Georgian National Voter Study

Transcription

1 Georgian National Voter Study MAY 2003 International Republican Institute (IRI) Baltic Surveys Ltd. / The Gallup Organization Institute of Polling and Marketing (IPM) With funding of United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

2 MOOD OF THE COUNTRY 2

3 Generally speaking, things in Georgia are going in the... Right direction % Wrong direction 83% Don't know, no answer 6% 3

4 Over the last month, economic situation in Georgia has... Stayed the same 30% Improved somewhat % Improved a lot % Don't know, no answer 3% Worsened a lot 26% Worsened somwehat 28% 4

5 Over the last month, financial situation of your household has... Stayed the same 40% Improved somewhat 0% Improved a lot % Don't know, no answer % Worsened a lot 23% Worsened somwehat 25% 5

6 How satisfied are you with the way democracy is developing in Georgia? Somewhat satisfied 8% Somewhat dissatisfied 2% Very satisfied 2% Don't know, no answer % Very dissatisfied 40% 6

7 Do you believe that things will get better in a short time or it will take a long time to get better in the country? Not Long time sure/refused 76% % Short time % 7

8 Mood of the nation Hope that the future will be somewhat better 30% Not much hope for the future 20% Appathy % Belief that the future will be definitely better 24% No answer 5% Total disbelieve in any improvement 3% Insecurity, fear for future 7% 8

9 Mood of the nation Optimism 57% Neutral % Pessimism 22%

10 Are people in Georgia afraid or not openly express their political views? Nobody is afraid 32% No answer % Majority are afraid 5% Many are afraid 20% Some are afraid 32% 0

11 ISSUES

12 Most important issue Georgia is facing Standard of living Jobs, unemployement Territorial integrity Social problems Corruption Peace Law and order Basic services Energy Crime National unity Health care Relations with Russia First mention All mentions 4

13 Most important issue towns/villages are facing Jobs Basic services Standard of living Transport Sanitary situation Social problems Water quality, lack of Crime Agricultural issues Corruption Housing conditions Streets ligtening, appearance Industry deterioration Street vendors Refugees Famine, poverty Ecology First mention All mentions 3

14 Most important issue households are facing Standard of living Jobs 38 Social problems 5 Health care Basic services Housing First mention All mentions Education Water Damaged roads

15 Acceptability of social protest forms Acceptable Not acceptable No opinion Collecting the signatures for petition, letter Boycott Legal demonstrations Demonstrations without the permission 75 Legal strikes Strikes without the permission 74 Occupation of buildings or enterprises

16 Fear the most War 26 3 Political instability 3 8 Economic crusus, poverty 0 8 Future for youth 7 Territorial integrity Crime First mention All mentions Corruption 2 Health problems 3 Terrorism 2 Ethnic conflicts Natural disasters

17 POLITICS 7

18 Interest in politics High interest % Medium interest 22% Low interest 66% 8

19 5 Which political parties can deal most successfully and solve problems Georgia is facing? First mention All mentions Leiborist Party National Movement Agordzineba New Rights Citizens Union Industry will Save Georgia United democrats Communist Party Ertoba National Democratic Party No such party No answer

20 Voting intentions Leiborist Party National Movement 0 0 Democratic Revival Union 4 Citizens Union of Georgia 8 3 New Rights 7 8 Industry will Save Georgia 5 United Democrats Ertoba National Democratic Party Christian Democratic Union First choice Second choice Union of Justice Restore.2 Communist Party Socialist Party Round table.2 Traditionalist Union./ Peoples Party./.2 Christian Democratic Alliance./ None Would not vote 3 DK/NA 26 20

21 Voting intentions for the parliamentary elections Citizens Union of Georgia Socialist Party National Democratic Party National Movement Democratic Revival Union United Democrats Traditionalist Union Leiborist Party New Rights Peoples Party Ertoba Industry will Save Georgia Christian Democratic Union Union of Justice Restore Christian Democratic Alliance None DK/NA Would never vote for

22 Leiborist Party National Movement New Rights Industry will Save Georgia Democratic Revival Union Round table Communist Party Ertoba United Democrats Union of Justice Restore Christian Democratic Union Christian Democratic Alliance National Democratic Party Peoples Party Traditionalist Union Socialist Party Citizens Union of Georgia Parties potential (voting intentions % - never vote %)

23 Intentions to vote for election block New Georgia Never would vote or 47% DK/NA 23% Probbaly would not vote for 3% Probably would vote for % Definitely would vote for 6% 23

24 Political Leaders: ratings N.Burjanadze S.Natelashvili G.Topadze J.Patiashvili A.Abashidze M.Saakashvili L.Gachechiladze B.Patarkatsishvili Z.Zhvania D.Gamkrelidze M.Machavariani E.Shevarnadze Favorable Unfavorable Never heard of No answer E.Shevarnadze I.Menagarishvili A.Asatiani I.Sarishvili-Chanturia A.Jorbenadze B.Ivanishvili V.Lortkiparidze D.Berdzenishvili V.Rcheulishvili G.Chanturia M.Khazaradze L.Chanturia L.Mamaladze G.Absandze K.Chkhaidze

25 Preferred next President S.Natelashvili 5 J.Patiashvili M.Saakashvili 7 8 A.Abashidze 6 8 E.Shevarnadze 6 6 N.Burjanadze 5 7 Z.Zhvania G.Topadze A.Jorbenadze First answer All answers L.Gachechiladze I.Giorgadze B.Ivanishvili None 32 DK 25

26 Are you going to vote in the next parliamentary elections? Definitely no % Undecided 0% No answer % Probably no 5% Probably yes % Defintely yes 54% 26

27 Motives for voting (% from intending to participate) It is my duty 5 I care about party / candidiate I care about particular issue 7 I enjoy voting on an election day 3 Not to give a chance for a fraud 26 Other 2 No answer

28 Motives for not voting (% from not intending to participate) Not interested in politics 7 My vote does not change anything 3 Do not believe that elections will be fear 32 Don't have time Don't like any party or candidate Don't have enough information about parties or candidates 3 Other 5 No answer 28

29 Characteristics/Attributes Most Important in Parliamentary Candidate Taking care of people's interests Honesty Patriotism Just Education Experience Fight corruption Independent Kind Trustworhy Clever Professional First mention All mentions 37 2

30 When considering which party to vote for, what is more important? Party is more important 2% No answer 2% Leader is more important 6% 30

31 Characteristics/Attributes of political candidate Very important Important Not important No answer Education Personal character 86 4 Political experience 83 5 Ethnicity 63 Profession Age Party membership Material conditions Gender Appearance Regional identity 6 2 3

32 All other things equal, would vote for: Does not matter % No answer % More active, younger candidate 34% More experienced, older 54% 32

33 All other things equal, would vote for: Does not matter % No answer % Male 50% Female 4% 33

34 Should parties who are represented in the current government have their share in the new government after elections or should new parties (those who are in opposition or not in Parliament) govern? New parties should form ruling coalition 63% Ruling parties should stay in future ruling coalition % No answer 23% 34

35 Most important achievements of current government: Stability, peace Foreign policy 3 3 Bako-Geihan pipeline 8 Improvement of criminal situation Silk road Some economic achievements Freedom of speech / democracy More active Georgian army Regulation of Lari rate Slight social improvement Decoration of the cities Better communal services 35

36 Biggest failures of current government: Territorial problems, Abkhazia 3 Poor economy 25 Unemployement 7 Corruption 3 Worsening social problems 0 Don't care about people problems 6 Collapse of industry 5 Criminal situation 5 36

37 Most disliked features of Georgian politicians and parties Struggling in the Parliament False promisses Corruption Don't care about people 6 6 Too ambitious, emotionally unbalanced No respect for each other Selfishness Lack of cooperation Lack of intelligence Passiveness

38 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 38

39 Which countries are most important partners to Georgia? And which make most political and economic threat? Partners Threats USA Russia Azerbaijan Germany European Union Armenia Turkey 3

40 How important for Georgia is to solve the problems related to Abkhazia and South Ossetia Rather important 4% Not very important % Not at all important 0% No opinion 2% Very important 3% 40

41 Abkhazia and South Ossetia should be: Autonomies of Russian fedaration.4% Independent % No opinion 7% Ordinary regions of Georgia, without any autonomy 4% Autonomies of Georgian state %

42 Means to deal with the problems of Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Using force if necessary % Other % No opinion 5% Negotiations and peaceful means 80%

43 Regarding the railroad via Abkhazia, which of the following better suits Georgian national interests? Not to let open the railroad % No opinion % To open the railroad from Georgia to Russia through Abkhazia 70%

44 Motives for opening the railroad (% of people having such opinion) To help economy 26 Imroving connections with Russia Improve relatiosnhips between people 3 Makes travel easier To regain Abkhazia To help restore peace 3 To reestablish trade 2

45 Motives for not-opening the railroad (% of people having such opinion) It is dangerous till Abkhazia is not regained 38 Too dangerous untill relations between Georgia and Russia resolved At first jurisdiction of Georgia should be established 7 Will make relations between Georgians and Abkhazians worse 6 Georgia will loose territory 5 It is more in interests of Russia and Abkhazia 4 Economically not worth 2 This is the source for corruption 2

46 INSTITUTIONS

47 Confidence in institutions Favorable Unfavorable No opinion Church 80 8 Georgian media Education system Army Central Bank Political parties 68 3 President's office 72 Georgian Parliament Government (Cabinet of Minsiters) 7 74 Trade unions 47

48 Confidence in International institutions Favorable Unfavorable No opinion European Union NATO United Nations Commonwealth of Independent States

49 Evaluation of foreign relations with... Good Bad Neither good or bad No opinion USA Germany Azerbaijan European Union Armenia Turkey Russia

50 VALUES 50

51 36 Of the prominent Georgian people and characters in Georgian history and folk culture, who is most suitable to be a national hero or leader in current times? David Agmashenebeli Queen Tamara Joseph Stalin Ilia Chavchavadze Zviad Gamsahurdia Merab Kostava Giorgi Saakdze Erekle the Second Vachtang Gorgasali Shota Rustaveli Giorgi Brtskinvale Jiuli Shartava Hamlet Gonashvili Akaki Tsereteli Ekvtime Takaishvili Gia Chanturia Konstantine Gamsahurdia Cotne Dadiani Jumber Patiashvili Demetre Tavdebuli

52 Spheres of Life Very important Important Family Children Friends Work Religion Leisure time Politics 52

53 TOLERANCE 53

54 Do you agree that it is a good thing for society to be made up of people from different religions? Tend to disagree 58% Tend to agree 2% No opinion 3% 54

55 Georgia has always consisted of various cultural and religious groups Tend to agree 65% No opinion % Tend to disagree 23% 55

56 In order to be fully accepted members of Georgian society, people belonging to the minority groups must give up such parts of their religion or culture which may be in conflict with Georgian tradition Tend to agree 55% Tend to disagree 28% No opinion 7% 56

57 If there were to be more people belonging to religious minorities we would have a problem Tend to agree 67% Tend to disagree 8% No opinion 5% 57

58 Whether people belonging to religious minority groups can be fully accepted members of Georgian society depends on which group they belong to Tend to agree 4% Tend to disagree 3% No opinion 20% 58

59 Have you ever heard or read about any of these groups? (% of respondents who replied yes) Jehova's Witnesses 8 Mama Basili 76 Cross 25 5

60 Do these groups create serious problems for Georgian society or not (% of respondents who are aware of them) Serious problems Not serious problems No problems at all No opinion Jehova's Witnesses Mama Basili Cross

61 How should the problems created by Jehova's Witnesses solved? (% of respondents who are aware of this group and think this group creates serious problems) People should try to learn more about this group 5% Other 2% No answer % Government / church should ensure the freedom of expressing and practicing religion to all groups and religions in Georgia - both traditional and non-traditional 8% This group should be forbidden in Georgia 84% 6

62 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 62

63 Sources of political information TV news, programs 2 Articles in newspapers Relatives, friends Articles in magazines Radio news, programs 23 Colleagues at work Bilboards, stands in the streets Meetings with politicians Internet Leaflets, the other free information by post Other

64 Regularly read Georgian newspapers (Top 0) Kviris Palitra 2 Alia 24 Saati Rezonansi Asaval-Dasavali Axali Taoba Versia Kronika Sakartvelos Respublika Epoka None 52 64

65 Regularly viewed Georgian TV channels (Top 5) Rustavi2 86 Channel 84 Imedi Channel Ajara 6 None 8 65

66 Regularly listened Georgian radio channels (Top 5) Fortuna (06.) 0 Fortuna+ (03.4) 7 Georgian State Radio (02.) 4 Kartuli radio 3 Sakartvelos Khma - Voice of Georgia 2 None 72 66

67 Most trusted Georgian TV station news and political information (Top 5) Rustavi2 56 Channel 8 Imedi 4 Ajara 3 Channel 2 None 67

68 Most trusted Georgian newspaper news and political information (Top 6) Kviris Palitra 3 Alia 24 Saati 5 Axali Taoba 3 Rezonansi Asaval-Dasavali 3 3 None 7 68

69 Sources in election campaign Great influence Some influence Not much influence No influence at all Articles in the newspapers about candidates TV ads Leaflets Paid ads in press for the candidiate or party Radio ads 7 5 Visits of party or candidate representatives to home Personal letters to you from the candidate Billboards Slogans, text on transport Telephone call home Meetings with politicians 23 Meetings with/opinions of opinion leaders

70 Recall of means in last municipal election campaign TV ads 63 Leaflets Billboards Slogans, text on transport Articles in the newspapers about the candidiates Paid ads in press for the candidiate or party 20 Meetings with politicians Radio ads Meetings with/opinions of opinion leaders 5 3 Visits of party or candidate representatives to home 8 Personal letters to you from the candidate Telephone call home

71 TRUST IN ELECTIONS 7

72 Last municipal elections in 2002 were: No opinion % Free and fair % Not free and fair 65% 72

73 Parliamentary elections in 2003 will be: No opinion 2% Free and fair % Not free and fair 50% 73

74 How fraudulent were municipal elections in 2002? (mean score, 5 - very fraudulent, 0 - not at all fraudulent) All Male Female 8-2 y.o y.o. 50+ y.o. Tbilisi Kakheti Shida Kartli Kvemo Kartli Samtskhe Javakheti Achara Guria Samegrelo Imereti Mtskheta-Tianeti

75 How fraudulent parliamentary elections in 2003 will be (mean score, 5 - very fraudulent, 0 - not at all fraudulent) All Male Female 8-2 y.o y.o. 50+ y.o. Tbilisi Kakheti Shida Kartli Kvemo Kartli Samtskhe Javakheti Achara Guria Samegrelo Imereti Mtskheta-Tianeti

76 Is the Georgian government implementing anti-fraud measures for the parliamentary elections in 2003? Government is implementing such measures No, it is not No opinion All Male Female 8-2 y.o y.o. 50+ y.o. Tbilisi Kakheti Shida Kartli Kvemo Kartli Samtskhe Javakheti Achara Guria Samegrelo Imereti Mtskheta-Tianeti

77 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS 77

78 Gender Male % Female 54% Age groups 8-2 % 50+ % 30-4 % 78

79 Higher, incomplete higher 36% Education Primary 2% Unfinished secondary 6% Vocational 23% Secondary 33% Widow % Marital status Other 3% Single % Married 72% 7

80 Middle 3% Financial self-evaluation Well-ff 2% No answer 2% Poor 65% Four % Household size Five and more 20% One 7% Three 22% Two 30% 80

81 Occupation Blue collar 7 Farmer White collar 20 Executive Pensioner 7 Student 4 Housewife 7 Unemployed 20 Other 2 State sector 7% Sector of employment Nongovernmental Organization % Private sector 8% Doesn't work 64% 8

82 Once a week 0% Attendance of religious service Once a month % Few times a year % Few times a week 3% Every day % Never % Muslim % Gregorian 3% Other 2% Religion Catholic % Orthodox 83% 82

83 Membership in organizations Member of political party 3% None 7% Member of NGO.3% Ownership of real estate or other private property Another real estate or property 23% None 5% Only appartment/house were lives 62% 83

84 Other % Ethnicity Russian % Armenian 6% Georgian 84% Azeri 8% Language spoken at home Georgian 86% Azeri 7% Russian 3% Armenian 4% 84

85 Tbilisi 33% Type of settlement Big cities % Medium/small cities % Rural % Shida Kartli 7% Kvemo Kartli 0% Samtskhe Javakheti 4% Achara 7% Guria 3% Samegrelo % Imereti 5% Region Tbilisi 33% Mtskheta-Tianeti Kakheti 3% % 85

86 Political self-identification Undecided 47% Left 3% Center % Right % 86

87 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS OF POLITICIANS (RATINGS) Share of sub-groups in social groups by the rating (e.g., among people with favorable opinion to politician X, % male+% female=00%)

88 A. Abashidze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

89 G. Absandze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

90 A. Asatiani Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

91 D. Berdzenishvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

92 N. Burjanadze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

93 D. Gamkrelidze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

94 L.Gachechiladze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Se condary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Se rvice attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Fe w times/year Never Type of se ttlement Tbilisi Big cities Me dium/small cities Rural

95 G. Topadze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

96 B. Ivanishvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

97 V. Lortkipanidze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

98 L. Mamaladze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

99 M. Machavariani Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

100 I. Menagarishvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

101 S. Natelashvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

102 B. Patarkatsishvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

103 J. Patiashvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Se condary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Se rvice attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Fe w times/year Never Type of se ttlement Tbilisi Big cities Me dium/small cities Rural

104 Z. Zhvania Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

105 V. Rcheulishvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Fe male Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowe st Medium Highe st Se rvice atte ndence O nce a week or more Once a month Few times/ye ar Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

106 M. Saakashvili Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

107 I. Sarishvili-Chanturia Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Se condary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Se rvice attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Fe w times/year Never Type of se ttlement Tbilisi Big cities Me dium/small cities Rural

108 E. Shevarnadze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

109 K. Chkhaidze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

110 L. Chanturia Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence O nce a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

111 G. Chanturia Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

112 M. Khazaradze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

113 A. Jorbenadze Favorable Unfavorable No opinion ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Once a week or more O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

114 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS OF PARTIES SUPPORTERS AND OPPONENTS Share of sub-groups in social groups by the support and opposition (e.g., among people who would vote for party X, % male+% female=00%)

115 NEW RIGHTS Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Age 30-4 Education Secondary Income Medium Service attendence Once a week Few times/year Type of settlement Big cities Rural

116 UNITED DEMOCRATS Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. O nce a week Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

117 NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. Once a week Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

118 LEIBORIST PARTY Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. O nce a week Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

119 INDUSTRY WILL SAVE GEORGIA PARTY Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. Once a week Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

120 NATIONAL MOVEMENT Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. Once a week O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

121 CITIZENS UNION OF GEORGIA Supporters Opponents ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. Once a week O nce a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural

122 UNDECIDED GEORGIAN VOTERS Undecided ALL VOTERS Male Female Age Education Inc. secondary Secondary Higher Income Lowest Medium Highest Service attendence Few times/w. O nce a week Once a month Few times/year Never Type of settlement Tbilisi Big cities Medium/small cities Rural