9/5/2009. Canada and the U.S. Real GDP per Capita among OECD Counties (US$) Canadian Tax Rates are Higher than in the U.S. (but not that high)

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1 9//29 Real GDP per Capita among OECD Counties (US$) and the OECD (28) Canadian Tax Rates are Higher than in the (but not that high) The Economist Oct 1, 27 Human Development Index (28) 1. Iceland 2. Norway Australia. Ireland. Netherlands 7. Sweden 8. Japan 9. Luxembourg 1.Switzerland UNDP (28) 11.France 12.Finland 13.Denmark 14.Austria 1.United States 1.Spain 17.Belgium 18.Greece 19.Italy 2.New Zealand The HDI measures : A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio A decent standard of living, as measured by GDP per capita 1

2 9//29 Costs of Health Care Administration in the United States and, 1999 Cost Category Spending per Capita ( $) US Insurance overhead Employers costs to manage health benefits 7 8 Hospital administration Nursing home administration 2 29 Administrative costs of practitioners Home care administration Total 1,9 37 The Economist (27) Woolhandler et al. (23) Number of Employees per 1, Enrollees of Selected Major Private Health Insurers and Canadian Provincial Health Plans, 21 plans Aetna 2.8 Anthem 18.8 Cigna 31.2 Humana 22. Mid Atlantic Medical Services 14. Oxford 22.8 Pacificare 24.2 United Healthcare 3.1 WellPoint 13.7 Canadian plans Saskatchewan Health 1.4 Ontario Health Insurance Plan 1.2 Woolhandler et al. (23) Health Status, Access to Care, and Receipt of Health Services, by Country of Residence: United States and, 22 Chronic illness prevalence Diabetes Asthma 7..7 Hypertension Arthritis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Heart disease.9. Major depression in past year Access to care/receipt of health services Regular medical doctor Needed medicines but could not afford them Contacted any medical doctor in past year Unmet health care needs Because of long waiting time.7 3. Because of cost 7..8 Because of other reasons Lasser et al. (2) Age-Standardized Death Rates (per 1,) from Amenable Causes* Ages 74 in OECD Countries, France Japan Australia Spain Italy Norway Netherlands Sweden Greece Germany Austria New Zealand Finland Denmark U.K Ireland Portugal *i.e., those deaths from causes considered amenable to health care Nolte and McKee (28) Numbers in without Medical Insurance ~4 million Americans do not have health insurance (most: low income working families) Proportion of Americans covered by company health plans: 1993: percent 23: 4 percent The Congressional Budget Office (23) estimated that 21 million to 31 million Americans go without coverage for a full year or more, while 7 million to 9 million are without coverage at some point during a given year. 2

3 9//29 Tertiary education attainment rate, aged 2-4, centage Perc United States Japan Finland Sweden Norway Australia New Zealand Belgium Denmark United Kingdom Iceland Korea Ireland Switzerland Netherlands Spain France Germany Luxembourg Greece Austria Hungary Poland Czech Republic Slovak Republic Italy Portugal Turkey Mexico OECD (24) Tertiary-type A and advanced research programmes Tertiary-type B education Homicides in and Statistics (28) ,23 14,4 14,21 14,9 14,99 Department of Justice (28) Toronto: 84 homicides (27) GTA: 111 homicides LA County: 84 homicides GTA pop n:,113,149 LA pop n: 9,929,814 Las Vegas: 119 homicides LV pop n: 1,341,1 (Clark County and City of Las Vegas) CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES: COMPARING FIREARM-RELATED DEATHS AND CRIMES Statistics (27) Crime Statistics Year US US/Can (Rate per 1,) Murders with Firearms x Murders with Handguns x Murders without Guns x Robberies with Guns x Robberies without Guns x Prepared By: Department of Justice, January 23 References: Statistics (Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics): Homicide Survey Statistics (Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics): Canadian Crime Statistics US Department of Justice: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 3

4 9//29 Incarceration Rate in 27 (per 1, population) Canadians are nothing more than unarmed Americans with health insurance (p. x in Adams, M. 23 Fire and Ice: The United States, and the Myth of Converging Values (Toronto: Penguin ) ). United States 723 New Zealand 18 Australia Germany 98 Italy 9 France 91 Sweden 81 Norway Child and Elderly Poverty Rates, OECD Countries Inability to Afford Basic Needs Percent saying that there were times this year when they were unable to afford Italy Germany France Britain Sweden Spain Health Care Food Clothing Any of these Commonwealth of Australia (28) Brodie et al. (27) A Living Wage: Families with Two Earners Facing Poverty 4

5 9//29 Importance of Religion in Daily Life Religion Very Important North America 9% 3% Western Europe U.K. 33% Italy 27% Germany 21% France 11% Eastern Europe Poland 3% Ukraine 3% Slovakia 29% Russia 14% Bulgaria 13% Czech Republic 11% Pew Global Attitudes Project (22) Liberal-Conservative Attitudes on Family and Sexual Issues by Region and Nation Ratings of acceptability (on a 1 point scale) Married person having an affair Having sex under the legal age of consent Homosexuality Prostitution Abortion Divorce Index (mean of the above) English Quebec North South All differences between nations and among regions are statistically significant (p. 14 in Grabb, E. and J. Curtis 2 Regions Apart: The Four Societies of and the United States (Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press) Proportion of Births to Teenagers The measure is closely correlated with income inequality. Adams (23) : percent economic migrants 2 percent family class 1 percent refugees and related : 17 percent economic migrants 4 percent family class 1 percent refugees and related 3 percent lottery The Emphasis in Immigration Policy (Rekai 22): : Young, skilled immigrants : Family unification The North American naturalization gap (Bloemraad 22) The American melting pot? In which ( or the ) are immigrants more likely to become citizens? Immigrants who had acquired citizenship: : 43.3 percent, : 72.7 percent Why the difference?: Group-centered explanations (e.g., differences in countries of origin, cultural determinants) Formal regulations governing citizenship (e.g., wait in : 3 years, : years; dual citizenship) Immigrants personal characteristics (e.g., differences in income, education) These explanations all have merit, but the naturalization gap persists even when we take them into account (p. 197)

6 9//29 The North American naturalization gap (Bloemraad 22) Bloemraad (22) The reasons for the difference?: Community ties with government (multiculturalism programs, consultation) Support for immigrant integration (e.g., ESL access, citizenship training) Models of integration (i.e., political success) If naturalization is lower in the United States than in, it may be less due to the type of immigrants America attracts than to the welcome they are given (p. 224) Refugee recognition/acceptance rates :.4 percent : 32.1 percent Gaps in Average Student Achievement in Mathematics Scores among 1-year-olds According to Various Background Characteristics Australia France Germany Sweden Family Type Single Parents Couples Country of Origin First Generation Native Non-Natives Natives Language Spoken at Home Different Language Same Language Economic Social and Cultural Index Bottom Quarter Top Quarter Point differential in student achievement on a -point standardized scale. OECD (28: 211) Do Immigrants Have a Positive Influence on Your Country? : 7 percent Australia: 4 percent : 2 percent Germany: 47 percent Spain: 4 percent France: 4 percent Italy: 44 percent U.K.: 43 percent Net positives (i.e., +ve attitudes minus ve) : percent Australia: 1 percent US : percent Germany: 2 percent Spain: percent France: -4 percent Italy: 4 percent U.K.: - percent Source: 2 IPSOS MORI Poll (Adams 27) Immigrant Influence Overall, would you say immigrants are having a good or bad influence on the way things are going in [country]? Adams (27: 1) Which is the most diverse city? a. Proportion immigrant population b. Immigrant groups with at least 1 percent of the city s population Dubai: 82 percent 1. India 2. Pakistan 3. Bangladesh 4. Philippines. Sri Lanka Miami: 1 percent 1. Cuba 2. Haiti 3. Columbia 4. Jamaica. Nicaragua. Venezuela 7. Peru 8. Dominican Republic 9. Honduras Toronto: 4 percent 1. China 2. India 3. UK U.K. 4. Italy. Philippines. Jamaica 7. Portugal 8. Poland 9. Sri Lanka 1. Guyana 11. Russia 12. Vietnam 13. Pakistan

7 9//29 Foreign Born Legislators (27) Proportion of Population Proportion of Parliament/House 19.3 percent Actual Demographic Number Parity Canadian House of Commons 41 9 French National Assembly 3 1 British House of Commons Australian House of Representatives 1 33 House of Representatives 8 2 Central Differences between American and Canadian Canonical Novels Characteristics (percent) Victorious tone Important parental family Either family is important His/her work is important to protagonist Protagonist is middle class Protagonist is upper class, or upper middle class Protagonist is lower class, outcast, or slave Author is Canadian Author is American Narrative of individualism Narrative of connection American Novels Canadian Novels Corse, S.M. 199 Nations and novels: cultural politics and literary use Social Forces 73(4)

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