SINEENART WITAYAPICHETSAKUL

Transcription

1 STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT OF THAI AND CAMBODIAN FOOD AND HEALTH PRODUCT MERCHANTS IN BAN KLONGLUEK BORDER MARKET AT ARANYAPRATHET DISTRICT, SAKAEO PROVINCE, THAILAND SINEENART WITAYAPICHETSAKUL A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH BURAPHA UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2011 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY

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3 This research was partially supported by Burapha University Graduate School Research Fund Summer/ 2010

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to my major advisor, Associate Professor Dr. Koolarb Rudtanasudjatum, and my Co. Advisor, Assistant Professor Dr. Ronald Arthur Markwardt, also to Assistant Professor Dr. Pissamai Homchampa as an external principle examiner, for all of their guidance, and valuable advice throughout this study. Great appreciation is offered to all committee members and all experts involved in validating the instrument, Assistant Professor Dr. Saichai Puapan, Associate Professor Dr. Anamai Thetkathuek and Assistant Professor Pisamai Serekajornkicharoen. Respectful thanks to Suwat Mahatnirunkul, M.D., director of Suanprung Hospital for giving permission to use Suanprung Stress Test. I also would like to thank the health personnel and Thai and Cambodian food and health product merchants in Ban Klongluek border market at Aranyaprathet district, Sakaeo province, Thailand for their assistance and cooperation during the data collection. Sincere thanks also to the Graduate School, Burapha University for research fund support. Finally, great respect to thank all instructors at Burapha University for giving me various kinds of knowledge, and my parents, family, friends such as Miss.Nattacha Witayapichetsakul, Mr.Pisuth Boonsuk and others whose names are not mentioned here for all the supports in various aspects. Sineenart Witayapichetsakul

5 v : MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH; M.P.H. (PUBLIC HEALTH) KEYWORDS: STRESS/ STRESSOR/ STRESS MANAGEMENT/ MERCHANTS/ BAN KLONGLUEK BORDER MARKET SINEENART WITAYAPICHETSAKUL: STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT OF THAI AND CAMBODIAN FOOD AND HEALTH PRODUCT MERCHANTS IN BAN KLONGLUEK BORDER MARKET AT ARANYAPRATHET DISTRUCT, SAKAEO PROVINCE, THAILAND. ADVISORS: KOOLARB RUDTANASUDJATUM, Ph.D., RONALD ARTHUR MARKWARDT, Ph.D., 116 P This mixed method using both qualitative and quantitative was aimed to investigate stressor, stress and stress management among Thai and Cambodian food and health product merchants in Ban Klongluek border market. The key informant for in-depth interview was 26 subjects and sample size for interviewing with the questionnaires was 132 subjects by stratified sampling technique. The reliability coefficients of questionnaire were Data analysis was done by using SPSS for Windows by presenting mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The results revealed that most respondents said internal and external stressors sometimes occur; including health behavior, and emotional characteristic, family and relationship source, and other sources. The majority of sample stress level was moderately stressful (60.60%) and most of them were Cambodian (74.50%). For Thai and Cambodian merchants, older is more stressful than younger and couple/married is more than single. Most respondents said they sometimes do stress management: problem-focused coping, emotional-focused coping, positive reappraisal, and negative reappraisal. Among Thai merchants, couple/married use more problem-focused coping than single and divorced/ separated/widowed. Cambodian merchants, singles use more positive reappraisal than couple/married and divorced/separated/widowed. Both of Thai and Cambodian and each Thai merchants, single and divorced/separated/widowed are use more negative reappraisal than couple/married. Both Thai and Cambodian and each Thai merchants have significant variance in health behavior level and stress management regarding the use of problem-focused coping. Both of Thai and Cambodian merchants have significant variance in family relationship source level and stress management regarding the use of problem-focused coping and negative reappraisal. Thai merchants have significant variance in family relationship source level and stress management regarding the use of negative reappraisal. In brief, local government should create recommendations to decrease stress by encouraging good health behavior; sleep habits, illness prevention, and improve stress management such as positive and negative reappraisal among Thai and Cambodian food and health product merchants in Ban Klongluek Border market.

6 CONTENTS ABSTRACT v CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 Statements and significance of the problems. 1 Objectives.. 4 Hypotheses. 4 Contribution to knowledge 4 Scope of study Definition of terms. 6 Conceptual framework LITERATURE REVIEW.. 9 Data from Aranyaprathet Custom House... 9 A description of Ban Klongluek Border Line 11 Market. Stressor Stress Stress management RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. 38 Research design. 38 Population, sample and key informant Instruments. 39 Data collection Data analysis.. 45

7 vii CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Chapter 4 RESULTS.. 46 Part 1 Demographic variables describing initial key informants as 46 well as the people interviewed..... Part 2 Stressor described by the merchants. 51 Part 3 Stress levels perceived by the merchants Part 4 Stress management strategies used by this population Part 5 The comparison of stress between Thai and Cambodian food 64 and health product merchants separately by demographic variables and stressors Part 6 The comparison of stress management between Thai and 68 Cambodian food and health product merchants separately by demographic variables and stressors.. 5 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Conclusion. 85 Discussion.. 87 Recommendations REFERENCES APPENDIX APPENDIX 1 Form for qualitative methodology APPENDIX 2 Permission to use Suanprung Stress Test APPENDIX 3 Instrument for quantitative methodology LIST OF EXPERT BIOGRAPHY

8 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Comparison between International business is Thailand -Cambodia 10 business and Thailand -Cambodia business borderland ( ) Statistic export-import of Aranyaprathet Customs House ( ) Statistic export-import of Chanthaburi Customs House ( ) Sample size classifying by nationality of merchants and type of goods 39 sell Characteristics of the 30 similar subjects used for testing reliability Number and percentage of key informant classify by personnel factors Key informants characteristic Number and percentage of sample respondents classify by personnel 49 factors Number and percentage of sample respondents classify by stressors Number and percentage of sample respondents classify by stress level Number and percentage of sample respondents classify by stress 63 management. 4-7 The comparison of stress between different age group in Thai and 64 Cambodian merchants. 4-8 The comparison of stress total between different marital status in Thai 65 and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress between different health behavior level in Thai 66 and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress between different emotional characteristic level 66 in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress between different family and relationship 67 source level in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management between different others source 67 level in Thai and Cambodian merchants.

9 ix LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) Table 4-13 The comparison of stress management scores between different age groups of Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: problem-focused coping between different age group in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: emotional-focused coping between different age group in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: positive reappraisal between different age group in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: negative reappraisal between different age group in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management between different marital status in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: problem-focused coping between different marital status in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: emotional-focused coping between different marital status in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management: positive reappraisal coping between different marital status in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of negative reappraisal coping between different marital status in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management between different health behavior level in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management between different emotional characteristic level in Thai and Cambodian merchants The comparison of stress management between different family relationship source level in Thai and Cambodian merchants

10 x LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) Table 4-26 The comparison of stress management between different others source level in Thai and Cambodian merchants... 82

11 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Research conceptual framework Ban Klongluek Border Market 11