violating plaintiffs Fourteenth and Fourth Amendment rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983^ and
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1 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 1 of 28 PageID# 613 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Alexandria Division MATEUSZ FIJALKOWSKI, Plaintiff, V. Civil Action No. l:18-cv M. WHEELER, et al.. Defendants. MEMORANDUM OPINION This case arises from a somewhat bizarre and nearly tragic set of events. Plaintiff, a citizen and resident of Poland, claims Officers Wheeler, Adcock, Blakely, Bronte-Tinkew, Clark, Grande, Jakowicz, Labarca, McNaught, Mulhem, and Zesk ("the police defendants") are liable for violating plaintiffs Fourteenth and Fourth Amendment rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983^ and for gross negligence under Virginia law. Plaintiff also brings a claim of negligence against defendants Brooks, a lifeguard and plaintiffs former co-worker, and American Pool Inc., plaintiffs former employer ("the pool defendants"). The police defendants and the pool defendants have each moved to dismiss plaintiffs Complaint on a variety of grounds. At issue on defendants' motions to dismiss are the following questions: (i) Are the police defendants entitled to qualified immunity with respect to plaintiffs Fourteenth Amendment claim brought pursuant to 1983? Put differently, did the police defendants violate plaintiffs "clearly established" substantive due process rights by preventing a lifeguard from taking timely steps to rescue plaintiff from drowning himself? (ii) Did the police defendants violate plaintiffs substantive due process rights by their own failure to prevent plaintiff from drowning himself? ' Plaintiff represented in his opposition to the police defendants' motion to dismiss that plaintiff consents to the dismissal of the due process claim alleged in Count II because it is duplicative of Counts I and III, which also allege due process claims. Mem. in 0pp. to Mot. to Dismiss Police Defs. at 1 (ECF No. 24). 1
2 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 2 of 28 PageID# 614
3 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 3 of 28 PageID# 615
4 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 4 of 28 PageID# 616
5 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 5 of 28 PageID# 617
6 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 6 of 28 PageID# 618
7 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 7 of 28 PageID# 619
8 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 8 of 28 PageID# 620
9 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 9 of 28 PageID# 621
10 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 10 of 28 PageID# 622
11 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 11 of 28 PageID# 623
12 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 12 of 28 PageID# 624
13 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 13 of 28 PageID# 625
14 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 14 of 28 PageID# 626
15 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 15 of 28 PageID# 627
16 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 16 of 28 PageID# 628
17 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 17 of 28 PageID# 629
18 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 18 of 28 PageID# 630
19 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 19 of 28 PageID# 631
20 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 20 of 28 PageID# 632
21 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 21 of 28 PageID# 633
22 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 22 of 28 PageID# 634
23 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 23 of 28 PageID# 635
24 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 24 of 28 PageID# 636
25 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 25 of 28 PageID# 637
26 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 26 of 28 PageID# 638
27 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 27 of 28 PageID# 639
28 Case 1:18-cv TSE-MSN Document 31 Filed 02/12/19 Page 28 of 28 PageID# 640
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