in cases terminated Figure 5.3. Average prison sentences imposed on defendants convicted at trial or by guilty plea Chapter 6. Appeals, 79 October, - September 3, Figure 6.. Types of criminal appeal cases Figure 6.. Appeals cases filed, by type of offense Figure 6.3. Disposition of criminal appeals terminated Chapter 7. Corrections, 89 October, - September 3, Figure 7.. Violation rates of offenders terminating probation, supervised release, or parole, by type of violation Figure 7.. Violation rates of offenders completing probation, supervised release, or parole, by category of offense Figure 7.3. Rates of violation of conditions of supervision, by level of education Figure 7.4. Mean lengths of sentence imposed and time served (in months) for offenders released from prison for the first time Figure 7.5. Characteristics of first releasees Figure 7.6. Federal offenders under supervision, by Federal judicial district Figure 7.7. Federal offenders incarcerated, by Federal correctional institution Contents v

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9 Highlights The number of suspects investigated by U.S. attorneys decreased between and, from 3,559 to,88. About three-quarters of those for which the investigation was concluded were prosecuted either before a U.S. district court judge (6%) or before a U.S. magistrate (%) and 7% of those investigated were not prosecuted by U.S. attorneys. The number of defendants prosecuted in Federal courts decreased slightly between and, from 87,6 to 86,78. The number of offenders under Federal correctional supervision increased 69% between 99 and. At the end of fiscal year, the number of offenders in Federal prison or on community supervision was 39,743 compared to 4,79 during 99. At the end of fiscal year, the number of Federal inmates serving a sentence of imprisonment increased by 7,66 to 36,395. The number under community supervision was 3,348. Over two-thirds of those under community supervision were on post-incarceration supervised release (68,496) or parole (4,7). Arrest During, 8,896 suspects were arrested by Federal law enforcement agencies for violations of Federal law. Twenty-nine percent of those arrested and booked by the U.S. Marshals Service were for drug offenses, % for immigration offenses, 6% for supervision violations, 4% for property offenses, 8% for public-order offenses, 5% for weapon offenses, 4% for violent offenses, and 3% to secure and safeguard a material witness. About 7% of suspects booked by the U.S. Marshals Service were arrested by Department of Justice agencies, while Treasury Department agencies accounted for % of all arrests. Within the Department of Justice, the U.S. Marshals Service made 38% of the arrests; the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 34%; and the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration 4% each. Prosecution During U.S. attorneys initiated criminal investigations involving,88 suspects, and they concluded their investigations of 8,978 suspects. Thirty-one percent of the suspects were investigated for drug, 4% for property, % for public order, 3% for immigration, 7% for weapon, and 5% for violent offenses. Of the suspects in criminal matters concluded, U.S. attorneys prosecuted 7,648 in U.S. district courts and 4,8 were disposed of before U.S. magistrates. During, U.S. attorneys declined 7% of matters concluded. Suspects in criminal matters involving immigration or drug offenses were slightly more likely to be prosecuted in a U.S. district court (8% and 79%, respectively) than were suspects involved in weapon (64%), violent (6%), property (5%), or public-order offenses (9%). Suspects involved in property offenses (such as fraud) or public-order offenses were more likely to be declined for prosecution (4% and 38%, respectively) than were suspects investigated for violent (35%), weapon (34%), drug (7%), or immigration (3%) offenses. Pretrial release Of 75,75 pretrial cases commenced in, 39% were released after either an initial or detention hearing, while 6% were detained, and less than % were dismissed. During, 46% of the 68,4 defendants who terminated pretrial services were released at some time prior to their criminal trial. Defendants charged with property offenses or public-order offenses were more likely to be released prior to trial (78% and 7%, respectively) than were defendants charged with weapon (45%), drug (4%), violent (36%), or immigration (%) offenses. The proportion of defendants released prior to their trial decreased from 6% during 99 to 46% during. Defendants having a prior criminal history of serious or violent crimes were less likely to be released than those without a prior criminal history; defendants with a greater number of prior convictions were less likely to be released than those with fewer prior convictions. About 6% of the defendants with a prior violent felony conviction were released before trial, while 6% of defendants with no prior convictions were released. Forty-nine percent of defendants with one prior conviction were released, as compared to 38% of defendants having two to four prior convictions and about 8% of defendants having five or more prior convictions. Eighty-one percent of defendants released prior to trial completed their periods of release without violating the conditions of their release. Nineteen percent of defendants released violated the conditions of their release, and 7% of defendants had their release revoked. Defendants charged with weapon or drug offenses were more likely to commit at least one violation of their conditions of release (3% and 8%, respectively), while defendants charged with weapon or violent offenses were more likely to have their release revoked (3% for each offense category) than were other defendants. Defendants released during were more likely to violate the conditions of their pretrial release than those released during 99. During, 9% of those released at some point prior to trial violated a condition of their release. During 99, % violated their release conditions. Adjudication During, 8,64 defendants were charged in Federal courts with a criminal offense, 86% of whom were charged with felonies. Of the defendants charged with felonies, 43% were prosecuted for drug, % for property, 6% for immigration, 9% for Highlights

10 weapon, 6% for public-order, and 4% for violent offenses. The number of defendants charged with a felony immigration offense decreased by 4% between and, from,36 to,54. The number charged with a felony drug offense increased by 3%, from 9,455 to 3,3. Criminal cases were concluded against 77,45 defendants during, 86% of whom had been charged with felonies. The proportion of defendants convicted in the Federal courts increased from 8% during 99 to 89% during. The proportion of convicted defendants who pleaded guilty increased from 87% during 99 to 95% during. About 9% of defendants charged with felonies were convicted. The conviction rate was similar for the major offense categories: 95% of defendants charged with immigration offenses, 9% of drug defendants, 9% of property defendants, 9% of violent and weapon defendants, and 87% of public-order defendants. Sentencing Defendants convicted during were more likely to be sentenced to prison than those convicted during 99. During about 75% of defendants were sentenced to prison compared to 6% of those sentenced during 99. Ninety-two percent of felony drug offenders, violent offenders, and weapon offenders received prison sentences during, as did 9% of felony immigration offenders, 63% of felony property offenders, and 6% of felony public-order offenders. Average length of prison sentences imposed, by offense, October, - September 3, Most serious offense of conviction All offenses Felonies Violent offenses Property offenses Drug offenses Public-order offenses Weapon offenses Immigration offenses Misdemeanors Average sentence length 56.5 mo The 5,57 offenders sentenced to prison received, on average, 56.5 months of imprisonment. Offenders sentenced for violent felony offenses felony weapon offenses, and felony drug offenses received longer average prison terms (9.8, 86.9, and 73.8 months, respectively) than those convicted of felony property, immigration, public-order offenses (4., 9., and 39.3 months, respectively). While the proportion of defendants sentenced to prison is at an all-time high, average prison sentences have declined from the peak attained during 99. During 99 the average prison term imposed was 6.6 months; for violent felony offenders, the average term imposed was 94.8 months; for drug felony offenders, the average term was 84. months. Violent offenses Property offenses Drug offenses Public-order offenses Weapon offenses Immigration offenses 6.8% Appeals Between 994 and, the number of appeals received by the U.S. Courts of Appeals remained relatively constant between about 9, and, annually. However, the proportion of criminal defendants appealing some aspect of their conviction decreased from % during 994 to 6% during. During,,8 criminal appeals were filed, a 3% increase from FY (9,6). Forty-nine percent of the appeals filed challenged both the conviction and sentence imposed. Only 4% of appeals were filed by the Government. Of the,65 appeals terminated during, 77% (or 8,577) were terminated on the merits. In 83% of the appeals terminated on the merits, the district court ruling was affirmed, at least in part. Corrections Community supervision Between 99 and, the number of offenders on community supervision increased by %, from 84,8 during 99 to 3,348 during. While nearly equal proportions of offenders were serving terms of probation and post-incarceration supervision (parole or supervised release) during 99, during, over twothirds were serving a term of postincarceration supervision (66% supervised release and 4% parole) while 3% were on probation. Admissions to Federal Bureau of Prisons, releases, and prisoners at yearend, by offense, October, - September 3, Most serious offense of conviction All offenses All admissions 66,654 All releases 59,3 7.6% Population at yearend 36, % Note: Percentages of offenses do not total to % due to offenders whose most serious offense of conviction is unknown or indeterminable. Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

11 Drug offenders comprised % of offenders on probation, 54% of offenders serving terms of supervised release, and 47% of offenders on parole. Property offenders comprised 37% of offenders on probation, 5% of offenders serving terms of supervised release, and 9% of offenders on parole. A total of 4,96 offenders terminated probation during. Most of these offenders (8%) completed their terms of probation successfully. Twelve percent of probationers terminating supervision during committed technical violations; 6% committed new crimes. A total of 4,966 offenders completed terms of supervised release during. Of these offenders, 64% successfully completed their terms without violating conditions of release; % committed technical violations; and 3% committed new crimes. A total of,653 offenders completed terms of parole during. Of these offenders, 56% successfully completed their terms without violating conditions of release; 5% committed technical violations; and 3% committed new crimes. Prison Between 99 and, the number of inmates serving a sentence of imprisonment more than doubled, from 56,989 during 99 to 36,395 during. During, 5,85 prisoners were received by the Bureau of Prisons from U.S. district court commitments. An additional 5,569 prisoners were returned to Federal prison for violating conditions of probation, parole, or supervised release, or were admitted to Federal prison from elsewhere than a U.S. district court. Drug offenders who comprised 4% of persons admitted into Federal prison comprised the largest percentage of persons in prison (57%) at the end of. During, 43,83 prisoners were released for the first time from Federal prison after commitment by a U.S. district court. Of these, 39,48 were released by standard methods and 4,375 were released by extraordinary means (death, treaty transfer, sentence commutation, or drug treatment). An additional 5,58 prisoners were released from subsequent commitments to Federal prison. Average time served by Federal offenders increased from 4 months during 994 to 9 months during. The proportion of the sentence served increased from 65% during 99 to 88% during. Violent, weapon, and drug offenders were among those offenders who served the longest prison terms (55 months, 44 months, and 4 months, respectively). Average time to first release, standard releases, by offense, October, - September 3, Most serious original offense of conviction All offenses Violent offenses Property offenses Drug offenses Public-order offenses Weapon offenses Immigration offenses Mean time served 9.3 mo Highlights 3

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13 Introduction This Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) report presents an overview of case processing in the Federal criminal justice system. The data presented are compiled from the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program (FJSP) database. The FJSP database includes data provided by the U.S. Marshals Service, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Executive Office for the U.S. Attorneys, Federal Bureau of Prisons, and U.S. Sentencing Commission. The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, in addition to providing data describing defendants in cases processed by the Federal judiciary, provides data describing defendants processed by the Federal pretrial services agencies and the Federal probation and supervision service. The BJS Federal Justice Statistics database is archived on CD- ROM, copies of which are available from the BJS Clearinghouse. The data can be downloaded from the Federal Justice Statistics Resource Center at < Each agency reports on those defendants it processed during a given year in an annual statistical report. These reports are often incomparable across agencies due to the varying methods the agencies use to report case processing activities. As reported by an interagency working group, headed by BJS, the differences in the case processing statistics are attributable, in part, to the differing needs and missions of the agencies. The working group found the following differences in reported statistics: w the universe of cases reported during a given period some agencies report on those case processing events that occurred during a particular period, whereas others report on those events recorded during a particular period; and w many of the commonly used case processing statistics suspect/defendant processed, offense committed, disposition, and sentence imposed are defined differently across agencies. BJS, through its FJSP, has recognized the incomparability of these annual statistical reports and has attempted to reconcile many of the differences identified by the working group. For instance, by combining databases from several years, BJS is able to report on those cases that actually occurred during the reporting period. Commonly used case processing statistics are made comparable across stages by applying uniform definitions to data obtained from each agency. Because definitions in the FJSP are consistent with those categories in BJS programs describing State defendants convicted, sentenced, or imprisoned, the comparison of Federal and State case processing statistics is facilitated. The Compendium, 6 th in a series which includes 984, 985, 986, 988, 989, 99, 99, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, and, describes defendants processed at each stage of the Federal justice system arrest by Federal law enforcement agencies (chapter ), investigation and prosecution by the U.S. attorneys (chapter ), pretrial release or detention (chapter 3), adjudication in the U.S. district courts (chapter 4), sentencing (chapter 5), appeal of the conviction and/or sentence imposed (chapter 6), and corrections (chapter 7) for the - month period ending September 3, (the Federal fiscal year). Prior to 994, the Compendium was reported on a calendar-year basis. The tables presented report events that occurred during the Federal fiscal year October, - September 3,. Generally, the tables include both individual and organizational defendants. Organizational defendants are not included in tables describing pretrial release and detention, tables showing defendants sentenced to incarceration, or tables describing offenders under post-conviction community supervision. Juvenile offenders charged as adults are included in the reported statistics. Felony and misdemeanor distinctions are provided where possible (see "Offense classifications" in Methodology). Organization of the Compendium Each chapter of the Compendium describes a major stage in the processing of criminal suspects and defendants. Each chapter contains Chapter notes that describe the universes of data used in the tables and information relevant to the interpretation of individual tables. The Compendium contains the following: Chapter describes arrests made by Federal law enforcement agencies for violations of Federal law, including the characteristics of arrestees. Chapter describes decisions made by Federal prosecutors in screening criminal matters and the characteristics of defendants in cases prosecuted or declined for prosecution. Chapter 3 describes the pretrial release and detention practices of the Federal judiciary, including the characteristics of defendants detained or released pending trial. Chapter 4 describes actions by the Federal judiciary in adjudicating defendants in cases filed by the U.S. attorneys, including the offense charged and characteristics of defendants convicted. Chapter 5 describes the sentences imposed by the Federal judiciary on convicted defendants, including the characteristics of defendants sentenced. Chapter 6 describes appeals of criminal convictions and sentences imposed in the Federal courts, including the original offense charged. Chapter 7 describes defendants under Federal correctional supervision probation, parole, and supervised release including the outcome of the supervision (successful completion or violations), admissions to and releases from Federal prison, and time served by Federal inmates. Introduction 5

14 The Methodology section describes the procedures followed in analyzing data and developing tables. The Glossary contains definitions for terms used in the Compendium. Since many terms used in the text and tables have specialized meanings (either because they refer to Federal law or because of reporting procedures by the Federal agencies supplying the data), readers are encouraged to check the glossary for exact definitions of tabulated data. Modifications in the Compendium Weapon and immigration offenses were elevated to major offense categories. Previously, weapon and immigration offenses were detailed offense categories classified under the major offense category of public-order offenses. Therefore, comparisons between public-order offenses in this Compendium to those in previous Compendia are not valid. To make such comparisons, weapon and immigration offense counts must be subtracted from public-order offenses in previous Compendia. Table 3. in chapter 3 describing pretrial hearing outcomes for cases commenced also has been added for. Several figures containing maps have been added to the chapters to supplement tables and text. These maps typically display the 94 judicial districts in the United States and show either the geographical distribution of a case processing statistic (such as the number of suspects in matters referred to U.S. attorneys), or a district s rate or percentage on a case processing decision (such as the percent of cases concluded that went to trial). The new figures containing maps are figures.,.4,., 4.3, 7.6, and 7.7. Notes to reader The tables in the Compendium were constructed to permit valid comparisons within each table and to allow the reader to compare percentages (but not raw totals) across tables. It should be understood, however, that the total number of subjects/defendants shown in a particular table may not equal the number of subjects/defendants involved in a particular stage of processing, since some records could not be linked and some data sources did not include information on particular data elements classified in a particular table. Data notes indicate the exact universe for individual tables. The Compendium is a statistical presentation of Federal criminal justice information with limited analyses of trends or explanatory factors underlying the statistics. Analyses of Federal justice statistics may be found in special reports and other publications, some of which are cited in the Compendium. Assessment of changing patterns in the Compendium tabulations may depend on detailed examination of subcategories not shown in the tabulations or may require other sources of information, such as knowledge of legislation or Federal agency procedures. 6 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

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17 Federal criminal case processing, October, - September 3, Suspects investigated in matters concluded Suspects arrested All offenses 8,978 8,896 Defendants prosecuted 86,78 Offenders convicted 68,533 Offenders sentenced to prison* Offenders sentenced to probation*,963 5,57, 4, 6, 8,,, 4, Violent offenses Number of persons Investigations 5,845 Public-order offenses - regulatory Number of persons Investigations 5,484 Arrests 4,843 Arrests 687 Prosecutions 3,799 Prosecutions,7 Convictions,687 Convictions 989 Prison sentences*,399 Prison sentences* 597 Probation sentences* 8 Probation sentences* 7 Property offenses - fraudulent Number of persons Investigations 4,786 Public-order offenses - other Number of persons Investigations 7,3 Arrests 3,397 Arrests 8,469 Prosecutions 4,9 Prosecutions,38 Convictions,498 Convictions,847 Prison sentences* 6,537 Prison sentences*,89 Probation sentences* 3,7 Probation sentences* 798 Property offenses - other Number of persons Investigations 3,334 Weapon offenses Number of persons Investigations 8,75 Arrests 3,47 Arrests 6,7 Prosecutions,7 Prosecutions 5,777 Convictions,4 Convictions 5,3 Prison sentences*,7 Prison sentences* 4,54 Probation sentences* 7 Probation sentences* 4 Drug offenses Number of persons Investigations 37,543 Immigration offenses Number of persons Investigations 5,35 Arrests 33,589 Arrests 4,794 Prosecutions 3,39 Prosecutions 4,87 Convictions 5,854 Convictions,9 Prison sentences* 3,74 Prison sentences* 9,65 Probation sentences*,4 Probation sentences* 383 *Prison includes split, life, indeterminate, regular, and youth sentences. Offenders not shown as sentenced to prison or probation were sentenced by magistrates or received a fine-only sentence in Federal court. Probation excludes persons sentenced to prison. Figure S.. System overview 9

18 Chapter Arrests for Federal offenses Discussion...3 Tables October, - September 3,.. Suspects arrested for Federal offenses and booked by U.S. Marshals, by offense Suspects arrested for Federal offenses and booked by U.S. Marshals, by Federal law enforcement agency Characteristics of Federal arrestees booked by U.S. Marshals Characteristics of suspects arrested by DEA agents, by type of drug Characteristics of suspects arrested by DEA agents, by weapons involved at time of arrest... 8 Chapter notes...9 Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses

19 Chapter Arrests for Federal offenses The bulk of non-u.s. citizens arrested and booked by the U.S. Marshals in were citizens of Mexico (8%) and Central and South America (7%). Number arrested and booked , >, Note: Out of 4,768 arrests with country of citizenship information available. Source: U.S. Marshals Service Prisoner Tracking System, fiscal year. Figure.. Country of citizenship of non-u.s. citizens arrested and booked by the U.S. Marshals Service, October, - September 3, Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

20 Sixty-nine Federal agencies employ full-time personnel empowered to make arrests. As of June these agencies employed about 88, officers. The Department of Justice employed more than half (58%) of all law enforcement officers. The Department of Treasury employed % of all officers. Suspects arrested by Federal agencies are transferred to the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service for processing, transportation, and detention. During the U.S. Marshals Service received 8,896 suspects for processing from the Federal law enforcement agencies, including over 3, suspects arrested by deputy U.S. Marshals and nearly, by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Number arrested and booked, by offense categories (table.) During, 8,896 suspects were arrested by Federal law enforcement agencies for violations of Federal law and booked by the U.S. Marshals Service. Of those suspects arrested and booked, 8% were for drug offenses, % for immigration offenses, 6% for supervision violations, 4% for property offenses, 8% for publicorder offenses, 5% for weapon offenses, 4% for violent offenses, and 3% to secure and safeguard a material witness. Thirty-seven percent of drug arrests involved cocaine (crack or powder); 6%, marijuana; %, amphetamine or methamphetamine; 6%, heroin; and the remainder, other drugs or drug paraphernalia (figure.). Most (84%) of arrests for immigration offenses were for illegal entry into the Brian A. Reaves and Timothy C. Hart, Federal Law Enforcement Officers,, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC (NCJ 873). The Federal agency making the arrest may be different from the Federal agency initiating the investigation involving the arrestee. Statistics describing agencies initiating investigations are shown in table.3 of chapter, Prosecution. Most suspects arrested and booked by the U.S. Marshals Service for drug offenses were white and cocaine was the most common drug Type of drug Cocaine Marijuana Amphetamine/ Methamphetamine Heroin drug,844 3,93, 4, 6, 8,,, 4, Number of arrests United States; % involved alien smuggling; 3% involved false claims of citizenship by entrants to the United States; and % involved other immigration violations (figure.3). Number arrested and booked by law enforcement agencies (table.) During components of the Department of Justice made 7% of all arrests for Federal offenses, and Department of Treasury components accounted for another % of all arrests. 6,47 8,879,457 Race White Black Note: Not shown are 7 drug paraphernalia arrests and 5 drug arrests for which race was not specified. Hispanics are not shown separately, but are included among the white and black categories. The underlying data do not distinguish between Hispanics and non-hispanics. Source: U.S Marshals Service Prisoner Tracking System, fiscal year. Figure.. Type of drug involved in drug arrests, by race of arrestee, October, - September 3, In addition, 4% of arrests were made by State and local agencies and 7% of suspects were arrested after voluntarily reporting to the U.S. Marshals following a summons. Within the Department of Justice, 38% of arrests were made by the U.S. Marshals Service, 34% were made by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 4% were made by both the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration, and less than % were made by other Department of Justice components. Illegal entry was the most common offense of suspects arrested and booked for an immigration offense Category of offense Illegal entry False citizenship Smuggling % % 4% 6% 8% % Percent of immigration arrests Note: The U.S. Marshals Service booked a total of 4,794 suspects arrested for an immigration offense. Source: U.S Marshals Service Prisoner Tracking System, fiscal year. Figure.3. Type of immigration offense of suspects arrested and booked, October, - September 3, Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses 3

21 Arrests reported by DEA agents (tables.4-.5) During the DEA reported their agents arrested 3,95 suspects, although not all of these suspects were booked for violations of Federal law by the U.S. Marshals (see Chapter notes). Some of these suspects were referred to U.S. attorneys for a prosecutorial decision; others were referred to a State prosecutor. Suspects arrested by DEA agents were predominantly white (7%), non- Hispanic (6%), male (83%), and U.S. citizens (77%). The greatest proportion of them were between and 3 years old (44%). Cocaine was the predominant drug involved in arrests made by DEA agents, with cocaine powder comprising 3% of all arrests and crack cocaine, 6%. Twenty-two percent of DEA arrests involved methamphetamines; % involved marijuana; % involved opiates; and % involved other drugs or non-drug offenses. The majority of suspects arrested for each type of drug were white, except for crack cocaine, for which the majority of suspects were black. About 5% of all suspects were armed at the time of their arrest. Whether a weapon was involved differed across demographic groups. Males were twice as likely to be armed at arrest as females (4% versus %). Blacks (5%) were more likely than whites (4%) to be armed at arrest. Non- Hispanics (5%) were more likely than Hispanics (3%) to be armed at arrest, and U.S. citizens (4.3%) were more likely to be armed at arrest than noncitizens (3.6%). If armed at arrest, suspects from all demographic subgroups were more likely to be armed with a handgun than any other weapon. Of the,37 suspects who were armed, 8% were armed with a handgun, and % were armed with a shotgun or rifle. Most arrests reported by the DEA were in California (4,7), Florida (,78), Texas (3,657), and New York (,38). Note: Not shown on map: District of Columbia (53), Guam (8), Puerto Rico (7), and the Virgin Islands (8). Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Defendant Statistical System, fiscal year. Suspects arrested < > Figure.4. Suspects arrested by the DEA, by the State where arrested, October, - September 3, Within the Treasury Department, 55% of arrests were made by the U.S. Customs Service, 6% were made by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, 5% were made by the Secret Service, and 3% were made by the Internal Revenue Service. Number arrested and booked across demographic groups (table.3) Most (86%) of the suspects arrested by Federal law enforcement agencies during were male. Over twothirds (7%) were white and about a quarter (7%) were black. Individuals between ages and 4 comprised 7% of all those arrested. More than a third (38%) of those arrested were identified as noncitizens. Two-thirds (66%) of the suspects arrested for drug offenses were white, and most of the remaining third (3%) were black. The racial distribution of suspects differed by the type of drug involved. Of those suspects arrested on charges involving marijuana, 9% were white and 8% were black. Of those suspects arrested on charges involving cocaine, 39% were white and 6% were black (figure.). 4 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

22 Table.. Suspects arrested for Federal offenses and booked by U.S. Marshals, by offense, October, - September 3, Most serious offense All offenses b Violent offenses 4,843 4.% Murder c 34.3 Negligent manslaughter 35 Assault,9. Robbery,8.4 Sexual abuse c 65. Kidnaping 6. Threatening communication 7. violent offenses 3 Property offenses Fraudulent 3,397.4% Embezzlement,35.9 Fraud c, Forgery 39.3 Counterfeiting, ,47.9% Burglary 6. Larceny c,.8 Motor vehicle theft 36.3 Arson and explosives 3. Transportation of stolen property property offenses c 4. Drug offenses Public-order offenses Regulatory Antitrust Food and drug Civil rights regulatory offenses 8,469 7.% Tax law violations c Bribery 9. Perjury, contempt, and intimidation 88. National defense 5 Escape Racketeering and extortion 68.5 Gambling 9. Obscene material c 46.4 Child Support Recovery 37.3 Nonviolent sex offenses 5.4 Obstruction of justice 4.4 Traffic offenses,.9 Conspiracy, aiding and abetting, and jurisdictional offenses All other offenses c 9.8 Weapon offenses Immigration offenses Supervision violations Material witness Number 8,896 6,84 33,589 9, ,7 4,794 8,978 3,679 a Percent % 4.3% 8.5% 7.8%.6% %.% 6.% 3.% Less than.5%. a Percentage distribution based on the suspects for whom the offense category could be determined. b Includes,6 suspects for whom an offense category could not be determined. c In this table "Murder" includes nonnegligent manslaughter; Sexual abuse includes only violent sex offenses; "Fraud" excludes tax fraud; "Larceny" excludes transportation of stolen property; " property offenses" excludes fraudulent property offenses and includes destruction of property and trespassing; Tax law violations" includes tax fraud; "Obscene material" denotes the mail or transport thereof; and "All other offenses" includes offenses with unclassifiable offense type. Source: U.S. Marshals Service Prisoner Tracking System, fiscal year. Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses 5

23 Table.. Suspects arrested for Federal offenses and booked by U.S. Marshals, by Federal law enforcement agency, October, -September 3, Arresting agency a All agencies Department of Agriculture Department of Defense Department of the Interior Indian Affairs Park Police Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Federal Bureau of Investigation Immigration and Naturalization Service Marshals Service DOJ Department of State Department of the Treasury Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Customs Service Internal Revenue Service Secret Service Federal judiciary U.S. Postal Service Self-report, subpoena State and local Task force All offenses b Violent 8,896 4, ,7,778,573 8,38 3, ,7 3,666 7,77 47,6 6,6 7,3 8,47 4,879,367, ,679 34,356 33, Most serious offense at arrest Property Public-order Fraudulent Drug Regulatory Weapon 3,397 3,47 33, ,469 6, ,84 64,955 38,43 73, , ,95 3, , , ,933,4 3, , , , ,699,74,95, ,79 8,43 4, ,94, , ,846,839, Supervision Immigration violations 4,794 8,978 4, ,4, , , ,73,467, 4 Material witness 3,679 3, , a This table displays data by the arresting Federal agency. The provisions of the Homeland Security Act of (P.L. 7-96) renamed the Treasury Department's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and transferred it to the Department of Justice. The Secret Service, U.S. Customs, and Immigration and Naturalization Service became a part of the Department of Homeland Security. This will be reflected in later editions of this report. The arresting agency may be different from the Federal agency that initiated the investigation involving the arrestee. Statistics describing agencies initiating investigations are shown in table.3 of chapter, Prosecution. b Includes,6 suspects for whom an offense category could not be determined. Source: U.S. Marshals Service Prisoner Tracking System, fiscal year. 6 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,

24 Table.3. Characteristics of Federal arrestees booked by U.S. Marshals, October, - September 3, Arrestee characteristic All arrestees Number All arrested offenses 8,896 % Violent 4.% Property Fraudulent.4%.9% Percent of suspects arrested on Public-order Drug Regulatory Weapon 8.5%.6% 7.% 5.% Immigration Supervision.% 6.% Material witness 3.% Male/female Male Female,637 7, % % % % % %.6 85.% % % %.8 8.9% 8. Race White Black Native American Asian/Pacific Islander 8,858 3,934,869,3 69.6% % % % % % % % % % % Age Under 9 years 9- years -3 years 3-4 years Over 4 years,46 7,45 48,44 34,474 6,44.% % % % % % % % % % % Citizenship U.S. citizen Not U.S. citizen 68, 4,499 6.% % % % % % % % % % % 96.6 Note: Summing arrestees on a characteristic may not yield the total number of arrestees because some arrestees lack information on that characteristic. Source: U.S. Marshals Service Prisoner Tracking System, fiscal year. Chapter. Arrests for Federal offenses 7

25 Table.4. Characteristics of suspects arrested by DEA agents, by type of drug, October, - September 3, Arrestee characteristic All arrestees* Male/female Male Female Race White Black Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Total arrested 3,95 7,38 5,45,49 9, Percent arrested % 83.4% % Cocaine powder 7,534 6, ,734,58 3 Crack cocaine 5,78 4,555 74,7 3,98 6 Drug type Methamphetamine Marijuana 6,35 5, ,87, , 5,669,58 6, Opiates 3,37,566 56, or non-drug 3,45,668 78, Ethnicity Hispanic Non-Hispanic,83 9,77 38.% 6.9 3,848 3,56 8 4,7,96 3,67,69 4,76,777,97 58,649 Age Under 9 years 9- years -3 years 3-4 years Over 4 years 96,736 4,348 9,76 6,735.6% ,58,46, ,77, ,784,75, ,686,47,69 56, , Citizenship U.S. citizen Not U.S. citizen 3,96 7,94 77.%.8 4,893,9 4, ,44,66 5,36,467, , Note: Summing arrestees on a characteristic may not yield the total number of arrestees because some arrestees lack information on that characteristic. *Number of all arrestees will not match number of DEA arrests reported in table., as suspects arrested by DEA agents may be transferred to State or local jurisdiction and are not booked by the U.S. Marshals Service. See Chapter notes, p. 9. Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Defendant Statistical System, fiscal year. Table.5. Characteristics of suspects arrested by DEA agents, by weapons involved at time of arrest, October, - September 3, Arrestee characteristic All arrestees b Male/female Male Female Race White Black Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Ethnicity Hispanic Non-Hispanic Age Under 9 years 9- years -3 years 3-4 years Over 4 years Citizenship U.S. citizen Not U.S. citizen Total arrested 3,95 7,38 5,45,49 9, ,83 9,77 96,736 4,348 9,76 6,735 3,96 7,94 Total armed,37, ,33 57 Percent armed 4.% 4.5%.3 3.9% % % % 3.6 If armed, percent with a Shotgun Handgun or rifle weapon 8.7% 83.% % % 8.3 % % %.% % % % % % 7.7% % % 8. % % 4.7 Note: Summing arrestees on a characteristic may not yield the total number of arrestees because some arrestees lack information on that characteristic. a Percentages can exceed % when suspects are armed with more than one type of weapon. b Number of all arrestees will not match number of DEA arrests reported in table., as suspects arrested by DEA agents may be transferred to State or local jurisdiction and not the U.S. Marshals Service. See Chapter notes, p. 9. Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Defendants Statistical System, fiscal year. 8 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics,