Index. Daphne Zografos Downloaded from Elgar 235 Online at 09/27/ :40:13PM via free access

Transcription

1 Index Aboriginal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) 121, 128, 129, 131 absolute grounds for refusal 57 61, action, expressions by 3, 54 5, 56 7 adaptations of traditional music 42 4 advertising false 197, trade marks and advertising function 52 3 African Intellectual Property Organisation (OAPI) 15 17, 167 Alaska State Council on the Arts 114, 116, 117, 118 Alaska s Silver Hand programme criminal penalties criteria and procedure alternative trade organisations (ATOs) 144, 146, 148, 155 6, Andean Community Decision appellations of origin 175 art centres Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa (Creative New Zealand) 108, 111, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) 134 Association of Northern Kimberley and Arnhem Aboriginal Artists (ANKAAA) 130 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 41 attribution 6, 223 copyright 48 9 false 6 trade marks 101 Australia copyright Copyright Act , 34, 36, 37, 38 Indigenous Arts Certification System , , trade marks 57 Australia Council for the Arts 121, authenticity authorisation 26, applications for 27, 30 Bangui Agreement 15 17, 167 Beijing Higher People s Court 42 4, 47 Berne Convention 12 14, 17, 21, 44, 47, 48 bilateral agreements Bulun Bulun and Anor v R&T Textiles Pty Ltd and Anor 37 40, 40 Bulun Bulun v Nejlam Pty Ltd 32 3, 40 Bureau of Indian Affairs 218 Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle (BIRPI) 20 Cambodia 134 Canada 50, 103 carnival masks carpets 34 7, certification as an Indian artisan 208 fair trade labelling certification marks , 178, administrative bodies and funding aims of certification schemes 136, Alaska s Silver Hand programme , with fair trade labels 160, 161 definitional considerations Downloaded from Elgar 235 Online at 09/27/ :40:13PM

2 236 Intellectual property and traditional cultural expressions East and Southeast Asian initiatives efficiency and limitations , 224 Indigenous Arts Certification System , , international origin related element 108 oversight of quality 141 regional support of stakeholders toi iho TM mark , 117, , see also fair trade labelling China copyright 41 5, 47 OVOP initiative 133, 134 collective marks , 178, definitional considerations 104 5, origin related element 108 commercial use 1, 5, 223 trade marks and concerns of TCEs holders 5 6 consent 5, 31, 37, 76 consumer protection 58 9, 203, 224 copyright 1, 12 49, 222 Australia 31 40, 124 China 41 5, 47 definitional considerations early attempts to protect TCEs using economic rights 18, 48 efficiency and limitations 45 8 Tunisia 12, Creative New Zealand 108, 111, customary law 4, 5, 38 9, 48, 67, 69, damage 193 damages 27 8, 36 7, 210 deceptive use 223 trade marks and protection against defamatory use 6 defensive protection trade marks and 101 Department of the Interior (US) Departmental Manual OIG 212, 217, 218 derivative works 42 5, 48 derogatory use 6 Desart certification mark 130 developing countries 183, 184, 185 disclosure 5 6, 49 discrimination disparaging trade marks 85 6, 88 9, 95 6 distortion 5 documentation of folklore Doha Ministerial Declaration 174, 183, 186 Draft Provisions for the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions/Expressions of Folklore see also WIPO East Asia 41 2, see also China economic interests 5, 223 economic rights 18, 48 enforcement, lack of equitable obligation ethical consumerism 160 see also fair trade European Union (EU) 182, 184 Community Trade Mark Regulation 51, 58, Memorandum on the Creation of an EEC trade mark 51, 52 3 Trade Mark Directive 51, 53, 60 trade marks 51 3 types of 54, 55 7 expressions by action 3, 54 5, 56 7 expressions of folklore, 2 4, 7 9, 15 7 see also Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) extended passing off extension of GIs protection fair trade 143 9, 157 aims 145 definitional considerations and historic development European Fair Trade Association (EFTA) 146 minimum price and social premium 149 National Initiatives 150, 152, 153

3 Index 237 philosophy, economics and principles producer organisations 146 social and economic impact 145 6, 162 standards, fair trade fair trade labelling , 224 certification development for handicrafts Producer Business Unit (PBU) 153 standards Fair Trade Labelling Organisation International (FLO) 146, 149, 150, 151, 152 3, fair use exceptions 17 fallacious use 6 false advertising 197, false connection 6, 49 false designation of origin Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 204, 210, 217 fees/royalties 26, fiduciary relationships figurative marks 54 5, 57 fixation 14, 27, 46 folklore 2 4, 7 11, 12 17, 17 18, 19 31, see also Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) free trade General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 147 Geographical indications (GIs) , characteristics 165, 166 efficiency and limitations protection of TCEs bilateral agreements international agreements 166 7, 172 national legislation regional agreements 167 TRIPS Agreement , 188 goodwill grounds for refusal 57 61, Harjo v Pro-Football, Inc see Redskins cases Hezhe ethnic minority 42 3, 47 Hologram marks 54 5, 56 7 Hopi, the 219 identifiable author 47 identification 1, 6, Igloo Tag 103 imitations products 200, 202 inappropriate use 1, 5 6, 49, 223 India 14, 47 geographical indications 168 9, 170 Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1935 (USA) , 204, 210, 212 Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 (IACA) (USA) 111, 196 7, aims case law civil remedies 209, 210 creation of trade mark rights in the use of the word Indian and in the names of Indian tribes criminal penalties 201, definitional considerations federal indictments 212 federally recognised tribes 205 6, 207 freedom of speech historical background Indian definition of 111, Indian artisan certification 208 Indian product, definition of Indian tribes, definition of lack of enforcement rights granted trade mark provisions Indian Arts and Crafts Board (IACB) 200, 201, 203, 204 5, 209, , , Indian Arts and Crafts Enforcement Act of 2000 (USA) 202, 209 Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 (USA) 207 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (Indian New Deal) (USA) 204 indications of source 175

4 238 Intellectual property and traditional cultural expressions indigenous cultural and intellectual property rights 2, 70 71,131 indigenous flora and fauna indigenous heritage 2 indigenous identity 160 certification systems , 116, Indigenous Arts Certification System , aims authenticity Collaboration Mark 121 3, 128 indigenous identity Label of Authenticity 121 3, 124, 127 8, 131 Indonesia 41, 42, 134 integrity, right of 48 9 Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand (IPONZ) 80 Practice Guidelines 78 9 Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) 3, 10 11, 164 International certification system International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 68 International Fair Trade Association (IFAT) 146 International Fairtrade Standards International News Service v Associated Press Internet retailing inter-tribal counterfeiting 219 Japan 132 3, 134 Oita Prefecture 132 3, 134 Kachina dolls 219 know how 165, 203 Lanham Trademark Act 58, 85, 211 Section 2(a) 85, 85 9, 100 Section 43(a) 196, false advertising 197, false designation of origin Laos 134 laws against misrepresentation see misrepresentation, laws against libellous use 6 licensed merchandise 91 likely to offend trade marks 78 9 limited term of protection 47 Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration 166 7, 173 4, 175 literary and artistic works 17 Lötschental masks Mabo and Ors v State of Queensland 31 Made in Alaska programme Madrid Agreement 172, Malaysia 133, 134 Maori exploitation of Maori imagery and text 71 5 and intellectual property see also New Zealand; toi iho TM certification mark Maori Trade Marks Advisory Committee 81 3 Maori Trade Marks Focus Group 76, 79, 81 Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples 70 71, Max Havelaar label 150, 151 Mexico 168 Milpurrurru and Ors v Indofurn Pty Ltd and Ors 34 7, 40, 46 misappropriation doctrine misleading indications misleading trade marks misrepresentation, laws against , efficiency and limitations misappropriation doctrine passing off Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act US experience Model Provisions for National laws on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Actions 4, 7 8

5 Index 239 moral rights 18, 48 9 morality, contrary to 58 9 movement marks 54 5, 56 7 music, adaptations of 42 4 musical expressions 3, 54 5, 55 6 National Basketball Association v Motorola, Inc. 196 National Indigenous Arts Advocacy Association (NIAAA) (Australia) 121, 123, 124, 125, 131, 141 Native Americans Alaska s Silver Hand programme , IACA see Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 names used as sports team names and mascots 50, 84 5, Redskins cases 85, promotion of self-sufficiency protection of culture and know how 203 see also United States of America (USA) Navajo, the 219 Netherlands, the 150 Network of European World Shops (NEWS) 146 New Mexico Certification Mark for Native American Arts and Crafts New Zealand 103 exploitation of Maori imagery and text 71 5 Maori and intellectual property Maori Trade Marks Advisory Committee 81 3 Mataatua Declaration 70 71, Ministry of Commerce 75, 76 toi iho TM certification mark , 117, , trade marks 50, examination procedure 81 2 invalidity of registration (trade marks) 80 Trade Marks Act of , 75, 77 Trade Marks Act of offensive marks 76 80, 82 3 Treaty of Waitangi 62 5, 66, 67 8 Partnership, principle of 64 Wai 262 claim Waitangi Tribunal 64, 65 6, 69 Ngati Toa Iwi 74 Offensive trade marks New Zealand 76 80, 82 3 USA 85 9 offensive use 1, 5 6, 101, 223, 224 Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (OHIM) 53, 54, 59, 60, 61 Office of Inspector General (OIG) (USA) 212, 217, 218 Oita Prefecture, Japan 132 3, 134 One Tambon One Product (OTOP) project 133, 134, 135 One Village One Product (OVOP) initiative expansion local yet global principle 133 Organisme Tunisien de Protection des Droits d Auteurs (OTPDA) 26, 28 9, Origin labelled products (OLPs) 188 Origin related function/element collective marks and certification marks 108 misrepresentation in passing off Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act trade marks 51 3 origin related intellectual property rights 1 2 limitations 224 suitability to protect TCEs originality 45 6 oversight 112, 141, Paris Convention of , 172, 173 4, 177, 216 acts of unfair competition collective marks 104 passing off 178, , efficiency and limitations elements of the British action for extended passing off paternity, right of see attribution paying public domain 15, 16 Peru 107

6 240 Intellectual property and traditional cultural expressions Philippines, the 134 Phuket Plan of Action 8 9, 49 Phuket World Forum on the Protection of Folklore 8 9, 49 Pitjantjatjara Council 32 policy objectives of TCEs holders 5 6 Portugal 107, 168, 172 Potato Park, Peru 107 preservation 1, 6, prior authorisation prior consent 5, 31, 37, 76 promotion 1, 6, 101, 202, property regimes 6 public, misleading the public domain 26 public domain of the state 26 public education campaigns 114, public perception 60, 180 public policy, contrary to 58 9 quality geographical indications oversight 112, 141, trade marks and quality function 52 3 racial slurs 87, 88 Redskins cases 85, the appeal 98 9 dispute 92 3 District Court s decision 96 8 laches defence 93, 96, lack of substantial evidence 96 7 record remanded to the District Court TTAB decision 93 6 regional certification marks Regional Consultations on the Protection of Folklore 9 Reserve Bank of Australia 33 4 Rugmark Russian Federation 168 sacred nature 5 6 scandalous trade marks 85 6, 86 8, 94 5 self-determination 102, 111, self-sufficiency Sidi Bou Said birdcages 22, 23 signs 53 4 Silver Hand programme criteria and procedure results to date Société des Auteurs et des Compositeurs de Tunisie (SODACT) 28 sound marks 54 5, 55 6 Southeast Asia 41 2, sovereignty Spain 172 spirits, wines and sports teams All Blacks 74 Native American names used as team names and mascots 50, 84 5, Redskins cases 85, stakeholder support Stockholm Diplomatic Conference for the Revision of the Berne Convention 12, 12 14, 21 Sui generis systems 2, 7 8, 222 Switzerland bilateral agreements Lötschental masks tangible expressions 4, 54 5, 57, Te Rauparaha s haka 74 5 te tino rangatiratanga 63 4 Wai 262 claim Te Waka Toi 108, 113 Ten Thousand Villages 144, 157 term of protection, limited 47 Thailand 133, 134, 135 three-dimensional marks 54 5, 57 Toi iho TM certification mark , 117, aims 110 categories of toi iho TM marks criteria and procedure Maori descent results to date Torres Strait Islanders 120, 123, see also Indigenous Arts Certification System trade marks , 191, definitional considerations 53 7 efficiency and limitations , 224

7 Index 241 and GIs misleading New Zealand experience origin related element 51 3 protection against deceptive use protection against offensive use United States 50, 57 experience of using trade marks IACA and trade mark rights in the use of Indian and tribal names trade mark provisions in Indian Arts and Crafts Acts Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) (USA) 89 Redskins case 93 6 traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) 1 11 characteristics 4, 165, 166, concerns and policy objectives 1, 5 6 current legislative background 7 11 definitions 3 4 suitability of origin related intellectual property rights to protect terminology 2 3 Traditional Knowledge (TK) 10, 61 62, 174 Treaty of Waitangi 62 5, 66, 67 8 tribal names, Indian tribal rolls 206 TRIPS Agreement 68, 104, 216 geographical indications regime , 188 definitional considerations extension of Article 23 protection protection provided under Article true but misleading geographical indications 182 Tunis Model Law on Copyright Tunisia Bibliothèque National 30 birdcages 22 3 Code du Patrimoine 20 copyright 12, documentation and conservation history OTPDA 26, 28 9, works inspired by folklore as a subject matter for copyright law 23 5 folklore 19 rationale for protecting 22 3 Institut National du Patrimoine 29 Law of , 24, 26, 27 Law of , 23 4 Article Article umbrella bodies 146 unfair competition 177, 178 acts of see also misrepresentation, laws against United Kingdom (UK) 46 passing off Trade Marks Act of Trade Marks Registry Work Manual 59 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 7 9, 20 Regional Consultations 9 Tunis Model Law on Copyright WIPO/UNESCO Model Provisions 4, 7 8 WIPO/UNESCO Phuket World Forum 8 9, 49 United Nations International Year for the World s Indigenous Peoples 70 United States of America (USA) 46, 103 Alaska s Silver Hand programme , assimilation policy IACA see Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 Lanham Trademark Act 58, 85, 85 9, 100, 196, 197 9, 211 passing off trade marks 50, 57, Redskins cases 85,

8 242 Intellectual property and traditional cultural expressions United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) 85, 210, 211 Uruguay Round 177 verbal expressions 3, 54 5, 55 Vietnam 41 2 Wai 262 claim to indigenous flora and fauna and cultural and intellectual heritage rights and obligations Waitangi Treaty 62 5, 66, 67 8 Waitangi Tribunal 64, 65 6, 69 Washington Redskins see Redskins cases word marks 54 5, 55 Works inspired by folklore 23 5 World Forum on the Protection of Folklore, Phuket (1997) 8 9, 49 World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) 7 11, 103 Draft Provisions for the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions/Expressions of Folklore fact-finding missions 9 regional consultations 9 Draft Provisions for the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions/Expressions of Folklore 3 4, WIPO/UNESCO Model Provisions 4, 7 8 WIPO/UNESCO Phuket World Forum 8 9, 49 Yumbulul v Reserve Bank of Australia 33 4, 40, 46