5990/92 H.C.A. 6263/ / /92 H.C.A. 6077/92 H.C.A. 6289/92 H.C.A. 6097/92 H.C.A. 6129/92 H.C.A. 6167/92 H.C.A. 6213/92 H.C.A.

Transcription

1 5990/92 3.).א 6043/ /92 3.).א 6047/ /92 3.).א 6064/ /92 3.).א 6077/92 63/92 3.).א 609/92 64/92 3.).א 6097/ /92 3.).א 69/ /92 3.).א 6167/92 629/92 3.).א 6213/92 29/93 3.).א 6245/92 32/93 3.).א 6247/92 97/93 3.).א 217/93 7/93 3.).א 24/93 249/93 266/93 27/93 25/93 454/93 (.(.ם C~vil s

2 5974/92(.(.ם Ors % Sheritah IDF Commer 5976/92(.(.ם Ors % Individual Protection Centre Ors 3! Bank West IDF Commer 5976/92(.(.ם Ors % Tsemel Leah ץ Gaza Bank West IDF Commer 63/92(.(.ם M.K. Ad םוWahabDarahe, י Or 1 ' Prime 6ר(29/4ר.(.ם An Husein strip Gaza IDF Commer 6(29/07ר.(.ם Path 5. Government

3 6263/92(.(.ם Arie Gur s Government 629/92(.(.ם an Nser an. Comm Central Commer 29/93(.(ה.ם s Salem Abu 32/93(.(ה.ם Elabi an 97/93(.(ה.ם Ors % Kadir.ץ an (39/70ר.(ח.ם Muamar Abu an ' Prime

4 [ח Justice Court High 5עת 1ת SupremeCourt January1993[ ]2.גג Mazza Or Goldrg, Netanyahu, Barak,,ם.ן Elon,ן Shamgar Summary Edit's Islamic ~am )0נס47תת mwder kidnapping acts brutal numr ב Following empower Governfnent decided 7992, Decemr, ganisations tewist Jihad issue strip Gaza Samaria Judea commers nulltary OTganising ות part taken had who ganisations tewist two se leaders issued reupon commers two years. two exceeding ת period ב tew, acts suppting time ( 7945 s, (Emergency) under provisions (general) individual allowing tewities) ות ce 5 ות but Mate British however, would, up, set 1תו issued. ing immediately cawied depted persons 400 Altoger, place. taken already had only s hear. under Lebanon lawfully cawied submitted ( respondents) authities defence pri heard בה bring opptunity בת ת given deptees though even any cawied required conditions emergency pressing since, general since, dispensed could pn argued, y Meover, delay. recognises Court ~igh law Alternatively,. םנ provislon legislative express enced. 1ילת like בת inherent even where sitatlons emergency itself general cause both VOld, argued petitioners pri ב deptees denying bis legal sufficlent lack owing particular ות,0ומן ab VOId submitted y Meover,. individual ות defects owing, ~ians Protection relating 7949 Convention Geneva 41י su2ce law international contrary i contrary 1תparticular. ms 1תgeneral prohibits Wartime =. pn ב grants law administrative pri up set ת )01סס471ץ בה petitioners argument additional 1תו rejected argument. invalidating reon additional בה, regulations (under pri existence ות indeed ב since court, s. (Emergency) 772 follows: held Court Supreme

5 1ת dealing including 1945 s, (Emergency) 1. law Jdanian first derived ce continued 1ל 1ת Gaza. Samaria, 1ת Judea ce administration. nulltary i enacted legislation subsequently suppt evidence sufficlent must re s, (Emergency) Accding 2. fulfilled. h en requirement T~s. individual 1תeach s hear up )01ססעתת set advisy provides s above 1 1)( 3. ב requested 50 1] exanune h jurisdiction detention administrative against e heard wher specify however, )0ת does That deptee. under would interpretation reonable 14. cawied pn ב ב denial ~owever,. prl exercised 1)( would remedy cowect. invalidation lead ת necessanly does would conditions sarne under place take ב allow. pn place taken had 1] prevailed accdance = government military 1 act any ; legality 1עיexanune Justice. Court ~igh 4. עת1זב, hei grant requlre principles Those law. administrative i principles presence 1ת held effective, fair 50, possible far תטן 1תperson, appear person such Allowing deptee)., )1ת t concerned person ב re errs 17סנ mistaken s : prevented may תrepresentative, matter. present 1ת numr, departed can pn ב allowing rule circumstances, 1ת exceptional 5. necessary ת, present 1ת ~owever, departwe. such justify needs secunty where law 1ת earlier down laid rule suace exist, circumstances exceptional such wher conslder subsequent held ב, pri 0ת en h re where even where here, applies 41 1ת detail; ward put opptunity deptee afd t,. individual does ת invalidate pri ב ; lack event, any replace 1ת general sought y insar invalid where provision general 6. cawying e place take pri ב require justice natwal principles existu2g s. exceptional specific relating, follows: concluded Court 7. Courted. pn did תinvalidateindividual Lack )ב. following granted ת did t but stated, reons invalid, s (general) provisional ). individual invalidate

6 [ח considered individual invalidity regarding Submissions )( s. (subsequent) scope in comrruttee advisy Cited: Ces court Supreme )3( ID17ןמJ~deaSamaria, 514/5Nazal Commer 513, ]1[ 19)3( Committee, Elections Central Chairman Yarad 1/65 Appeal Elections ]2[ )4( ChiefMilitary Cens,, 60/Schnitzer ]3[ GazaStFlp;Ab~ J~dian IDF Commer 137/91 Mlam.ץ 1361, ]4[ )3(, 3. 35)3(, 320/0Kama ]5ו 227. Bank,43)2( ID17West 672/Lavdi Commer ]6[ 5. 2 Karab~tli 7/4 ]7[ 1. 6 interi Galil /ג 25/52 ][ interi Rahman /4ג 240/51 ]9[ גם Acre Govern Dah~d Ab~ 174/52 ][ interi, Badar /52 ][ Interi, Berman 3/5 ][ )1( Gan, Ramat May AItagar 290/65 ]13[ )2( CO~Ft, Labo~r National Gingoldv. 654/7 ]14[ 36)1( Statelsrael, Ltd, NetanyaContracts 76/ 0 Shapiraco..גי cr. ][ 337. So~rn Commer avil 41/90 16[ [ )4( Comm, WestBank, Commer IDF Shachshir 765/(.](.(א 497/ App. Misc. ]17[ )1( ton Kanzil Region; Samaria Judea Commer וש Ab~ 69/ 1[ [ )2( Comm, Region Gaza Commissioner Comm, Central Commer (יע 35/ ]19[ )2(

7 [ח Tihah Petach M~nicipality Tiha Petach ןמ 17מ0א)מ 'וווא 1/79 53 ]20[ )2( M~nicipalCo~ncil, )1( Board, Censship לקעהוצ,ו Ltd לק,/הוצ Noah 549/75 ]21[ Cited: Ce English 766 W.L.R [ [ Ball Hosen parte ex Dept. Home State Secretary.(ל ]22[ Cited: Sources Law Jewish 21..ץ 1, Ch. 91 vv. 4, Ch. 12, Yv. 3, Ch. Genesis ][לו 16..ץ 1, Ch. Deuteronomy ][. Isserles) Moshe (Rkbi Harama Response ]([ : Petitioner Behalf 0ם Brixman.ס Adv. Shfman; 7. Adv. 5975/92; 5974/92; Petitioners Behalf 0ם 5.0א Respondents Tsemel.[ Adv. Rosenthal;.א Adv. Feldman;.ג Adv. 6263/92 14) 7/93: 63/92; Petitioners Behalf 0ם Dekoar.א Adv. 64/92: Behalf Petitoner 0ם Riadh.א Adv. 97/93: 629/92,32, 0ם Behalf Petitioner Nsar.ס Adv. : 29/93 Petitioners Behalf 0ם Bolos 0. Adv. 6263/92: 34 0ם BehalfRespondents Slonim.ט Respondents: Behalf 0ם AttneyGeneral Harish, 7. Adv. Department Justice court High Direct Arad,.א Adv. fice Athity's State

8 'Justice, 51Highcourt court Supreme JUDGMENT Introduction relate m accompanylng applications petitions se )( 1. Samaria Judea, resldents Decemr 171, Lebanon h inmation authities, governmental accding whom, strip, Gaza Jihad Islamic Ham active y effect sembled en ganisations. exceeded, reached, activitles whose those only reply, Respondents' Accding operations, )04ט administration local responsibility level disturbing merely engaged who those depted, en incitement) slogans. writing leaflets distributing peace, victims who Azoulai, Iris Toledano Nissim late Relatives )(ל proceedings joined Terr Victims ganisations, above family Fce. remain State taken steps requesting respondents, applied petitioner proceedings joined Katz Yehuda soldier missing missing i exchange include willingness 5 decl Government clalming petitions, joined Path Shai Adv. expelled. persons Lebanon request 1992, Decemr 251, refuse competent Government y place deptees supplies ald transfer cross Red %10טת Lebanon. staying set: at petitions additional se position our explain would We families Azoulay Toledano petitions relates Insar )1( same positions ir, Tew Victims

9 those apply 1עי low context t us stated everything ree State, petitions. family Katz application us~ e decld h Attney~General As )2( go can we stage t conslder did we Government considered ing 1 yond however, petition; Path's Adv. bis legal regards dubious We )3( any deptees aid medical question appnt come h meanwhile up taking present Government matters those amongst event additional sald consideration ree, stage, t cross~ Red %10טח superfluous. come h petition sections: following divided 1,י statements our 2. ganisation Ham description 04ט background, Factual )( ganisation. Jihad Islamic expulsion bis legal expulsion )(ל Respondents. accding arguments. Petitioners' )0( expulsion. legality Conclusion )4( Jihad Islamic Ham murder kidnapping brutal carried Ham 1992 Decemr 131, )( 3. five an caused ganisation week, same Toledano. Nissim late kidnapping Acts m. preceded had murder acts climax deaths, ganisation, objective dominant central expressed murder State 420ט41ט ab bring factions, 5 ganisation Jihad Islamic en years recent ganisations Those war). holy ) Jihad through

10 7ס shooting, strangulation axes, stabbing, wounding, murder responsible victims amongst pe~etrats; path fallen who soldiers )1,15 ganisations se me. years 70 people old girl Old year m, accding who, territones occupied residents Arab tens many murdered nms personal disloyalty entities i contact 'having suspected philosophy. ganisations' accding m bound conduct great bed us~ submitted en h 01ק expert's Accding )(ל quoted statements 1..ש ganisations, se publications manifest extent Islamic extreme most combines ganisation secret Ham m, recognition arrangement any opposition absolute fundamentalism Islam ט exist arlse 1,י ( State destruction preaches Covenant). Ham quoted predecesss 5 wiped just ~ wipes whole state Islamic reinstatement ganisation object lieves Ham ( River Jdan Sea Mediterranean Palestine a part any 20] Neir time. end ט trust Muslim Palestine L holds law) (Islamic Sharia Islamic principle T surrendered... can third quoted Muslims ce conquered country any regards good m )714(, War Holy 19(. August 1, dated Covenant Ham chapter achieve means immediate sole murder, )4ט struggle, armed principles suwender amounts entitf i accomodation any goal; religion. Islamic add who personalities religious local relies ganisation 1propaga religious foundation conceptual inte~retations decisions religious who pressions free memrs include adherents 1 tew. acts legitimation 5 necessary resources supply arrange activites ganisation's guide sources sewe ganisations front aided ganisation activitles. etc.). funds, (transfer action covert camouflaging manpower mobilising

11 taitous escalatlon, process constant terr murder acts feature sting mentloned, already murder, pu~ose kidnapping activities. ganisation's proclamations. 1 emerge ganisation objectives maln 1: [%, 1992 Oct 5th 91 Proclamation clarify people Islamic Arab OUI mses upon calls Ham rejectlon autonomy device rejectlon position: ir dems Ham enemy. 221 relatlons nonnalisation concerned countrles Arab 1 PLO leadership negotiations draw enemy 221 negotiations against Jihad 5ל people Palestinian alongside st subjugation. success ir Brigade Elksem Eladin As Halal brave congratulates Ham me calls occupier 221 soldiers against Jerusalem Gaza attacks attacks. heroic appears: psage following 1992, Decemr 5th 93 Proclamation weak, overcome 1,י strong only iron r 1,י iron proclaims Allah 1ט2ט Jihad Jihad decision firm decision firm victy. Jihad, contin~e,0 promise ;(ו renews Ham, movement, Yo~r occ~piers vjolence OF docile s~rrender despite follows: calls participating countries Arab dem 5ל stresses Ham dems respond draw process, negotiating

12 ונ 20]21ש boycott economic halt enemy 221. relatlons murder kidnapping following 1992, Decemr 141, Proclamation following: included Toledano, Nissim Late m~rs death Jihad empe We foft means only ןצ strategy method ם adopted h Ham ab bring 1,י alone t Palestine, liration promised We arrogance. shatter enemy OUI collapse constantly develop 1, escalate jihad, our continue Allah our upon call We activites. military sacred our enemy su~nse escalate factions 2( (Islamic Palestinian 1 brethren potential people's our 1 concentrate Jihad activities l pillaged our turn enemy fighting front fire. invaders conquering destroy 1,י volcano tween war state context ficer capture enemy, 221 brigades our people our Palestine, 1,י aw well people our act, first 0( (Emp Almighty. help lt seen can activists Ham image spiritual Expression Haim Lage Decemr end murder ab statements congratulaty %51, Elaziz Dr. deptees, spokesman chief Nahmani, January 41, character 5 different factions,20 1וי Islamicjihad movement, )(( t publications 1 leaders 5 statements emerges objects. prime State embodied entltf Jewish 221 vlews movement given h too movement t 1, liquidate action immediate advocates enemy terr. murder acts dozens ambitions 5 expression

13 Orders Deptation weeks first activitf Ham Increlng background Against )( 4. follows: decided 1992, Decemr leth Government, 1992, Decemr matters Sec~rity 456. ןצ a~thity Matters, Sec~rity National Committee ial 7מ immediate iss~e reg~lations emergency make,0 given terr acts inciting persons exp~lsion follows: abstention) one majitf, ( decided public safeguard emergency state existence view )( empower Prime instruct securitf issue strip Gaza Samaria Judea, commers milltary, relating needs secunty immediate vltal, accdance residents those inciters, depting pu~ose notice, pri such action, such )1ח life human endangering actlon, ir, who tewity years. two exceeding but commers, milltary determined period against days, 60 in may, ae departed person Any )(ל advocate family t memr through special. down laid rules accdance who Comm, Central Commer decision, Following Sourn Commer Samaria, Judea Fces IDF Commer published Strip, Gaza Fces IDF Commer who Comm, (Judea Provision) (Tempary Deptation Tempary relating provisional (Tempary Deptation Tempary 1992 Order, 13( ).0א Region) Samaria wding (, ).0א Region) strip (Gaza' Production) low: set Samaria Judea 17ces '

14 14 P~ovision) (Tempary Deptation TempaFy Orde~ en having Fces, IDF Commer power my virtue By existing presently circumstances special due satisfied, here 1 require, 50 reons securitf decisive tewity, follows: provision, Definitions Order t ; s, (Emergency) means 'regulations' pursuant means ' ' period limited ce s, 1)1( years. two exceeding Implementation immediately cawied may 1 2. issued. Appeals 1)( provisions Notsting )( 3. pu~ose established shall s s, person me appointed shall memrs whose Order t me. empod chairman sewe shall court military judge qualified legally 1 )(ל. an

15 75 brought hear power shall ל )0( revoke, approve may e rein. specified period reduce Appeals only may against 2ג )( 4. days 60 in issued. ing conducted shall delirations )(ל camera. ~ carried en h Where )0( absence consider shall deptee. e represented entitled shall deptee )4( relative. advocate signature. its date commence shall Order T )( 5. provision ט ce remain shall Order T )(ל me. Deptation Tempary referred shall Order T 6. 13(, Region)Order).0א Provision)(JudeaSamaria (Tempary Decemr 161, Brigadier Yatom, Danny Samaria Judea Fces IDF Commer

16 1 some similar, strip Gaza 1ח wding Samaria. Judea published modifications, insignificant provision 0ח bed expulsion relating sald )(ל 1945, s, (Emergency) 1 tewities. law domestic part 5 Government Maty British follows: provide aesald 1 provisions relevant Deptation tewity Fces Defense Commer )1( 1. herein h under ח make empod shall ) s se refewed person Any territy. occupied person any slde remaln shall whom ce. long 50 territy occupied sub provision under appointed advisy Any )( person any requested 50 1, )4( regulation s, se under whom commer recommendations make delirate empod. connectlon territy 1945, s, (Emergency) us e dispute 0ח en h re each ce law domestic part 1, including legislative summary see Samaria, Judea regards ( territies occupied J~dea ןמ 17ces IDF Commer.,ו Nazal ]1[ 513/5 1ח ty 5 law Maty British strip, Gaza 1ח ]1[. ) Nazal (here Samaria, rein. included 1,1ת 50 1ח applies

17 7ד referred emerges quotation, above From )(( reons, security decisive ansen had circumstances special awangements: main following provided most. at years two ce 1 ) ( can s 1 under )2( 1 lssue. immediately namely spot, 0ח cawied ~ carried available only WOUld )3( lssue date days 60 up ח submit possible would 1.,.ש January 131, amendment ח revoked limitation day 60. power would ח such pu~oses )4( recommendation. merely ח decision, binding make could who deptee, absence heard would )5( relative. advocate ח represented vested power exercised actually commers, 0ח Following )4( follows: m, 39 issued, 24 Samaria, Judea 1ח 2 strip, Gaza 1ח months. 24 period rest months 1 period 24 period rest months 1 period 0 issued, added, but drawn, subsequently 7 numr, 1 months. expelled. persons 4 altoger effect following stayed temparily gan Decemr leth 0ח 171, 0ח ide set court~ t interim petitions, first 0ח.1ח issue toger 1992 Decemr

18 7~ carry decided authity milltary applied cntenon )(ש bed personal, selection namely, one; individual State's stated As. cidates each regarding inmation us: submitted reply written part took whom some individuals, involved Those 49. guidance, violence acts suppt ganisation activites sisted s acts. such preaching incitement ganisational ecomomic sphere ganisations distribution ralsing personnel, mobilisation infrtructure, ir ganising proclamations wding funds circulation. people qiy err, included, deptees transpired, (מ identity whom person an, en had whom against whom against persons process legal under persons 2ש en had ew first expel intended whom conducted, ing proceedings court taken. ing already proceedings legal exhausting m 14 persons, return willingness 5 announced Government returned. en already reto agreed who Position Respondents' carried duly may Respondents position 5. submit opptunitf allowing provisions emergency pursuant cause above, quoted 1)( pursuantto reto, pri emergency pressing re namely necessitf, re terms practical )( ; required conditions could pri circumstances, such terms, legal )(ל legislative express down laid commers cause, dispensed

19 19,סי alternative, ; prl expulsion pennitting lssue t provislon recognises court~ precedents expressed, State law departure pennit circumstances, securitf extreme, exceptions Respondents context t. a 04ט, inherent an obsewance 1/65 E.A. Sussman Judge Agranat President judgment alia inter refewed ]2[ Committee, Elections Central Knesset Sixth Chairman (Yarad opposite 63 ]3[, Cens, 'Military Chief, (Schnl~itzer 60/.(.ת ן judgment (. letter Arguments Petitioners' void Petitioners argument central )( 6. Provisions Tempary (namely empowering cause both reon, dual course occurred defects various cause ןמ,אס ab V01d Order). individual issuing absence, alleyed particular referred Petitioners reon, first regard With allow 50, pri deptee denying bis legal sufficient a e place, takes e, objections raise him 1] 1945, s, (Emergency) 1)( under operating תל (accding Justice court High e re desires 50 he Commer Mesalem 1361/137/91 court t delineated opposite 453, ]4[ J~dian Ab~ StFft Gaza ןמ 7צש)עס7ג7גנג.)ע letter i law international public both contrary act )(ל severally: jointly law, administrative )1,1 Protection relate Convention Geneva Fourth 49 Article )1( particular. ms expulsion generally expulsion prohibits War time Persons Kame 320/9.(.(ת e grants law i )2( Lavadi ]5[, ) Kame (here, 72/,,ו

20 20,סי quoted 454/, 35,. ]6[ Bank, West IDF 17ces Commer securitf denied ח law, i down laid, T rein). territy. occupied 1ח0ש Karbutli (here,, Karb~tli,לעו 7/4 Following )0( furr 0ח void Petitioners pleaded ]1[ ) set only Order Provisions Tempary under s namely ground,. carried e exist ח did y 1..ש, up As argument. lt t accept cannot we stage t already ק We 0ח bed ) ( apply low, specify shall we Petitioners re, )( Subregulation aesald. 1 provisions set s refers, provision detennining view continue date 04ט time, existence en 1)4(, under up. cawied Conclusions Legal examination. requlring matters following 7. law. domestic part s 1 validity )( implemented. 1 may When )(ל regulation. pursuantto )0( provisions. valldity exceptions )4(. valldity )(ש. implementation (מ

21 deals 1945, s, (Emergency) 1. Gaztrip, JudeaSamaria law valld legalprovision, country, ce region ( laws part law applicable since concerning 1907 Convention Hague Aurex 43 wds, ce continued Warf). L Customs Laws law, Jdanian provisions derived 01צ Mate, British during Law derived similar h Fces IDF entry since related year same Proclamation (, ).0א Proclamation Administration implementation 455(..ק ]4[, 13637/91, (see strip Gaza power Fces, IDF entry since, law domestic 1 commer. regional authity inmation specific bed present accding, conslderations individual namely deptee, each one single each bis existence indicated Respondents, each, personal set but collective 20 re means T deptees. requirements meets independently, exists low. discussed s, conclusion legal departure justify did us addressed arguments 9. bed 1 implementation hind sting discretion stated ( s contained conslderations public, securitf grant effectual necessary rein, suppression public maintenance, State defence deptee, relating data individual provided 0(, rellion uprising, foundation give, making e Fces IDF Commer presented unequivocal clear, deptee each relating evidence act. such 655(. ]1[, Nazal see persuive,, consultative aesald down lays 1)( )(. against s pu~oses 1)4( under appointed recommendations make examine empod, 42%ש administrative

22 2נ ח such 'whom 1ח person requested ifso connectlon. en h held wher speci~ ח does authities Maty British. cawied e way emerges lieved, s carried e ח hear dutf 0מ re implemented, absence too~ (when s heard consultative n ~ under. cawied en had only deptee) just, 1)4( under acted same 1)( against s heard 50 1, e than rar detention s heard implementation. 5 e, than rar, too n State, years early law inferred learnt can As pri, ח event, grant practice ח /גם 25/52, implied example )1, esylng ]9[; Interi,,ו Ahhman Ta 240/51, ][; Interi, Badar /52, ][; Prison, Acre S~perintendent Ab~Dah~d 174/52,. ] [ Interi, administrative constitutlonal 1ח occurred developments However, including rule 0ח conferred decades recent 1ח law ןמ place takes 1)( under consultative prl means essential ח rule, established ח status advance. make Commer justification examination rules one law administrative field pri vlewed courts 290/65, 03; ][ Interi, 3/5,Berman, naturaljustice.(.(ת NationalLabo~r GingoId 654/7, 33; ]13[ Gan, Ramat May Eliaar 363(; ][, State.,ו Schapira 76/.גו cr. 654; ]14[ Trib~nal, 41/9 stated, pri regards 63, ]16[ Comm, So~rn Commer ןמ

23 Jewish ] [ foundation source ש saw ש sages tradition, 9 Verses 4, Chapter ; Verses 3, Chapter (Genesis, humanity ]16[ furr 16(; ][ה Verse 1, Chapter Deuteronomy, 21; 1, ][ stated: 63 page, (Shakshir 265/(.(.(ה 497/ stated, present regards As [ [ Bank, West ןמ '17ces ID17 Commer occioned determent farreaching grave Aw place him expelling reon concerned person procedure, special down laid h legislature resldence, 1)( 1)4( s through law, criminal known, consultative accding s, ing powers 5 amongst established, lawyer, headed 04ט 1 deptee against existing inmation 1 examine posession privileged, unrestigated wher evldence, 1 opptunitf deptee gives T authities. Defense him allow must arguments evldence submit affect might witnesses those 1] half, witnesses call evldence examining After. result consultative attneys, ir parties arguments regards Commer Military recommendation 5 makes decides, Commer 1]... relevant come cancel, consultative 01ק 1 he recelving open implementation, 5 upon 51 Justice. court High petition deptee submit grants 1)( accding inte~retation legal )0( Kame length considered implementation e ]5[.

24 24 Halhoul Hebron mays involved ]5[ Kame murder following 1אTamimi, Rajahb Mosque, Ibrahimi 1א Imam Cave 1נ prayers returning 19 May 224 who, Jews RIX Hebron BrigadierGeneral ing upon Immediately Machpela. pu~ose supposedly homes, ir taken three Eliezer, Ben Benjamin meet golng y told n y commer. regional talks b Lebanese helicopter flown y instead validity against court t petitioned spouses ir b. over expelled re. show required authities pursuant issued 21 2ג had deptees) ( y since ide... set ttwhy cause objections ir state opptunitf fair given en allowed 1)(... mentioned consideration implemented. expulsions e e appear those arguments explained Attney State Kame regard prescrid law knew responsible authities, legal consultatlon decided, had y although 1)(, contents, 5 notice sewice th implement three sald immediate obliged ansen had 510ט cause region. situation securitf escalation dangerous prevent leaders ~ carried en had court~ stated representation State. e hold,י would vlew justice natural rules accding, held Lau President re meaning reonable 1)(, wding immediately applying opptunitf grant dutf new cawied en h After. carried e deprived re he b over already deptee when arlses, situation. put objectto ability

25 25,סי emerged understood how T Bsam ing, an reply 's most en had even Lau, President wds Nablus. may Shaka, securitf, reons pressing respondents, eyes desirable disregard... ir justi~ did delay, any implemented 9(..ק )1,.41ל law obsewe necessitf. lde set תו see,0מ did Lau President iless, Neverl time existence already consultative court t ground void conclude appropriate ree revoked 42%ש 7/4(,,(לו Karb~lti applied detention time exist did )4( 1 under cause. carried apply denial ק main ק Lau's President but, revocation retroactive,0מ does require pri petitioners placing namely reinstatement, wrong remedy crect apply deprived en y had en would y situation 1א Imam State against incitement open evidence vlew. where deptee, relief extend appropriate find,0מ did court Tamimi, President ( judges majontf Milchem), (Kame two SOU1searching, much, Lau President decided, Kahan) Yitzhak Judge e appear two those allow recommendation President result agreed mentloned, Kahan, Yitzhak Judge event. express 01,0מ does 1)( although added but reached, Lau, e allowed provision consultative allowed person generally rule 01ק but statute, founded rule T implemented. e Denial fairly. act authity every oblige courts down laid principles. fair person's denying similar apply situations emergency co~ld re him, accding However, shall We priitf. given interest, 1ץ contrary bow must low. t aiscuss

26 2,סי since absolute, lieved dissenting, Cohen, Haim Judge manner view expulsion viewed void. hadendealt namely discharge,ןו majitf,decidedש court~ree, petition,makingfollowingrecommendation: dismiss appointed (namelyconsultative if tt finds0% s) under1)4( prima, 1, application petitioners' second first part position clear contains relevant facie military laws obsewe 42% y where petitioners personalities public activities ir administration 01%1שת statements reference unequivocal contains stage next n media name ir published e personally appear allowed petitioners explanations, al ir impression gain allow 5(. 4.קק )1,.41ל initially adopted en manner cross Red through applied indeed mays depted two returned y 1,, Following requirements. met affidavits 1 held consultative spot. arrested Bridge Allen ץ arguments ir e apped counsel Petitioners' Bridge. activitles. ir ab Anny half submitted infonnation heard, upheld. dismissed heard dismissed. too petition new court t applied petitioners again. once cawied n legal modify sought Respondents, present )(. expressly provisions regarding enacting infrtructure consultative applying possibility allowing expulsion, immediate permit.

27 2ד,סי 1עי court t occlon one than me pt explained We )(ל re valldity administration milltary act legalitf revlew wher decide law, administrative i principles accdance.,ו 1,,ם Ab~ 69,493/,( (HC obsewed en ficer public i 1421ל 205תח Region Gaza Commissioner, toms.,ו Kanzil Commer, Regional Samaria J~dea 231. ]1[, Comm re: stated regarded generally ficer concerned, court t far 50 perfonned h he 1] dutf fulfilled having required me since law, international 205תח necessitated sphere act he authity, i him, fair delineate rules accdance administration milltary do war laws example, F procedures. administrative proper mulated, let established wher principle, any disclose but ~, obsewe duty re accding dutf does 1] dutf... 1 fulfil 1,י authity i accdance granted where circumstances law. administrative nms our we ', a grant aesald, requires law administrative i Government results irrevocable serlous me stated already objections state allowed affected person essential me decision, 35/ (see m refute try 50 him against allegations answer give 540(. 19[ [ Comm, Central Commer (יע, person than rar idiary interme( arguments ~over, Me( )(( counsel Statements practicalitf. value deficient inherently concerned an half statements making person when ce ir some lose inmation, him obtain concerned person meet first cannot rinely him consulting continue instructions, guidance

28 2ה,סי, bis him against raised allegations factual e appearance, Personal exact knows alone he sought, reply, whom person. essence foundation en deptees selection identity, mistaken s acute me course event, us e matter discovered regiments fon~ard put opptunitf gwing imptance regards conclusion re etical only possibility re. e directly 2 mistake re appnt come could s e apped concerned person, justification. stated accding 1, argument fon~ard put Respondents )(. state interests vital ןמ circ~mstances re law, administrative principles carrylng e, PFIOF ם hold,0,ממ over prevail sec~rity namely values, competing se balancing wds~. weight, special circumstances security when needs securitf versus only but canylng advance exercised constitutes n immediately power exercise need subsequently, follows: argument State's )5ו incontestable, 5, authities securitf 01ק Meover, 31. people hundreds cany attempt any immediate way than (rar pattern previous accding likely territies, 5 deptees whilst expulsion), aimed vlolence, incitement wave sewices very rise give %(10ץ domestic (both pressure creating alia inter m. expel intention resculd State pt bis appraised, could context, t 32. spread likely incitement wave such experience,

29 29,סי prlsons centres detention street 2ש1ק ying Gaza strip. Samaria Judea, times existence, argument foundation lay AttneyGeneral, pri granting principle maj depart, M~nicipality Tiha Petach ןמ מםמ]מ7נ Lik~d ( 1/79 53 alia inter referred stated: where 576(, ]20[ Co~ncil, M~nicipal Tiha Petach lde set constraints necessitf Principles naturaljustice. rules application rept: ק held, where mentloned, ][ 76/0 Cr.A. decision makes authity administrative s where re valid can decision partf interested protects decision interest happen when 1,י T one. whole interests context weight greater specific imptance Granted. interest than gotten, principle balanced interests generalitf one only ed. rule existence exception bounds delineating 35/ securitf, realm matters, operational purely : ]19[, judicial circumstances military operational indeed re nature time place )51ש review carries 2ט military when example, circumstances; overcome obstacle remove must scope operation ces military attack spot respond opposition circumlike time, place taking operation )1,15, operational sees authity milltary competent stances

30 30,סי such matter, nature very By action. immediate need operation military delay room 20 re circumstances spot. cawied must issue t say went we 640(:.ק )1נ ]16[, 41/90 eus~where Military existed ttsllch circumstances ט meures different many tried period lengthy Commer act prevent could m none him appnt came location streets 1421,י narrow cause murder grave T safeguarded. victim life allow did action obliges risk life human situation uncontrollable prevent immediately life human safeguard spot directed Commer Military s, such recuwence e circumstances, such argument Among. action taking delay 1י, implementing descrid court~ t hold necessary period life human risk substantial constitutes petition, requested necessary taking possibility frustration concern real example t judgment. our 7 paragraph detailed action, value over priitf takes life human presewing value supreme values two se tween balance T. system. legal our value supreme Kahan Yitzhak Judge considered exception existence )(ל Witkon Judge statement referred He ]5[. Kame 01ק separate accding 760(, ]21[, Board, Review 771מע Cinema Company 771מע Noah 549/75 : license cancel need situations course re great 50 consideration due err granted permit complied partem alteram audi rule even urgent cancellation. decision invalidate hesitate court

31 ע. חו JusticeYitzhakKahanfurrstated: AdministrativeLaw, wk learnedauth,h.w.r. Wade, ו 2 (Oxd,41, ed., ק., ,) וfollowingstated2 tregard: 'Sometimes urgentactionmay taken ground public health safetf, example selzedestroybad meatexposed sale removalhospital person presumption circumstances ו 2 infectiousdisee. ת suchs nmal must given rebutted.50 where police arrests'., obviousreons, act urgency,e.g. ו 2 making ו2 examplea ג 2 reonssafeguardingpublicsecuritf court rules י Englו 2 justified natural justice, canfound judgmentו 2, ן. Secretary StatefOFHomeDepartment, exparte Honsenbal, )1977( ו 2 ]22[. וhadresided2 Americanjournalistwhoתissuedagainst Engl substantial period time,homesecretaryrefuseddisclose1 ו.2 consequence וmaterial2 details judgment court Appeal,petitiondismissed court did disclose details reons. 1amsure wewould adjudicated Englishcourt Appeal did ו 2, but t instancedoes וshoweven2 peacefulengl, doesface danger war, court י, prefer public interest 2 securitf principles natural justice. One may certainly do 50 when state emergency involved obliges immediate action. As learned auth Garner ו 2 states ע.. 7 Administrative Law )]4, 51 ed., 144 ( 1979(: ' full panoply natural justice does ו 2 obsewed where t would contrary 2 security'.

32 3נ occlon one than me 00 held en h too States United action immediate when emergency, states s certain way give must Schwartz,.ה See interests. public imptant safeguard necessary authity alja inter re states auth learned 1976(, Tonto, (Boston Law Administrative. 22 pages following justification complete itself emergency, emergency '1ם need way give must heard actlon. summary public. protection immediate safetf. health public danger involves emergency tfplcal s. safetf health limited 001 exception emergency But 1)( obsewed Lau President ]5[ Kame 1ם )(( re, inte~retation, existing accdance implemented 001 could modification revocation proposed could respondents Cohen.ה Judge accding too 50 ;)א letter opposite.ק )1,.41ל legislation regard obsewations those Obviously,.)ס letter opposite 7,.ק )1,.41ל lde set sought circumstances relate legislation possibility legislation than rar s, exceptional defined pu~oses altoger. revokes imposes source same lieved h, 00 Kahan,.ץ Justice one 14%ם whoever 1.,.ש 1,, revoke may prohibition legislation than rar precedent way can who one ןמ,א ab obsewed recognised. can rule exceptions circumstances what determine option, legislative advance refer time t sought Respondents )4( permitting provisions enactea eatified, y, ing, issue immediately provisions vlew our 1ם. carried only ancuitable 0 Ifre looks one way ever anything, subtract n add neir present accdance taken can action, pri exception

33 exception 20 ifre provislon; need 0מ re exception question regards As.4י event any provislon, relating rules exist exceptions wher do exceptions such effect law stated, already we proceedings, secuntf needs tween balance result y exist,. exception wher question view take here הו seen We accding accept we since herein, circumstances existed pri 20 ifre Kahan).ץ Lau Justice (per ]5[ Kame rule opptunity gwing object sewing held, subsequent, pri absence 4,ש present concerned person. individual invalidate se per does can wds~ t valid, m present 0ש amending 13. dutf legal 20 re determine commer milltary 0ש securitf implemented? e obsewe validity question above, paragraph contents view find power meaning: legal practical devoid comes Order Provisions Tempary dem exigencies, concrete specific exception re inherent event any, granting e action immediate sought. where power exercise authity question answer shall we picture, complete 50 However, Provision: Tempary such legislation, general validity connection arrangement, nonnative new detennine pu~ted Order If must where existence circumstances, concrete special dependence vested powers vires ultra would n event, any advance examined general modification ab bring cannot 0ש Securitf Commer. Military fundamentals views system legal our law, administrative nms established r~le, ם detennine, sought Provision Tempary justice. natural

34 חו ע. 34 henceth any expulsion can implemented periodת ש 14 granting pri, n does 001 grant legalitf new arrangement. On1y concrete exceptional circumstances can create different balance tween conflicting s values, such circumstances 001 detailed חו wding Tempary Provisions. Order laid down general חו remain י, 1 arrangement ce 50 long Tempary Provision חו ce. חו wds, Order laid down limitation regards duration, although prescrid nothing connectlon חו defining exceptional concrete circumstances חו can restricted. re sweepingly 0 חו overall way abrogated, such power 001 vested חו Military Commer. To conclude t point, since Tempary Provisions sought convert valid general nm, anם 1 restriction delineation defined exceptional s, Tempary Provisions Order cannot regarded valid. As already explained, ם 0 significance regards power make. expulsion expressly 00 bis provisions 1)1( חו reliance 00 powers vested pursuant reto. sald Order relating Tempary Provisions did 001 create power make but refewed 1. F pu~ose herein, merely sought determine awangements regard Fight ; nothing me. We found provision ם 0 avall. power refrain granting pri ancillary provisions 1 חו accdance חו explanation paragraph above, need specific empowering legislation. 51 חוWereeinherentlybroughtbackprovisions1 parts, includingsubregulation1)( re.t means power make exists, way an agains takeplacecarriedי, 1 חוconducted accdance 1)(, inte~reted lawt court.

35 35,סי individual us e argued Petitioners 14.. lack apart m, obtaining defects reon V01d 1,. disputed Respondents e arguments such place present lieve We long 50. address may deptee, consultative ce. remains individual each decided, on~ise h consultative implementery awangements practical make now must Respondents. 1)( under operating consultative e appearance written say, requests; 50 who anyone s on~ise, cross Red International through deptee application applicant n, hear ked accding impression obtain enable e personally appear allowed perming justification examine explanations al he, e appearance Pending 'him. expulsion e deptee represent ks who counsel meeting personal allowed. g~arantee can IDF where place any 1 s hold may place. take properly can y practical make must Respondents aegoing, 1 pu~ose F re. charged authities decided details arrangements, us submitted notice States' descrid arrangements such commencement. here. stated 15ש along supp]~lemented y although, 1993 January 251, January1993, 251, notice Attney~General's takennote We every concerning inmation securitf consideration furr accding initiative time reonable 21,י given 1,י files who deptee Respondents.

36 3,סי ) n he ( 01shan Judge what referring conclude shall We 16. :.ק ]7[, Karbutli necessitates State secuntf cowect Whilst safeguard need than imptant less 20 detention person's neir toger, achieved can objectives both where, citizen's igned. n one conclusions: following reached unanimously we conclusion, 17. absence, expulsion personal regards find We 1 ) ( now We m. invalidate does pri above. detailed given paragraphs detailed reon void )2(. individual invalidate does conclusion T above. 13 )4( virtue issued, personal valldity against arguments )3( ae,, 1945 s, (Emergency) 1. consultative submitted 21. discharge petitions dismiss we ae, Subject 1993(. January )2, 5753 Shevat day eth t Given