Chapter 11 - Population

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1 Chapter 11 - Population Social Studies 11 Mrs Mactavish Images and notes graciously borrowed and adapted from Thielmann s Web River (

2 Part A - Population and Demography

3 Demography Statistical study of human populations Data collected via the census every 5 years (see news article) Babylonian census taker

it easier to compare one country to another) e.g.

4 Birth and Death Rates Birth rates: calculated by taking the total births per year and dividing this number by the total populatin size, then multiplying that by 1000 (makes it easier to compare one country to another) e.g. (100 births / 100,000 people) X 1000 = 0.1 (low!) Death rates, immigration and emigration rates are also calculated this way

2002/2003 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 r 2006/2007 p birth rate per 1,000 population Canada 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.8 Newfoundland and Labrador 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.5 Prince Edward Island 10.0 10.2 9.

5 2002/ / / /2006 r 2006/2007 p birth rate per 1,000 population Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Territory Northwest Territories Nunavut p : preliminary. r : revised. Note: From July 1 of one year to June 30 of the next year. Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM, tables (for fee) and , and Catalogue no X. Last modified:

6 Immigration In Canada, immigration has a large influence on population growth (also in USA and Australia) This results in a multicultural population :) Yay!

7 Population Rates Births - Death = Natural rate of increase (or decrease) Immigrants - Emigrants = Net Migration Natural Increase + Net Migration = Increase or decrease in population

Example Population is 100,000 200 are born (200/100,000 X 1000) = birth rate of 2 50 die

5 1000 people move in (1000/100000 X 1000) = immigration rate of 10 500 people move away

8 Example Population is 100, are born (200/100,000 X 1000) = birth rate of 2 50 die (50/100,000 x 1000) = death rate of people move in (1000/ X 1000) = immigration rate of people move away (500/ X 1000) = net emigration rate of 5 births (2) - deaths (.5) + immigration (10) + emigration (5) = = growth rate of 6.5

9 Rule of Seventy Population doubling time = how long it takes to double in size Doubling time = 70 / population growth rate

10 Map Study - this is the world

11 What does this map demonstrate?

12 Answer: Population!

13 How about this one?

14 Wealth or GDP

15 And this one?

16 Child Mortality Rates

17 ???????????????????????

18 Green House Gas Emissions

19 Last one!

20 People with HIV/AIDS

21 Part B: Modeling Population -The DTM

22 The Demographic Transition Model Demographic transition model: (DTM) describes population changes over time It is based on an interpretation begun in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson

Observations of the DTM Primitive societies experience high birth and death rates (poor healthcare, nutrition and sanitation) Improvement & development results in rapid population growth

23 Observations of the DTM Primitive societies experience high birth and death rates (poor healthcare, nutrition and sanitation) Improvement & development results in rapid population growth (reduced mortality, fertility stays the same) Societies react to this by lowering fertility rates (purposely limiting family size) Eventually a balance is struck and there is a net zero population growth

economically stable & higher cost of living compared to 3 =

24 Notes on the stages Very few are at stage 1 Nations at stage 2 and 3 are developing Nations at stage 4 are developed - economically stable & higher cost of living compared to 3 = fewer children Nations at stage 5 are shrinking in population size

25 DTM and Canada - dependency ratios

26 Impacts of the DTM on CAN Result = the sandwich generation high dependency ratios as baby boomers retire working class supporting a large population

27 Population Pyramids Population pyramid: graph that shows the age and sex structure of a population Cohorts: age intervals of five years in a pyramid, separated by sex Dependency Ratio: population supported by working age group (People aged 0-15 or 65+ that are supported by working age people )

28 Population Pyramids

29 Population Pyramids

30 Pyramids model our changing population

31 What can we learn? Birth and death rates are declining Older population is increasing Will be pressure on health care system as fewer young people to take care of the elderly/pay taxes to support Need immigration to fill the gap in workers

32 Classifying Pyramids - Early Expanding

33 Classifying Pyramids Expanding

34 Classifying Pyramids Stable

35 Classifying Pyramids Contracting

36 Part C: What to do about population growth?

37 Young Populations Developing countries More jobs are needed (many young people entering the job market) Economy needs to improve to provide jobs and help people escape poverty

38 One Child Policy To control the population problem, China offered incentives (cash, medical care, housing) to encourage one child Cut birth rates in half Created problems female infanticide pressure on farming communities forced migration to cities Little Emperor Syndrome Difficult to support aging population Smuggling

39 Vocabulary Words Ecumene: built up places on the earth Population density: concentration of people in certain areas (number of people living in a certain area) Arable Land: Farm land Carrying Capacity: number of people the land can support Nutritional density: number of calories produced in a specified area

Chapter 12. The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues.

Chapter 12. The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues. Chapter 12 Population Challenges Demography: The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues. Population Statistics for October, 2004, Land Area (Square Km.) And Population Density Canada