Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents

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1 Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs 19 Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents A Comparative Analysis Bearbeitet von Felix Sparka 1. Auflage Taschenbuch. xviii, 282 S. Paperback ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 460 g Recht > Handelsrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht > Europäisches, internationales Wirtschaftsrecht Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents Abbreviations... XIII Chapter 1: Introduction...1 A. Towards a uniform system of choice of forum agreements in maritime transport documents...1 I. A note on the subject of this study...1 II. Objective and scope of the project...2 B. Benefits and disadvantages of choice of forum agreements...4 I. Benefits for the contracting parties...4 II. Disadvantages generally associated with choice of forum agreements...6 C. Choice of forum clauses in the context of maritime transport...9 I. Protectionism and the structure of shipping...9 II. Industry bargaining pattern...12 III. Ability of the parties to conduct legal proceedings abroad...13 D. The influence of the lawyers own interests...14 E. Summary...17 Chapter 2: The Legal Framework for Choice of Forum Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents...19 A. The legal framework for jurisdiction clauses in maritime transport documents...19 I. The U.S. framework for jurisdiction clauses Relation between federal and state law in maritime matters Essential laws and some questions on their application...21 II. The European framework for jurisdiction clauses The Brussels-Lugano regime Scope of the Brussels-Lugano regime...26 III. The English framework for jurisdiction clauses...28 IV. The German framework for jurisdiction clauses...30 B. The legal framework for arbitration clauses in maritime transport documents...31 I. The U.S. framework for arbitration clauses...31 II. The English framework for arbitration clauses...34

3 VIII Contents III. The German framework for arbitration clauses C. Summary Chapter 3: Bills of Lading and other Maritime Transport Documents A. Bills of lading I. A short history of the bill of lading II. The functions of a bill of lading Receipt for the goods delivered by the shipper to the carrier Evidence of the terms of the contract Document of title III. Bills of lading in the event of charter Bills of lading issued by the owner to the charterer Bills of lading issued by the charterer B. Modern Counterparts of Bills of Lading I. Sea Waybills II. Transshipment and multimodal transport documents Transshipment and multimodal transport documents generally CMR consignment notes III. Electronic shipping documents C. Passenger tickets D. Summary Chapter 4: Common Types of Choice of Forum Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents A. The use of jurisdiction clauses in maritime transport documents I. Exclusive and non-exclusive jurisdiction clauses II. Interpretation of ambiguous and fragmentary clauses Clauses which are ambiguous as to being exclusive or non-exclusive Clauses which are unclear about the chosen forum III. Determination of the scope of jurisdiction clauses B. The use of arbitration clauses in maritime transport documents I. Institutional and ad hoc arbitration II. The place of arbitration III. Arbitration procedure IV. Determination of the scope of arbitration clauses C. Summary and commentary Chapter 5: Classification of Choice of Forum Clauses and their Separability from the Main Contract A. Classification of jurisdiction clauses and their separability from the main contract... 82

4 Contents IX I. Classification and separability under U.S. law...82 II. Classification and separability under the Brussels-Lugano regime...84 III. Classification and separability under English law...85 IV. Classification and separability under German law...86 B. Classification of arbitration clauses and their separability from the main contract...88 I. Classification and separability under U.S. law...88 II. Classification and separability under English law...90 III. Classification and separability under German law...91 C. Comparative review...93 D. Legal policy considerations...94 E. Summary...98 Chapter 6: Formal Requirements and the Incorporation of Choice of Forum Agreements...99 A. Formal requirements and the incorporation of jurisdiction agreements I. Form and incorporation under U.S. law II. Form and incorporation under the Brussels-Lugano regime III. Form and incorporation under English law IV. Form and incorporation under German law B. Formal requirements and the incorporation of arbitration agreements I. Form and incorporation under U.S. law II. Form and incorporation under English law III. Form and incorporation under German law C. Comparative review D. Legal policy considerations E. Summary Chapter 7: Inconvenient and Unfair Choice of Forum Clauses A. Inconvenient and unfair jurisdiction clauses I. Inconvenient and unfair jurisdiction clauses under U.S. law The reasonableness doctrine Forum non conveniens and the change of venue section Fairness II. Inconvenient and unfair jurisdiction clauses under the Brussels-Lugano regime III. Inconvenient and unfair jurisdiction clauses under English law IV. Inconvenient and unfair jurisdiction clauses under German law...138

5 X Contents B. Inconvenient and unfair arbitration clauses I. Inconvenient and unfair arbitration clauses under U.S. law II. Inconvenient and unfair arbitration clauses under English law III. Inconvenient and unfair arbitration clauses under German law C. Comparative review D. Legal policy considerations E. Summary Chapter 8: The Effect of Mandatory Liability Rules on the Enforcement of Choice of Forum Clauses A. The effect of mandatory liability rules on the enforcement of jurisdiction clauses I. Mandatory liability and jurisdiction clauses under U.S. law II. Mandatory liability and jurisdiction clauses under the Brussels-Lugano regime III. Mandatory liability and jurisdiction clauses under English law IV. Mandatory liability and jurisdiction clauses under German law B. The effect of mandatory liability rules on the enforcement of arbitration clauses I. Mandatory liability and arbitration clauses under U.S. law II. Mandatory liability and arbitration clauses under English law III. Mandatory liability and arbitration clauses under German law C. Comparative review D. Legal policy considerations E. Summary Chapter 9: The Effect of Choice of Forum Clauses on Third Party Cargo Receivers A. The effect of jurisdiction clauses on third party cargo receivers I. Position of third party cargo receivers under U.S. law II. Position of third party cargo receivers under the Brussels- Lugano regime III. Position of third party cargo receivers under English law IV. Position of third party cargo receivers under German law B. The effect of arbitration clauses on third party cargo receivers I. Position of third party cargo receivers under U.S. law II. Position of third party cargo receivers under English law III. Position of third party cargo receivers under German law

6 Contents XI C. Comparative review D. Legal policy considerations E. Summary Chapter 10: Future Developments the Hamburg Rules and Beyond A. From Hamburg to Rotterdam I. The Hamburg Rules Jurisdiction clauses under the Hamburg Rules Arbitration clauses under the Hamburg Rules II. The United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods III. The Rotterdam Rules Jurisdiction clauses under the Rotterdam Rules Arbitration clauses under the Rotterdam Rules B. Further developments I. U.S. Senate COGSA II. The Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements C. Comparative review D. Legal policy considerations E. Summary Chapter 11: General Observations and Conclusions A. General Observations B. Conclusions Bibliography Table of Cases Table of Legislation...271

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