Pakistan

Transcription

1 One UN Report 2014

2 Pakistan

3 One UN Report 2014

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5 Contents Contents Message from the UN Resident Coordinator 5 Executive summary 7 Key humanitarian and development trends 11 Delivering as One in Pakistan 17 Background 17 One Leader 17 Focus on results 25 Strategic Priority Area 1: Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services 25 Strategic Priority Area 2: Inclusive economic growth through the development of sustainable livelihoods 38 Strategic Priority Area 3: Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks 44 Strategic Priority Area 4: Strengthened governance and social cohesion 54 Strategic Priority Area 5: Gender equality and social justice 60 Strategic Priority Area 6: Food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable groups 66 Lessons learned and way forward 72 Financial performance 75 Annexes 80 Joint Budgetary Status at the SPA level 80 Joint Budgetary Status at the Outcome level 82 Joint Budgetary Status at the Joint Output Level 86 UN humanitarian emergency expenditures 96 Definitions of core budgetary terms 97 The Pakistan One Fund 98 Summary of outputs and outcomes 99 ONE UN REPORT

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7 Acronyms Acronyms AA AIDS ALAC CCCM CCEM CEDAW CHX CMAM CNIC DFATD DRR enc EU FATA FIA FMD GBV GDP GIS GLASS GPE GRLI HBW HIV IMF IMNCI KAPB KP MAF MDG MNCH Administrative Agent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Advice and Legal Aid Centres camp coordination and camp management cold chain equipment manager Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women Chlorhexidine community-based management of acute malnutrition computerized national identity card Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development disaster risk reduction essential newborn care European Union Federally Administered Tribal Areas Federal Investigation Agency foot and mouth disease gender-based violence gross domestic product geographic information system Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water Global Partnership for Education Gender-Responsive Labour Inspection home-based worker human immunodeficiency virus International Monetary Fund integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness knowledge, attitude, practice and behaviour Khyber Pakhtunkhwa MDGs Accelerated Framework Millennium Development Goals maternal, newborn and child health MPTF NDMA NFA NIU NWA OCHA OP II OSH PAK PATS PBS PCPNC PDMA PKR PMD PoR RAHA RED REUC SGBV SME SMI SMS SPA STI SUN TDP TVET UN UNCT WASH Multi-Partner Trust Fund National Disaster Management Authority National Fortification Alliance Network of Disaster Management Practitioners Implementation Unit North Waziristan Agency Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs One United Nations Programme II occupational safety and health Pakistan Administered Kashmir Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation Pakistan Bureau of Statistics pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn care Provincial Disaster Management Authority Pakistani Rupee Pakistan Meteorological Department Proof of Registration Refugee Affected and Hosting Areas Reach Every District Reach Every Union Council sexual and gender-based violence small and medium enterprise small and medium industry short message service Strategic Priority Area sexually transmitted infection Scaling Up Nutrition temporarily displaced persons Technical and Vocational Education and Training United Nations United Nations Country Team water, sanitation and hygiene ONE UN REPORT

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9 Message from the UN Resident Coordinator Message from the UN Resident Coordinator For the UN in Pakistan, 2014 marked significant progress in consolidating humanitarian gains through effective development. In this second year of the One UN Programme II (OP II) in Pakistan, our work focused on the final push toward achieving the MDGs, and on priority areas including improving access to education, continuing the drive to eradicate polio and supporting temporarily displaced persons. Fundamentally the role of the UN in Pakistan has not changed, but our approach has evolved to become more participatory and inclusive, and more focused on the links between humanitarian and development assistance. This year s annual report integrates our humanitarian and development work for the first time to provide a holistic picture of what we have accomplished as One UN and what the future holds. Overall, disaster risk reduction and community resilience together comprise a vital foundation for both the humanitarian and development sectors in Pakistan. The strong partnerships that already exist between government, the UN, development partners and the NGO community provide a rich foundation and opportunity to progress in these areas. The OP II provides a platform to integrate and find synergies between the humanitarian responses and development activities of the 19 UN programmes, agencies and specialized funds that work in the country. In delivering results as One UN, each element of the Programme takes a human rights-based approach, and integrates gender equality, environmental sustainability and capacity development. In KP-FATA where the humanitarian community has long supported the government to deliver assistance to temporary displaced persons, all of the UN agencies are supporting a recently launched and ambitious strategy to rebuild communities as they return to their homes and strive to rebuild their lives and livelihoods. The UN, development partners, NGOs and Government are acutely aware that humanitarian assistance is needed in the short-term as people return, but ultimately the appropriate infrastructure, social services and livelihood opportunities are even more pressing for people to resettle sustainably. Similarly the recent drought in Sindh is first considered a humanitarian issue as people s food security and often livelihoods are affected and child malnutrition can occur. But ultimately the response needed is a development one improved water management and irrigation systems, drought resistant seeds, alternate livelihoods and other climate change mitigation measures, etc. Pakistan is a youthful and vibrant country with enormous potential in terms of natural and cultural resources. Its young, growing and rapidly urbanising population will need education and skills training to compete in an increasingly competitive global economy and guidance and support as they find their places and their voices within their communities. We hope that this 2014 annual report provides a comprehensive review of our development and humanitarian accomplishments as One UN. On behalf of the UN family in Pakistan, I would like to thank our Government counterparts at all levels, civil society and development partners, and most importantly, the people of Pakistan for their support and participation in our continuing efforts to provide results for the people of this country. Neil Buhne UN Resident Coordinator ONE UN REPORT

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11 Executive Summary Executive Summary In recent years, Pakistan has taken positive steps to alleviate core development challenges. Nevertheless, the stresses of rapid population growth, an economy under pressure and the demands of sustainable development remain. Devastating humanitarian crises, including large-scale displacements, the ongoing food and nutrition crisis, persistent public health concerns and natural disasters continue to impact the Pakistani people, particularly the most vulnerable. The One United Nations Programme II (OP II) was designed to address inequities and foster greater social justice in Pakistan through both humanitarian and development actions. The six strategic priority areas reflect a range of priorities that will allow Pakistan to move forward on the path to sustainable development. These include equitable access to quality services; inclusive economic growth; increased resilience to crisis; strengthened governance and social cohesion; gender equality and social justice; and improved food and nutrition security. In all areas, the United Nations (UN) system focuses on the bottlenecks and barriers that exclude the poor and the most vulnerable. Delivering as One To support OP II implementation, the UN system has worked to harmonize the processes and procedures comprising its operations. In 2014, One Leader provided technical support and strategic oversight for the implementation of the One UN Programme. One Office worked to reduce parallel processes and promote cost effective practices. One Voice improved media partnerships, dialogue with youth and links with the private sector to raise awareness. One Fund allowed the UN to respond to emerging needs and strengthened the convening power of the UN by bringing agencies and line ministries together to jointly agree on planning, implementation and programming. Achievements in 2014 The UN continued to support vulnerable and marginalized populations to access quality services in In health, this included improving maternal, newborn and child health services in the 70 neediest districts in Pakistan and enhancing the capacity of midwives to provide crucial community-based reproductive health services. Working with the Pakistan Nursing Council, the UN supported an advanced education programme in midwifery, enabling 18 candidates to complete their two year Bachelor of Science in Midwifery degrees from Aga Khan University. The UN also supported 413 successful fistula repair surgeries, restoring health and dignity to affected women and girls. Targeted interventions prevented four maternal deaths, 2,783 unintended pregnancies and 303 unsafe abortions. Targeted interventions aimed at making family planning services available resulted in nearly 6,000 couple years of protection, and sustained advocacy led religious leaders to endorse family planning, an important step towards changing social norms and practices in Pakistan. A total of 30 immunization campaigns were held throughout the country, with 34 million children reached in each campaign. As part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) efforts, nearly 1 million people gained access to improved water sources and 15,000 students are now benefitting from new WASH facilities in 100 government schools. ONE UN REPORT

12 Dedicated advocacy and international support for education led to a doubling of the education budget, from 2 to 4 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). The UN also supported Pakistani institutions to create decent and sustainable livelihood opportunities for the poor and vulnerable. Some 1,500 temporarily displaced persons gained employment opportunities and 18,000 informal home-based workers (HBWs), predominately women, accessed skills development and income generation services. The agricultural livelihoods of 20,000 people impacted by the 2010 floods and earthquakes were reinvigorated through early recovery projects. Small- and medium-enterprises, sustainable energy and clean technologies benefitted from targeted investment. One hundred new Pakistani firms gained the capacity to export their products to the European Union (EU). In the wake of ongoing natural disasters and other crises, the UN continued to strengthen national disaster preparedness and increase resilience. This involved an immediate multi-sector response to those displaced from North Waziristan Agency (NWA) in 2014, as well as an effort to build back better following annual flooding in Sindh. During the year, the UN worked with partners to develop disaster management plans and early warning systems, enhance institutional capacities in disaster risk reduction at all levels, and raise awareness of climate change adaptation and mitigation. UN technical support reduced narcotics and human trafficking, increased key capacities and generated crucial new evidence. In 2014, the UN worked to strengthen governance and social cohesion in Pakistan by building the capacities of key institutions, strengthening the rule of law, improving access to quality social services and supporting decentralized government. Gender was successfully mainstreamed into the Electoral Commission of Pakistan s Five-year Strategic Plan Labour laws and administration and compliance with labour standards were strengthened at the provincial level to improve international competitiveness and economic growth. Training for law enforcement officials, legal awareness raising for thousands of people, including women, and legal assistance for displaced persons improved access to justice. The UN supported the Government and civil society to take active and accountable steps to eliminate discrimination against women and girls and address pervasive socio-cultural norms that prevent women from exercising their basic human rights. With technical support, the Provincial Government of Balochistan passed the Domestic Violence Bill and a number of frameworks were developed to support women s empowerment. Efforts were made to integrate health and gender, with the updated National Protocol on Treatment and Health Sector Response to Gender-based Violence, as well as provincial action plans for implementing an integrated response. Activities to improve household food and nutrition security continued in Pakistan, particularly for vulnerable groups. In the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), this included food assistance for hundreds of thousands of families impacted by security operations, as well as a school feeding programme that reached 235,000 students. In Balochistan, thousands of farmers benefitted from livelihood and livestock support. Child malnutrition was tackled through behaviour change interventions 8

13 Executive Summary and capacity building of community health workers. Hundreds of thousands of children were reached with treatment through community-based management of acute malnutrition and food fortification. Challenges Despite these achievements, the year was not without its challenges. Insecurity and political instability continued to impact programme implementation in all areas. For many programmes, limited technical and institutional capacities posed significant challenges. Socio-cultural norms hindered activities related to reproductive health, gender equality and vaccines. Lack of strengthened legal frameworks including for WASH, refugees, HBWs and human rights undermined access to justice for the most vulnerable. The absence of robust data continued to limit evidence-based planning and monitoring across many sectors. Finally, limited funding meant reduced implementation capacity for a number of programmes, including those aimed at strengthening resilience, governance and gender equity. Financial implementation In 2014, 19 agencies, funds and programmes implemented the OP II joint programming framework, yielding a joint UN delivery of US$278 million, contributing to the 54 joint outputs, 20 outcomes and the six strategic priority areas. Emergency and humanitarian spending in 2014 totaled an additional US$179, which is reported separately because humanitarian and development funds are managed through different mechanisms. ONE UN REPORT

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15 Key humanitarian and development trends Key humanitarian and development trends In terms of economic development, Pakistan made a number of positive strides in The Government maintained the inflation rate in single digits and the real GDP growth rate improved to more than 4 percent. In spite of these improvements, poverty, gender inequality and the demands of sustainable development remain, while natural disasters and other humanitarian crises continue to heighten existing development challenges and create economic stress. The sixth most populous country in the world, Pakistan is home to 188 million people, 1 two thirds of whom are under age 25, and many of whom continue to face endemic poverty and inequality. Today, the country is ranked 146 out of 187 countries on the Human Development Index and nearly one quarter of the population lives below the poverty threshold of US$1.25 per day. 2 While Punjab, with the largest provincial economy, makes a significant contribution to the GDP, disadvantaged provinces are more heavily impacted by poverty. 3 More than 60 percent of the population of FATA lives below the poverty line, far exceeding the national average. 4 At the same time, the population is growing. The Population Council estimates that Pakistan will be home to 302 million people by 2050, further straining government services, infrastructure and natural resources. The large youth population faces enormous obstacles to income generation: nearly one third are illiterate, nearly 1 in 10 is unemployed and only 6 percent are equipped with technical skills. In general, marginalized populations including women, children and people affected by crisis are disproportionately impacted by Pakistan s development challenges. The complex humanitarian situation in Pakistan Pakistan faces an ongoing combination of manmade crises and natural disasters. Insecurity, weak governance, underdevelopment and social inequity drive man-made crises. In turn, all humanitarian situations exacerbate inequality, hamper poverty alleviation and strain individual and household coping mechanisms, indicating a vicious cycle. Displacement and returns in KP and FATA: The north-western province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is host to 1.6 million displaced persons, some of whom live in camps, and the majority of whom live in host communities or with relatives. In June 2014, a new wave of displacements from NWA began following new security operations. As of November, nearly 74,000 newly displaced families have been verified. 1.6 million Refugees in Pakistan Pakistan is host to the largest protracted refugee situation globally, comprising more than 1.6 million refugees from Afghanistan, Somalia and other countries. Almost 40 percent live in refugee villages and over 60 percent live in urban and rural host communities. ONE UN REPORT

16 Food security/undernutrition A significant proportion of Pakistanis suffer from severe malnutrition that is exacerbated by natural disasters and insecurity. Nationally, more than 58 percent of households are food insecure. Acute malnutrition is ranked at 15 percent and severe acute malnutrition at nearly 6 percent, exceeding global malnutrition emergency thresholds. About one third of children are born at low birth weight and more than half of the population (104 million people) are unable to attain the recommended daily caloric consumption for a healthy, productive life. Only one quarter of women report consuming iron and folic acid during their last pregnancy and 62 percent of children under 5 years of age are anaemic. Malnutrition costs the Pakistani economy an estimated 3 percent of GDP. Natural disasters Recent changes in climate have produced extreme weather patterns that have in turn led to floods, cyclones and droughts. Earthquakes have also affected large numbers of people. These natural disasters erode already fragile coping strategies, pushing borderline families into greater vulnerability. In 2014, floods and drought affected 2.5 million and 2 million people, respectively. An estimated 2 million people are food insecure in droughtaffected areas of Sindh, with chronic drought or droughtlike situations in effect since Without adequate disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities and structures, the situation will continue to cause displacement and loss of lives, livelihoods and infrastructure. 58% of households are food insecure 2.5 million people in Pakistan were affected by floods in 2014 STRenGTHening disaster MAnagement The UN has continued to strengthen disaster management authorities by providing technical support to the Gender and Child Cell. With policy input from the UN, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) rolled out national policy guidelines for disaster response for vulnerable groups in The UN played an important role in providing input into the policy guidelines. Public health concerns Although many public health concerns are chronic, the main humanitarian health issues in the country are vaccine-preventable (e.g. polio and vector-borne illnesses) and hygiene related. Pakistan is one of three countries globally with endemic polio. Targeted attacks against polio workers, misconceptions among local communities, and lack of information and awareness continue to compromise polio eradication. Source: 2015 Humanitarian Needs Overview, Pakistan 12

17 Key humanitarian and development trends Constrained progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals Pakistan has struggled to make progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). According to the 2013 Pakistan MDG Report, the country is on track to achieve 10 indicators, but is off track on 24 indicators, including those related to education, maternal health and infant mortality. Gender-based discrimination against women and girls is pervasive and significantly impedes realisation of the MDGs. Additional challenges related to terrorism, the law and order situation, and weak governance and institutions have also affected progress. 5 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan Pakistan s 18th Constitutional Amendment was promulgated in 2010, decentralising political power. The amendment empowers the country s provinces by transferring federal-level resources and public service delivery, such as education and health, to provincial governments. This represents a milestone in the history of the country, both on the political front, as well as in terms of governance reform. There are significant challenges to implementing and institutionalizing decentralization in Pakistan, however, given the strong legacy of a dominant central government. This has affected the delivery of social services at the provincial level and has impeded progress towards the realization of the MDGs. The UN in Pakistan is focused on working with government partners to ensure that the effective operationalization of the 18th Amendment moves forward. ONE UN REPORT

18 Security and political situations In 2014, the volatile security environment continued to pose challenges to UN operations in the country. The escalation of terrorist attacks in the first months of the year paved the way for the launch of a full-scale military operation in NWA that was subsequently extended to include Khyber Agency. Further instability in November/ December 2014 resulted in displacement of people from Bara in Khyber Agency. The continuation of drone strikes and the escalation in threat alerts following the launch of the military operation, including threats targeting foreigners, added to the volatility. UN travel within the country was periodically limited due to security incidents or government access restrictions. In 2014, the volatile security environment continued to pose challenges to UN operations in the country In 2014, the political opposition staged widespread demonstrations in Islamabad and other cities alleging that the 2013 elections were rigged. The protests were mostly peaceful and ended only in December 2014 when the nation united against terrorism after militants attacked a school in Peshawar, killing 133 children. The incident prompted widespread national and international condemnation and led to an immediate lifting of the moratorium on the death penalty and the execution of a number of convicted terrorists. A National Action Plan was announced to tackle terrorism and an amendment to the Constitution paved the way for the establishment of military courts to try those charged with terrorist offences. 14

19 Key humanitarian and development trends Women s empowerment and gender equality Despite adopting a number of key international covenants on human rights concerning women and gender, 6 Pakistan s ranking for women s empowerment and gender equality remains one of the lowest in the world. 7 The overall literacy rate for females is 42 percent compared to 68 percent among their male counterparts. Pakistan continues to have an extremely high maternal mortality rate, 8 due to a lack of quality obstetric services and challenges in women s access to available services. 42% Overall literacy rate for females compared to 68 percent among their male counterparts Gender and humanitarian response Pakistan is a pilot country for a partnership between UN Women and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) that provides the Humanitarian Country Team with the technical expertise to develop gender responsive strategic plans, assessments and monitoring frameworks. The gender marker of cluster-related projects responding to the protracted emergencies of displaced persons, droughtaffected communities and resilience building for flood affected communities, demonstrates sound gender equality priorities. This partnership works closely with regional and headquarters-based working groups on gender in humanitarian situations to create a community of practice. In spite of improvements in women s access to paid labour over the last decade, women are still much more disadvantaged than men. Women s participation in the formal labour market remains alarmingly low, reflecting the pervasiveness of the feminization of poverty. Women are employed mainly in the informal and agricultural sectors, 9 where they remain largely invisible and poor, but where they are estimated to contribute more than more than one third of GNP. Despite women s legal rights to own and inherit property, very few women have access and control over such rights and resources. 10 ONE UN REPORT

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21 Delivering as One in Pakistan Delivering as One in Pakistan One Leader Background In 2005, a high-level panel on system-wide coherence in development, humanitarian assistance and the environment was established. 11 The panel put forth recommendations leading to greater efficiency and effectiveness of the UN system as a whole. In its report, Delivering as One, the panel made recommendations regarding operations, funding and resource allocation, joint programming and empowered leadership. Initially, eight countries, including Pakistan, volunteered to pilot the programme. Delivering as One is intended to streamline UN interventions, increase national ownership, improve joint programming among UN organisations at the country level, reduce transaction costs and increase harmonization and accountability through four main pillars: One Leader, One Budget, 12 One Office and One Programme. A fifth pillar, One Voice, was added after inception. The One UN Programme I in Pakistan ( ) was developed during the Delivering as One pilot phase. The One UN Programme I focused on five thematic joint programmes: agriculture, rural development and poverty reduction; disaster risk management; environment; education; and health and population. There were four crosscutting issues: gender, human rights, civil society and refugees. The second iteration of the One UN Programme II ( ) focuses on six strategic priority areas (SPAs), aligned with national priorities, and includes four normative principles: human rights, gender equality, capacity development and environmental sustainability. The Resident Coordinator and the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), comprising the heads of UN agencies in Pakistan, work together to provide technical support and strategic oversight for the implementation of the One UN Programme in Pakistan. The following management arrangements support their leadership: Operations Management Team: Advances common business practices, including aspects of finance, administration, procurement, information and communications technology, human resources, etc. Programme Management Team: Manages the planning, implementation and monitoring of the One UN Programme and ensures the Programme s coherence across the SPAs. Inter-Agency Group on Gender Equality: Group of experts further develops capacities and provides technical support to effectively address gender perspectives within the context of the One UN Programme. Human Rights Task Force: Composed of heads of UN agencies and provides technical support for the advancement of human rights and the human rights-based approach to programming throughout the implementation of the One UN Programme. UN Communications Group: Raises awareness of the country s development priorities, engages counterparts in communicating those priorities and keeps the donor community informed regarding the achievements of the One UN Programme. ONE UN REPORT

22 One Fund The Pakistan One Fund, 13 operational since 2009, has managed a portfolio of US$84.8 million to date. The fund is an important UN reform instrument for UN country coherence and addresses critical funding gaps in Delivering as One programming. The 2014 funds originate from the Delivering Results Together Fund and the Kingdom of Norway. A communication strategy for was developed and implemented with support from the UNCT The One Fund in Pakistan supports new initiatives that allow the UN to respond to emerging needs, and helps strengthen the convening power of the UN by bringing together UN agencies and line ministries to jointly agree on planning, as well as implementing, joint programming. $84.8m portfolio has been managed since 2009 by the Pakistan One Fund One Office: Operations In line with the principles of the One UN Programme, and to support the delivery of the SPA outcomes, operations in Pakistan continued to be harmonised in 2014 to reduce parallel processes and promote cost effective practices. One Voice: Communications The inter-agency UN Communications Group supports UNCT efforts to communicate as one. A communication strategy for was developed and implemented with support from the UNCT. Improved media partnerships and links with the private sector have helped raise awareness and have improved dialogue with youth, media, journalists and national institutions One Office key actions General administration Staff trained in operations management in line with best practices from other countries Human resources Funds acquired to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the One UN recruitment web portal and augment the diverse workforce, with a focus on women, minorities and people from remote areas Exit process guidelines developed to support staff retention and improve workplace effectiveness Information and communications technology Information technology staff from various agencies trained on emergency management, in some cases during emergency relief operations Budgeting and finance Daily subsistence rates harmonized for non- United Nations personnel, improving relations with government counterparts and partners 18

23 Delivering as One in Pakistan 2014 One Voice Key actions In 2014, the UN focused its communications activities on reaching out to the public to increase recognition of the UN, and engaging with the Pakistani media and educational institutions on key UN messages. In 2014, the UN in Pakistan focused its communications activities on reaching out to the public to increase recognition of the UN and on strengthening partnerships with the Pakistani media and educational institutions. Special events in 2014 included 1,000 Girls for Education, a youth event attended by UN Special Envoy for Global Education Gordon Brown, which involved more than 1,000 young female students advocating for the right to education. In response to Pakistan s landmark decision to double its education budget from 2 to 4 percent of GDP, Mr. Brown announced US$1 billion in support for Pakistan s education plan, together representing the biggest education expansion in the country s history. The UN Secretary-General s Envoy on Youth, Mr. Ahmad Alhendawi, visited Pakistan in Several events involving youth were organised for his visit, including a Youth Forum with more than 200 participants, an art exhibition Art for Peace: The Young Pakistani Vision that featured the work of young Pakistani artists, and meetings with young entrepreneurs, Government counterparts and civil society representatives. UN Day 2014 was marked with a special photo exhibition, Pakistani People and United Nations Human stories through photography. A selection of unique photos depicting Pakistani peacekeepers was also included to pay tribute to Pakistan s valuable contribution to UN Peacekeeping missions around the world. The guest of honour at the event, Mr. Pervaiz Rashid, Federal Minister of Information, Broadcasting, National Heritage, Law, Justice and Human Rights, observed that such work can play a vital role in building public support for UN activities in Pakistan. Media outreach activities in 2014 included a media field visit to Talangang to observe micro-credit programmes for farmers, a field visit to Gujar Khan on women s empowerment, and a meet-the-press session, which provided an opportunity for both UN communications staff and journalists to gain a better understanding of each other s requirements for good coverage of development and humanitarian stories. Communications workshops were held in Gilgit-Baltistan and KP to strengthen relations with province-based stakeholders and to improve understanding of UN work and the UN s unique position as an international partner providing humanitarian and development assistance in Pakistan. The UN Communications Group also supported the production of some 35 radio programmes and 25 talk shows covering key issues. Opinion pieces by senior UN officials were successfully placed in major media outlets. Professional communications products, including photo reporting and video news releases highlighting issues related to the displacement of people from NWA, were produced and disseminated through UNifeed (the UN video distribution service), as well as through national and international media. To facilitate information sharing across broad audiences, the UN Communications Group continued to produce its bi-monthly newsletter, United Nations Pakistan, which illustrates the work of the UN system. In 2014, the newsletter was revised and a new content plan and visual design were developed to increase its appeal. The newsletter is disseminated to a wide range of recipients from the Government, the UN system, non-governmental organizations, the diplomatic community, donors and media. In 2014, efforts were also made to strengthen the UN Communications Group through regular meetings to discuss and plan joint activities and briefing sessions with experts on best practices for producing high quality video news releases. In addition, the team acquired a mobile, state-ofthe-art multimedia studio, including a high definition video camera, sound and audio systems and editing equipment. ONE UN REPORT

24 One UN Programme II ( ) Strategic priority areas The Government of Pakistan and the UN identified six SPAs, or goals, in which the UN has a comparative advantage and can significantly contribute over the five-year implementation period. The SPAs reflect priorities identified through national and provincial consultations. Working groups, organized around each SPA, provide a platform for strategic guidance, collaboration, coordination and coherent dialogue with the Government throughout the year. UN programming principles As the One UN Programme looks to a future that fosters greater social justice for all, UN programming embraces the key normative UN programming principles. These are: capacity development, gender equality, environmental sustainability and human rights. These crosscutting issues underpin the values and ethical considerations evident across all procedures, programmes, systems and initiatives of the One UN Programme and are vital principles against which to guide and benchmark achievements. Pursuing its equity agenda, the UN in Pakistan promoted effective responses to gender-based inequalities in 2014 both through a dedicated SPA focusing exclusively on gender, and also through the inclusion of gender as a crosscutting issue throughout all SPAs. As an influential component of a robust longterm development plan and the OP II, capacity development and leadership remained crucial to building up the capabilities of rights holders themselves throughout the reporting year. As Pakistan strives to fulfil MDG 7 on ensuring environmental sustainability, the UN unceasingly supports Government authorities, civil society organizations and communities to adapt to the impending catastrophes that climate change can bring. Mitigation and adaptation techniques and sustainable energy solutions provide the basis for programming. In 2014, UN programming focused on human rights issues, such as child marriage, bonded labour and minority rights, as well as the shortage of equitable laws and policies. Progress came in the form of a partnership between the UN and the Government, which jointly committed to national priority development areas for equity. 20

25 Delivering as One in Pakistan Human rights-based approach Over the last decade there has been significant progress in mainstreaming human rights into the work of the UN system, including in Pakistan. In a human rights-based approach to programming and development, the aim of all activities is to contribute directly to the realisation of one or more human rights. Human rights principles such as universality, indivisibility, nondiscrimination, participation and the rule of law guide all phases of the programming process. This approach leads to better and more sustainable outcomes. One UN Programme II management arrangements The OP II management and coordination architecture articulates the principles of partnership and government ownership, as well as UN coherence. At the federal level, a high level committee supports overall strategic guidance to the Delivering as One process and the implementation of the One UN Programme. A total of nine administrative area steering committees were established in 2013 at national, provincial and regional levels, to provide monitoring oversight and guidance to the devolved priorities and targets of the Operational Plan. Senior government representatives co-chair the steering committees, together with the relevant UN agency. The specified UN agency represents the Resident Coordinator at the provincial level and takes the lead on UN coordination. This is the first time that the entire UN has been represented on a sub-national level, and has worked with all line departments of the Government. OPII Management architecture ONE UN REPORT

26 Strategic Priority Areas for Pakistan 6 Strategic priority areas (SPAs) comprise the One UN Programme II for Pakistan 1Vulnerable and marginalised populations have equitable access to and use of quality services 4Strengthened governance and social cohesion 2 3 Inclusive economic growth through the development of sustainable livelihoods 5 6 Gender equality and social justice Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks Food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable groups UN Delivery per Strategic Priority Area of OPII in

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29 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results One UN Programme II Focus on results 14 Strategic Priority Area 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Policy environment, legislation, budgetary allocation and accountability mechanisms strengthened in support of equitable access to basic services for human development Increased public awareness/ behaviour change to ensure vulnerable and excluded populations practice safe behaviour, as well as access and use quality services, including housing Capacity for equitable social service delivery improved at all levels, including using innovative technology Introduction Equitable access to and use of quality basic social services, especially by vulnerable and marginalized populations, is a development prerequisite for Pakistan. Based on its current trajectory, Pakistan is unlikely to achieve its health, water, sanitation, shelter/ housing, nutrition and education-related MDGs, which will have a major impact on poverty reduction and economic growth. The work of the UN will, therefore, continue to support the overall policy and legislative environment for basic social services, including a strong focus on reaching the most marginalized and vulnerable populations in Pakistan. ONE UN REPORT

30 SPA 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services The UN has therefore focused advocacy efforts on increasing political support for family planning. In 2014, advocacy efforts targeted key ministries and departments of population, health, planning and finance, as well as religious leaders. The UN used its convening power to create a regular platform for discussion, planning, monitoring and evaluation. This dialogue will provide a source for informed programming and budgeting for reproductive health and family planning. Health Building support for reproductive health and family planning Access to family planning services remains unacceptably low in Pakistan. Nearly two thirds of married women do not use contraception and nearly a quarter of married women have expressed an unmet need for family planning. These rates are highest among less educated women and women in the lowest income quintile, indicating considerable and complex barriers to accessing reproductive health services. 15 2/3 of women do not use contraception Empowering community midwives As frontline care providers during both pregnancy and childbirth, in a context where so many deliveries occur in the home, community midwives are the backbone of community-based reproductive health services. Recognizing the importance of their skillset, the UN has strengthened the capacity of the Provincial Maternal Neonatal and Child Health Programme and the Pakistan Nursing Council to provide better education and training to midwives and ensure they have the requisite skills. The UN is also working with the Midwifery Association of Pakistan to promote midwifery education and practices and improve the image of the midwifery profession in Pakistan. Thanks to UN support to the Sindh Provincial Maternal Neonatal and Child Health Programme, some 190 freshly graduated community midwives received refresher trainings and essential supplies, including kits, equipment and furniture, to set up community clinics in 10 districts in Sindh. These midwives are now agents of change in their communities, capable of reaching out to women and providing better services. 1/4 of married women have expressed an unmet need for family planning 26

31 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results To build capacity for and increase access to family planning, the UN launched the Family Planning Voucher, an innovative health financing intervention that has already benefitted thousands of poor and vulnerable women in 11 remote and disadvantaged districts. A total of 5,605 family planning vouchers were distributed in 2014, of which 3,891 were redeemed. An estimated 2,783 unintended pregnancies, four maternal deaths and 303 unsafe abortions were averted as a result. In addition, the network of regional training institutes under the population welfare departments was given the resources needed to provide quality family planning training to service providers at the community level. 5,605 family planning vouchers were distributed in ,500 cases of obstetric fistula occur in Pakistan every year PrevenTIng and treating OBSTeTRIC fistula A major risk associated with reproductive health is obstetric fistula, a serious internal injury caused by prolonged, obstructed labour without treatment. An estimated 3,500 cases of obstetric fistula occur in Pakistan every year. As part of its commitment to improving sexual and reproductive health in Pakistan, the UN is supporting fistula prevention, treatment and social reintegration through the End Fistula Campaign. In 2014 one national and six regional fistula centres received UN support to provide free fistula treatment and patient rehabilitation. In 2014, with UN support, 1,150 female service providers received training on family planning counselling and services and 24 Department of Health and Population Welfare officials were trained in procurement and security processes related to reproductive health commodities. As part of efforts to ensure access to reproductive health services for youth, an Adolescent Counselling Cell was established in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, in collaboration with the Population Welfare Department Punjab. The Cell provides counselling and treatment referrals to adolescents and young people. ONE UN REPORT

32 SPA 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Improving maternal, newborn and child health Progress towards lowering the high maternal, underfive, infant and neonatal mortality rates has been slow in Pakistan. The UN has therefore supported the development of a National Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) Acceleration Plan ( ) to enhance progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 (reduce child mortality) and 5 (improve maternal health). The Plan focused on improving MNCH services in the 70 neediest districts in the country, including increasing immunization coverage, strengthening neonatal care, building the capacity of care providers in child health, managing child nutrition, and providing perinatal care, skilled birth attendance, obstetric emergency care and family planning, among other interventions. The Plan builds on known and cost-effective strategies, while also focusing on innovative life-saving interventions for mothers and children. In 2014, UN support also focused on developing newborn care strategies and action plans in all provinces/areas. A national strategy for the local production, implementation and scale-up of chlorhexidine (CHX) was drafted to improve newborn care through umbilical cord care. Advocacy efforts led to the addition of CHX to the national and provincial essential drug lists and already, three pharmaceutical companies have applied to register and locally produce CHX. 1,500 health care providers were trained enabling the implementation of best practices in health facilities The Norway Pakistan partnership initiative provided an opportunity to test and demonstrate best practices in MNCH, including innovative financing models and voucher schemes. These were tested, demonstrated and eventually evaluated and handed over to the Sindh Department of Health to further scale up and incorporate into government planning and budgeting. The UN also continued to support the development of standards, guidelines and training manuals to strengthen MNCH services, including integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness (IMNCI), essential newborn care (ENC), pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum and newborn care (PCPNC). Capacity for MNCH was also strengthened by training nearly 1,500 health care providers on these subjects, enabling the implementation of best practices in health facilities. 28

33 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Building skills for IMNCI In 2014, the UN continued to support health care providers to provide efficient and sustainable MNCH services in their communities. This included the initiation of pre-service trainings covering IMNCI, ENC and PCPNC in medical schools in Punjab and KP. The trainings introduce clinical and public health concepts and approaches in IMNCI into medical and paramedical education, before graduates enter service. Skill enhancement has been demonstrated to be the most cost effective intervention for strengthening MNCH. As a first step, in 2014, 12 medical colleges in Punjab and 5 in KP were included in pre-service trainings. Paediatrics and community medicine departments are now jointly implementing pre-service IMNCI. All undergraduate students are receiving training on IMNCI protocols, and thus all future doctors will be equipped to implement the IMNCI guideline. Building on this success, similar work to incorporate ENC and PNPNC into preservice training is ongoing. In addition, centres of excellence for training and skills development were established throughout the country. Equipped with modern technologies and state-of-the-art training facilities, these centres are strengthening the capacities of provincial health departments to provide more technical training on IMNCI. With UN support, four provincial and two area departments of health conducted an equity analysis of immunization access and coverage in selected districts. Improvement plans will be developed based on the results. A national knowledge, attitude, practice and behaviour (KAPB) study assessing barriers to immunization was finalized, and will support the development of a national communication strategy on routine immunization. The KAPB research will serve as a reference document for policy makers to use for planning future interventions. EnSURIng access to health care Social health insurance is key to health care access for marginalized and vulnerable groups, and allows for the implementation of equity-focused policies and strategies. The UN is therefore advocating for the expansion of health insurance schemes across Pakistan. In 2014, this involved the development of a roadmap for establishing a national gender-sensitive health insurance scheme to provide health care protection to marginalized women and children. The programme will not only give the poor and vulnerable access to much needed health services without the financial burden, but will also help revolutionize Pakistan s health infrastructure. Increasing immunization coverage and access The 54 percent national immunization coverage reported in the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey highlighted the country s need for the continued development and modification of policies and strategies for routine immunization coverage. In response, the UN supported the Government to develop and endorse the Comprehensive Multi-Year Plan, for the Expanded Programme on Immunization, under the framework of A Promise Renewed, a campaign to end preventable child and maternal deaths. ONE UN REPORT

34 SPA 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Generating demand for immunization Mai Sakeena, 40, has four sons and six grandchildren. She has spent most of her life without access to the basic resources essential to a healthy life. Today, however, she is a role model for women in her community for having adopted positive health behaviours that are being promoted by the UN among marginalized communities. When I got married, we had no concept of prevention through immunization or even consulting the doctor for our illnesses, said Mai. For us, a daj (traditional birth attendant) was the doctor and our guide to all mother and child health related issues. If a newborn died, we would accept it as fate, not knowing that we could have saved a life by taking a preventive action. Now we know the importance of routine immunization, for both women and children, and I encourage not only my daughters-in-law, but other women in the community as well to be vaccinated on a regular basis. Mai was reached through UN efforts under the Immunization and Healthcare for Vulnerable Children Immunization Plus Project aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. The project uses the Reach Every District strategy to support the National Expanded Programme on Immunization to achieve its targets. In addition to ensuring children in identified districts have access to quality immunization services, the project aims to increase the knowledge of care providers on the safe utilization of immunization services. Halting the spread of polio Pakistan is one of three countries in the world where polio is still characterized as an endemic viral infection. In 2014, 306 polio cases 85 percent of the world s polio cases were reported in Pakistan. Security challenges, threats to polio workers and bans on vaccination activities all contributed to the recent upsurge in cases, while the displacement of families due to military operations in 2014 potentially spread the virus further into lower risk areas. In 2014, the UN worked with stakeholders to galvanize commitment, participation and accountability to achieve the milestones set forth in the National Emergency Action Plan for Polio Eradication. Immunization campaigns continued in 2014, with a focus on high-risk union councils. A total of 30 immunization campaigns were held throughout the country. On average, 34 million children reached in their homes, at transit points, health camps and health care facilities were vaccinated in each national immunization campaign. Polio Plus In 1988, UNICEF, WHO, Rotary International and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention formed a partnership to support national governments to immunize all children against polio and thereby halt polio transmission around the world. Polio Plus, the largest internationally-coordinated public health effort in history, recognizes that the eradication of polio requires efforts on multiple fronts, including stopping transmission, expanding focus to improve childhood immunization and protecting public health gains made to-date. The equity-focused agenda of the Polio Plus approach addresses the most underserved communities and makes a persistent effort to immunize children through mass campaigns. 30

35 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Mobilizing health workers to fight polio Frontline health workers are the backbone of the polio eradication initiative. More than 180,000 frontline health workers participated in the national campaigns to vaccinate children. In 2014, COMNet, the social mobilization and communication network that tracks children missed by vaccination efforts, facilitated the immunization of some 100,000 missed children through the deployment of more than 1,800 social mobilizers and 600 female frontline workers at the community level. The network reached communities on the move by deploying social mobilizers at key transit sites; successfully negotiated access to 76,000 unvaccinated children in FATA; and engaged over 800 female workers to focus on mothers and newborns. A key milestone in 2014 was the establishment of the government-led Emergency Operations Centre. The Centre brings partners together for technical, communications, surveillance and monitoring oversight of polio emergency activities. The UN also established the first electronic national cold chain equipment manager (CCEM) database to improve vaccine management and ensure the availability of sufficient cold chain equipment for safe vaccine coverage, transport and delivery. In 2014, more than 380 million doses of polio vaccine were procured and delivered to children under 5 years of age. Moving forward, plans for improving vaccine management will be informed by the Effective Vaccine Management assessment, which was completed in STRenGTHening integrated services Funding from the IKEA Foundation and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) provided an opportunity to strengthen joint programming both within the health sector and between health and other sectors, including nutrition, WASH, education and child protection. The CIDA Polio Plus initiative provided a platform to develop integrated packages of services in polio high-risk districts. The UN has also renewed advocacy and technical assistance to strengthen the Reach Every District (RED)/ Reach Every Union Council (REUC) approach, increase routine immunization coverage overall and reach the most marginalized children. Key Results 16 34m children reached in each National Immunization Day 380m doses of polio vaccine procured and delivered to children under 5 years of age 100,000 missed children immunized through the deployment of 1,800 social mobilizers and 600 female frontline workers More than 180,000 frontline health workers participated in national vaccination campaigns 100% coverage of measles campaigns in Sindh, KP and PAK ONE UN REPORT

36 SPA 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Key Results 17 Strengthening the HIV response Pakistan has an estimated 94,000 persons living with HIV, less than 0.1 percent of the population. The HIV epidemic in Pakistan remains concentrated among key populations practicing high-risk behaviours, particularly people who inject drugs, transgender people, male sex workers and, to a lesser extent, female sex workers. Returned overseas migrants and their families are also disproportionately impacted by HIV. As part of its response in 2014, the UN focused on strengthening the policy environment for HIV prevention and care. The National AIDS Control Programme was supported to publish the Pakistan Country Strategy for HIV Testing and the HIV Communications Strategy, which have made HIV testing more convenient for communities. The HIV Treatment as Prevention initiative was introduced and accepted by the Government of KP as a standard approach to preventing HIV transmission from husbands to wives. In 2014, 85 HIV-positive people were placed on treatment through this initiative. The UN also supported the development of the Pakistan AIDS Strategy III and technically supported the development of project documents in Sindh (pending approval), Punjab (approved) and Balochistan (pending approval). 85 HIV-positive people placed on treatment through the HIV Treatment as Prevention Initiative 1,710 wives and children of HIV-positive people who inject drugs received HIV testing and counselling services 2,000 female drug users, 1,900 female prisoners and 1,300 Afghan refugees accessed harm reduction services 6,031 women tested for HIV in five provinces 1,500 HIV-positive pregnant women identified and received treatment and services 32

37 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results HIV prevention for people who use drugs The National Survey on Drug Use in Pakistan was launched by the Secretary of the Narcotics Control Division in March, and emphasized the increasing numbers of people who inject drugs, their risk behaviours and the need for comprehensive interventions. In response, the UN worked to raise awareness of drug use by supporting harm reduction services, and built the capacity of partners to deliver these services to target populations. In 2014, 2,000 women who use drugs, 1,900 female prisoners and 1,300 Afghan refugees accessed HIV and harm reduction services. The UN also organized a series of capacity building workshops, including on the prevention of drug use and HIV in prisons (reaching 150 prison officials), gender responsive harm reduction services (reaching 30 non-governmental organization staff) and effective approaches to engaging vulnerable people through law enforcement. A global training manual for law enforcement officials on HIV service provision for people who inject drugs has been translated for use in Pakistan. Capacity building for health care providers continued at prevention of parent-to-child transmission centres in selected districts to strengthen service provision and referral for HIV-positive pregnant women. All of the 1,500 HIV-positive pregnant women identified received prevention of parent-to-child transmission services, including antiretroviral treatment. Moving forward, the newly published Pakistan Country Strategy for HIV Testing and Counselling, as well as the system involving an initial rapid HIV test at the community level followed by two confirmation tests at a health facility, will support improved identification of HIV-positive pregnant women. Similarly, the UN supported the development of consolidated HIV treatment guidelines and provided training for health care providers from all four provinces and Islamabad Capital Territory. To build capacity for HIV prevention, home-based HIV testing and counselling (HTC) was piloted in three districts in Punjab. Some 1,710 wives and children of HIV-positive people who inject drugs received HTC services in home settings. Of these, 91 women and 7 children were found to be HIV-positive and linked to treatment services. The UN also demonstrated the utility of community outreach to HIV high-risk groups. More than 6,000 women were tested and offered counselling, referrals to treatment and prevention services in Punjab, Sindh, KP and Balochistan provinces. ONE UN REPORT

38 SPA 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Water, sanitation and hygiene Increasing access to water, sanitation and hygiene In line with MDG 7, the UN works to increase equitable and sustainable access to safe water, basic sanitation services and improved hygiene. In 2014, the UN worked to strengthen the policy environment by supporting a number of key frameworks. The Punjab Sanitation Policy was approved by the Chief Minister and presented to the Cabinet; the Punjab WASH Sector Strategic Master Plan was developed and approved by the Chairman of the Planning and Development Department; the Sindh Sanitation Strategy was approved by the Cabinet; the WASH Balochistan Drinking Water and Sanitation Policy/ Strategy and Action Plan drafts are being finalized; and the FATA Drinking Water Policy was approved. The UN has also invested in the development of appropriate strategic frameworks to reduce the environmental burden of disease and ensure that the health and wellbeing of people are safeguarded from physical, chemical, biological and environmental risks and hazards. A draft environmental health action plan was developed with partners at the national level, and followed by the drafting of provincial environmental health strategies for both Punjab and KP. BUILD My SCHOOL Better Working with a range of partners, the UN has raised awareness and built capacities at the community level for water and sanitation. The Build My School Better project was implemented in 100 government schools in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In addition to rehabilitating WASH facilities, the project develops the capacity of school administrators, teachers and parents to promote behaviour change around water, sanitation and hygiene. New facilities are now benefitting approximately 15,000 students. Key Results 20,000 people benefited from the construction of water towers and a reverse osmosis water filtration plant in Karachi Gadap 15,000 students are benefitting from new WASH facilities in schools 74,000 children gained access to WASH facilities 920,000 people (against the targeted 1.6 million) gained access to an improved water source 34

39 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results The Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water (GLASS), a UN water project, was initiated in Pakistan. A useful resource for stakeholders involved in sanitation and water projects, GLASS will complement the sector review process, support assessment of the enabling environment and identify enablers and barriers. With UN support, Pakistan s national GLASS project team is in the process of completing the next GLASS report. The UN also demonstrated innovative technology and social solutions through pilot WASH projects. Pilot models and equity-focused Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation (PATS) model villages were established in four provinces, targeting the most disadvantaged rural and urban populations. Some 920,000 people (against the targeted 1.6 million) gained access to an improved water source, and nearly 74,000 children were reached with WASH facilities. WASH in Karachi Gadap The UN launched a WASH project in Karachi Gadap to assist communities with basic WASH needs. Some 20,000 people benefited from the construction of water towers and a reverse osmosis water filtration plant supplying a consistent supply of safe drinking water. Students in local coastal community schools were organized into water wise clubs and trained on the importance of improved water and environmental sanitation conditions and awareness. ONE UN REPORT

40 SPA 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Education Despite strong legislative and political commitments for education, achieving the target of improved access to and better quality of education is still a challenge. In 2014, an estimated 6.7 million primary school aged children remained out of school in Pakistan. In response, the UN and partners continued intensive advocacy for greater resource allocation to education. Following Pakistan s admission to the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), the UN leveraged resources to support alignment with the GPE programme and strengthened governance and learning quality. 6.7m primary school aged children remained out of school in Pakistan To raise awareness and support inclusion of vulnerable populations, the UN supported the dissemination of more than 1,000 copies of the publication, Education for Sustainable Development: Good Practices from Pakistan, which focuses on emerging trends, including peace, social harmony, disaster risk reduction, human rights and school hygiene. The publication reached public education institutions, libraries and other stakeholders. The UN also developed materials on active learning, social cohesion and resilience. Capacity development efforts included the development of the Annual Education Atlas, a critical tool for developing education policy and advocacy, as well as technical assistance on its implementation. The Atlas will facilitate the development and dissemination of education indicators and data. Gordon Brown pledges US$1 billion in support to education in Pakistan In 2014, UN Special Envoy for Global Education Gordon Brown announced a financial programme to help Pakistan s 6.7 million out-of-school children get an education. His pledge of an additional US$500 million for education brings the total global investment in education in Pakistan to more than US$1 billion over the next three years. The pledge was made following the Government of Pakistan s commitment to inject another US$4.6 billion annually into the education system, making the national and global investments the biggest education expansion in the country s history. Mr. Brown noted that when implemented, the project could exceed the targets in Pakistan s Accelerated Plan of Action, developed with the UN, and the country could achieve universal education by December Ministers from all provinces also agreed to adopt and implement Article 25 of the Pakistani Constitution, which makes education free and compulsory for all. Pakistan has come a long way from a time when most children were not in school, said Mr. Brown at a rally for girls education. In Punjab, an ambitious plan placed 1 million children in school in only a year. Now the whole of the country can benefit from this expansion of education that will help to support opportunity for its people. 36

41 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results 2.8m people with improved livelihoods, sanitation and hygiene practices, upgraded access to education, health care and water EnSURIng access to education for refugees and host communities To ensure that refugees and host communities attain their right to education, the UN implemented 163 Refugee Affected Hosting Areas (RAHA) projects in more than 100 host communities, in coordination with relevant authorities. These interventions contributed to improved livelihoods, sanitation and hygiene practices, as well as upgraded access to education, health care and water for about 2.8 million people. Child protection Clear progress has been made in the alignment of child-related laws and policies in Pakistan to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other relevant international standards. Following the passage of the Child Protection Act in 2013, the Government of Gilgit Baltistan assigned a budget to establish child protection structures in the region. Additional child protection policy reviews and legislative enactments/reforms are in process at the provincial level and throughout the country. Examples include the Child Protection Act (Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab); the Prohibition of Employment of Children Act (Punjab and Balochistan); and the Child Marriage Restraint Act (Punjab and KP). At the provincial level, curricula, rules and guidelines related to minimum standards for children in alternative care, standard bylaws on birth registration and standard operating procedures for child protection units have been drafted and are at various stages of endorsement. To address the limited data and research available on child protection systems, a range of studies and assessments have been commissioned by various provincial governments, with UN support. Work is ongoing to finalize the mapping and assessment of provincial child protection systems. An evaluation of Protective Learning and Community Emergency Services was completed in A child responsive budgeting exercise was carried out in Punjab to enable the Government to analyse planning and programming budgets from a child-centred perspective. Two major studies are underway in KP and Karachi on the situation of adolescents in urban areas, with the aim of generating evidence to inform potential policy responses regarding the emerging challenge of urbanization and its impact on children. Child Marriage Restraint Act In December 2014, with UN support, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed in Sindh to raise the age of marriage for girls from 16 to 18. Despite this achievement, some caveats in the legislation remain, particularly with regard to the absence of nullification provisions for marriages involving children. ONE UN REPORT

42 Strategic Priority Area 2 Inclusive economic growth through the development of sustainable livelihoods Creation of employment opportunities and decent work through industry, construction, services, vocational/ skill training, agricultural and cultural development, as well as promoting youth employment and publicprivate partnerships Industrial development, both urban and rural, emphasizing small and medium enterprise/ industry development, women s participation, clean development and sustainable energy supply and use at affordable cost Equitable and fair trade promotion enhanced 4 Key causes and consequences of population growth addressed Introduction Recent Government statistics show a reduction in absolute poverty between 2002 and 2006, with a decrease in the poverty headcount from 34.5 percent in to 22.3 percent in However, economic growth has recently stalled, and even when strong, growth has not led to significant improvements in human development. Recognizing that inclusive growth strategies require comprehensive and holistic approaches, the UN has worked to strengthen institutional capacities in Pakistan to increase sustainable livelihoods and decent work for the poor and vulnerable. Informing public policy through evidence Recognizing that the current poverty measurement was not proving a useful tool for informing public policy and resource allocation discourse, the UN supported the Planning Commission to test and adopt the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index as an official poverty measure. The Index has already been incorporated into the Pakistan Vision 2025 as a baseline for measuring government performance. Joining the debate with Development Advocate Pakistan In 2014, the UN repositioned itself to play a proactive role in policy debates, launching a quarterly policy publication, Development Advocate Pakistan. The publication provides analysis and opinions on key development challenges in Pakistan, including local governance, electoral reforms, education and the political economy of the budget. 38

43 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Accelerated framework for education The UN was instrumental in Pakistan s adoption, for the first time, of the MDGs Accelerated Framework (MAF) approach for increasing enrolment and the quality of primary education. The process of adopting MAF not only brought the federal and provincial governments together in dialogue, but was also instrumental in synergizing the efforts of UN agencies and the World Bank to provide coordinated support for universal primary education in Pakistan. As part of the process towards the post-2015 development agenda, the UN successfully led the second round of consultations on the role and importance of capacities and institutions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The first graduates of the BUILDIng YOUng FUTURes PROGRAMMe are set to begin their careers The UN and Barclays are engaged in a global partnership to help young people fulfil their potential. The project empowers young people with the confidence and skills needed to start their own businesses or secure employment and thereby achieve stronger economic futures for themselves and their communities. In April 2014, the UN and partners hosted a graduation ceremony in Lahore to award certificates to the first batch of students that have completed their employment training course through the Building Young Futures Project. These first graduates, who attended in 17 vocational training institutes in eight districts, subsequently began a two-month job placement with businesses linked to their selected vocational area to further develop their personal and professional skill sets. The Building Young Futures Project was developed and implemented in partnership with the Punjab Vocational Training Council and the Department of Youth Affairs, Sports, Archaeology and Tourism. It focuses on improving income generation opportunities for the most socially excluded and vulnerable adolescents in selected districts of Punjab by providing them with life skills, demand-driven skills, financial literacy and enterprise skills through a recognized and certified training course. Employment opportunities for temporarily displaced populations Following massive displacement in NWA due to the June 2014 military operation, the UN, in collaboration with the Provincial Disaster Management Authority, established an Emergency Employment Information Centre in Bannu District. By the end of 2014, the Centre had registered more than 2,000 women and men from NWA, including 1,500 who were referred to employment opportunities. Some 300 women and men accessed employment opportunities and 50 women and men re-established their economic activities through an asset replenishment scheme and 5,000 days of work created under the Cash for Work programme. Since 2010, more than 6,000 women and men have been trained in high demand trades, resulting in a more than 80 percent employment rate. ONE UN REPORT

44 SPA 2 Inclusive economic growth through the development of sustainable livelihoods Improving the livelihoods of home-based workers In 2014, the UN focused advocacy efforts and technical support to local governments and partners on the human and economic rights of female HBWs. The result has been improved access for some 18,000 informal HBWs to skills development, income generation opportunities, social security/health benefits and microcredit schemes, enabling them to participate more fully in the formal economy. Some 100 skilled HBWs increased their income fivefold from PKR 2,500-3,000 to PKR 14,000-15,000 in Sialkot, Punjab after gaining employment in the formal workforce. In addition, 1,400 female HBWs accessed financial and business development services in two districts in Punjab. The UN also supported the employable skills enhancement of 1,624 female HBWs in Punjab and Sindh. Through public and private social security schemes, 1,366 female HBWs accessed social security benefits in Punjab and Sindh. More than 300 female HBWs began growing green leafy vegetables through container gardening, increasing food security for themselves and their families. Key Results 18,000 informal home-based workers gained access to skills development, income generation opportunities, benefits and microcredit schemes PKR15,000 increase on the monthly income of 100 skilled home-based workers in Punjab after gaining employment in the formal workforce Leading early recovery initiatives in flood/earthquake affected areas The 2010 floods and earthquakes adversely affected agricultural production in the Swat District of KP. To address this issue and increase the resilience of affected communities to disaster, the UN launched a multi-pronged early recovery project that aims to provide local communities with access to markets and increase employment opportunities for local labourers and contractors. Six pedestrian bridges were rehabilitated, benefitting more than 30,000 people; and two irrigation channels are being constructed, servicing some 25,000 acres of agricultural land and benefitting some 50,000 people. The project has increased employment opportunities for local labourers and contractors by providing the local community with access to markets. 40

45 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Promoting investment To promote the growth of sustainable and inclusive small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and industries (SMIs), the UN supported the identification and formulation of investment opportunities in various sectors (e.g. auto, leather, etc.). In addition, business incubation centres in nine public sector universities were strengthened in collaboration with the higher education commission. The centres provide local on-the-spot diagnoses and treatments for business problems, significantly reducing the failure rate of small enterprises in the early stages of their development. Sustainable energy A UN-supported project promotes the adoption of biomass gasification technologies for power generation and thermal applications. The aim is to decrease reliance on the national grid, thereby reducing carbon emissions, and to encourage entrepreneurship in sustainable energy. The project supports multiple pilot initiatives in Punjab, including a 3 megawatt rice husk based gasification power plant, a 1 megawatt wood residue based gasification power plant, a 1 megawatt biomass gasification plant and a 300 kilowatt rural electrification through biomass gasification plant. These initiatives have set the country on a course towards energy efficiency. Promoting clean technology In 2014, clean technology was promoted through the CLEANTECH programme, which supported 28 SMEs and start-ups in Pakistan through extensive mentoring, training, access to investors and opportunities to showcase their innovations. Focus areas include renewable energy, energy efficiency, waste-to-energy and water efficiency. Winners were awarded prizes ranging from US$25,000 to US$30,000 and the national winner received mentorship and training in Silicon Valley, USA. ONE UN REPORT

46 SPA 2 Inclusive economic growth through the development of sustainable livelihoods Key Results US4m in shipments made to the EU 2,000 fishermen from 17 villages trained to participate in EU export market 100 new firms enabled to export to the EU Building capacity for trade As part of efforts to promote policies and support mechanisms for inclusive trade and development, the UN supported the resumption of fish exports to the EU after a seven-year ban. As a result, 38 shipments were made to the EU, surpassing US$4 million. Some 100 new firms exported to the EU through improved industrial competitiveness and nearly 2,000 fishermen from 17 different coastal villages were trained to resume export to the EU market. South-South cooperation The International Conference of South Asian and Regional Countries on MGDs 4, 5 and 6 on the Perspective of DHS Evidence Based Best Practices to Reduce Maternal Mortality, Infant Mortality and Population Growth Rate was held in June 2014 at the National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad. International experts agreed to enhance regional cooperation and share the best practices of countries in the region to achieve the MDG targets. This type of South-South cooperation is instrumental in developing solutions that are best adapted to the region and increasing technical and peer-to-peer exchange. Reinvigorating the mango trade In 2014, the UN supported the adoption and dissemination of Good Agricultural Practices to improve the yield and quality of mangoes and kinnow mandarins. Business arrangements and trade linkages were also established. As a result, 30 tons of mangos were exported to high-end buyers and 350 tons of kinnow mandarins were exported to Malaysia in tons of mangos were exported 42

47 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Enhancing demographic data To address the major causes and consequences of population growth, the UN is supporting key decision makers to conduct demographic research and utilize data in the formulation of economic and labour policies. Fifty-two staff members from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) working on geographic information systems (GIS) were trained in modern GIS technology and tools to enhance capacity for the sixth national census of Pakistan. PBS is now able to digitize the entire country with the help of ArcGIS applications. More than 60 percent of urban areas in Pakistan have been digitized, which will support data collection and facilitate the monitoring of census activities. These digitized maps will also play a critical role in the dissemination of forthcoming census data on socioeconomic and demographic statistics to monitor progress, ensure accurate assessments and provide guidance on the formulation of national policies and physical verification through GPS. The technical capacity of Provincial Population Welfare Departments was enhanced through the training of 69 district deputy demographers in KP, Punjab and Sindh. Training covered collecting, compiling, analysing and reporting on population data. The aim is to enable demographers to prepare and upgrade district level socio-economic and demographic data. Population policy The UN supported the drafting of the Sindh, Punjab and KP provincial population policies by providing technical assistance to address the current challenges that departments are facing. Detailed technical meetings and discussions were conducted in the provinces to finalize policies. The Punjab population policy has been finalised and submitted to the Cabinet for approval and implementation and the Sindh and KP draft population policies have been submitted to their respective provinces for final technical review and inputs. ONE UN REPORT

48 Strategic Priority Area 3 Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks National, provincial and district capacities to prevent, assess, reduce and manage risks are developed Vulnerable populations benefit from improved sustainable environmental management practices, including climate change mitigation and adaptation Vulnerable populations benefit from improved prevention, risk reduction and response (mitigation) and are assisted to reach development goals including MDG targets 4 Country policies, plans and institutions are enabled to prevent and manage narcotics trafficking-related challenges Introduction The last several years have shown the extent to which the population of Pakistan remains vulnerable to natural disasters and other crises. The damage to life, livelihoods and property resulting from crises has also exacerbated poverty and social inclusion in Pakistan. The UN therefore works to strengthen national disaster preparedness in Pakistan and increase capacities to rebound from disasters and internal shocks. Key Results 16,000 vulnerable households supported to rebuild shelters in flood-affected union councils in Sindh 6,000 technical trainings on safer shelter construction using DRR techniques organized, reaching 125,000 beneficiaries 44

49 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Building back safer and rehabilitating community infrastructure Public buildings such as schools and hospitals have been destroyed in past disasters, hampering the provision of essential services. UN assistance has played a critical role in the safe rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and assets through a number of projects. As part of efforts to build back better following annual flooding, the UN supported more than 16,000 vulnerable households (approximately 100,000 individuals) to rebuild shelters in 31 flood-affected Union Councils in five districts of Sindh, and organized 6,000 technical trainings on safer shelter construction using vernacular building methodologies adapted with DRR techniques. Approximately 125,000 shelter programme beneficiaries and community members from target districts participated, including nearly 34,000 women. Highlighting gender With technical assistance from the UN, the Balochistan Gender and Child Cell integrated gender components into their strategic plan. The aim is to highlight the role of women and girls as agents of change in the promotion of gender equality commitments in disasters and complex emergencies. In Balochistan s 2014 Monsoon Contingency Plan and Disaster Risk Reduction Plan, gender is mainstreamed into the planning and response phases. Moreover, the NDMA has approached the UN for additional assistance in implementing the National Strategic Gender and Child Cell Framework and Work Plan ( ). The UN has provided technical expertise to develop the framework with a focus on gender in responses to natural and man-made disasters in Pakistan. Minimizing multi-hazards, particularly flood impacts With the establishment of the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation and Indus Integrated Flood Analysis System, flood early warning lead time has increased by one day. More than 40 districts have improved forecasting and warning capabilities in the upper Indus catchments. This has strengthened flood management across the country by allowing government authorities and community members to make decisions, prepare for and evacuate prior to floods. To support better preparedness and mitigation strategies, flood hazard maps have been developed using the Indus Integrated Flood Analysis System/ River Runoff Inundation Model for 32 districts, comprising approximately 53 million households. These maps improved coordination among agencies responding to the 2014 floods, resulting in lower human casualties and fewer flood-related risks. The UN also provided technical advice to the health sector to develop provincial monsoon contingency plans. 53m households were included in flood hazard maps ONE UN REPORT

50 SPA 3 Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks Developing early warning systems The UN collaborated with the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) and provincial and district disaster management authorities to develop flood management plans and early warning systems. New systems were piloted to test the effectiveness and timeliness of early warnings for community-level hazards. Pilot exercises also included procedures for improved dissemination of life-saving, critical information through local FM radio stations and short message service (SMS). PMD and local authorities took the lead in coordinating early warning systems and ensuring messages were quickly received and understood by at-risk communities. BUILDIng a network of disaster MAnAGement practitioners The UN provided technical assistance to the NDMA by establishing the Network of Disaster Management Practitioners Implementation Unit (NIU) to foster coordination mechanisms with provincial and district disaster management institutions. In close collaboration with NIU, the UN also appointed a GIS and Information Management expert to set up a centralized management and geographical information system. Child-centred disaster risk reduction In 2014, 845 government officials from Punjab, Balochistan and KP were trained in the School Safety Plan of Action with a focus on DRR practices. Basic elements under DRR were child-centred DRR, hazard, vulnerability, capacity assessment and first aid. In addition, the Government literacy department was supported to include a teacher training module on DRR for non-formal basic education centres in Punjab. DRR was also integrated into the Basic Foundation Module for teachers training in government schools. Building capacity for disaster risk reduction With UN support, the Department of Health Services provided assistance and contingency supplies to communities affected by emergencies in 2014, including temporarily displaced persons (TDPs) in FATA. Support for TDPs in protracted situations in KP also continued throughout The UN continued to advocate with departments of health in 2014 to include DRR in health sector plans, develop disaster risk frameworks for health and integrate disaster response information management systems and district health information systems. 845 government officials from Punjab, Balochistan and KP were trained in the School Safety Plan of Action with a focus on DRR practices 46

51 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results 220 participants in 10 camp coordination and camp management trainings were organized in Sindh, KP and Islamabad Camp coordination and camp management In 2014, 10 camp coordination and camp management (CCCM) trainings were organized in Sindh, KP and Islamabad, engaging a total of 220 participants, including district Government staff and humanitarian counterparts. Participants were registered in a CCCM roster to facilitate the deployment of trained individuals to support coordination and management of temporary settlements in the event of an emergency. The UN strengthened its partnership with the National Institute for Disaster Management to identify opportunities for effective, sustainable capacity building of government staff on displacement management and coordination. Additionally, to support government planning for the 2014 monsoon season, national and multi-hazard preparedness and readiness plans were developed for the CCCM sector. Addressing displacement in North Waziristan Agency During 2014, successive security operations in NWA and KA resulted in multiple waves of displacement, with more than 240,000 displaced families (some 1.4 million TDPs) in need of assistance by the end of the year. In most cases, the displaced left their homes with few belongings. In addition to camps, they sheltered with relatives, in rented houses or government buildings, including schools. Many families crammed into small spaces with limited facilities and during the summer months endured harsh temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. Throughout the year, and despite funding constraints, the UN provided a multi-sector response to displacement. To ensure the inclusion of vulnerable displaced populations in government registration processes, the UN provided grievance desks and conducted assessments of the most vulnerable families. As part of coordinating assistance to camps, authorities were supported to provide alternative accommodation for those displaced persons residing in schools. Emergency family kits containing relief assistance such as blankets, sleeping mats and kitchen sets were distributed in shelters. Targeting disadvantaged women and children displaced from NWA, the UN provided humanitarian assistance spanning health, nutrition, water and sanitation, education and child protection interventions. ONE UN REPORT

52 SPA 3 Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks As part of these efforts, the UN undertook a vulnerability assessment survey of TDPs from NWA. The survey indicated that of some 7,000 vulnerable families, approximately 70 percent were headed by women who did not possess computerized national identity cards (CNICs). As a prerequisite for accessing government services, these identity cards are a life-saving tool that has the potential to alter the quality of life for vulnerable women and their families through guaranteed entitlements. The UN therefore initiated a pilot project to facilitate CNICs for 400 women in Bannu. The possession of an identity card proves these women s existence and worth and provides them with a basic measure of dignity. Strengthening resilience through education The UN continued to promote child-friendly education to strengthen resilience in In partnership with the Education Department, various assessments were conducted to identify the educational needs of temporarily displaced children in order to develop a strategic response plan for education. In KP and FATA, more than 42,000 children, out of the targeted 68,609 children, have benefited. In NWA, 53,000 children, of the 121,609 targeted, have been reached. Supporting livestock management The UN promoted sustainable returns from KP and FATA through the restoration of agriculture-based livelihoods and the protection of livestock. Families received food items such as wheat, vegetables, milk and yogurt from the market, thereby reducing their vulnerability to price shocks. Key Results 32,600 households in Khyber and Kurram Agencies received winter and monsoon crop production inputs, livestock and poultry packages 5,620 resource-poor farming households in Lower and Central Kurram Agency received winter and monsoon crop production inputs 90% of the beneficiaries used the inputs received and were able to obtain approximately percent higher yields 49,156 households in Bannu, Karak and Lakki Marwat were provided with livestock care support, including vaccination against foot and mouth disease for 144,000 large animals and peste des petits (also known as goat plague) vaccine for 144,000 small animals 10,000 temporarily displaced pastoralist families from NWA were supported with livestock inputs, including animal feed, vaccines and dewormers, feeding and milking kits, and basic shelter for approximately 60,000 large and small ruminants 48

53 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Mitigating climate change The TeMPORARILY DISPLACed PeRSOns LIVeSTOCK SUPPORT ProjeCT Before the 2014 military operation, 56-year-old Zoorowar Khan, his wife and four school-aged children lived a comfortable life in Saroobi Village, not far from Miran Shah, the capital of NWA. Zoorowar earned his living by driving a truck and farming. His 58 head of livestock provided plenty of milk and meat. The children went to school and Zoorowar hoped that one day they would go on to college. Their lives were drastically disrupted in May 2014 when the Government informed NWA communities about the military operation to be launched against terrorists. Zoorowar and his wife packed their children, their most important possessions and as much livestock as they could, and fled their home, leaving the recently harvested winter crops and all of their property behind. Like Zoorowar, many of the more than 100,000 families displaced by military operations in NWA moved to Bannu District in KP and brought along more than 350,000 head of livestock as a source of food and income. Many more animals were left behind or perished during the exile due to exertion and blistering summer heat. Zoorowar lost 25 animals in the move and struggled to keep those remaining from starvation. Zoorowar found himself unable to provide for his family. The UN continues to support environmental sustainability in Pakistan, with a particular focus on furthering climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies to build more resilient communities. In collaboration with the Pakistan Science Foundation, the UN organized the sixth meeting of the South and Central Asia Man and Biosphere Network, focusing on the Impact of Climate Change on Natural Ecosystems, and including participants from the Government, the UN and the scientific and environmental communities. The meeting facilitated the sharing of knowledge and best practices to address issues related to the impact of climate change on weather, economies, agriculture, wetlands, biodiversity, natural resources and ecosystems. In late autumn, a visiting livestock department worker told Zoorowar that the UN was offering livestock assistance to farmers like him. Zoorowar immediately applied for assistance and upon verification of his situation, received a package of animal feed and implements for feeding and milking. His animals received vaccination and deworming medicine. Thanks to this support, I will be able to take better care of my animals so they produce more milk for our family, Zoorowar said. He is one of 10,000 temporarily displaced persons from NWA who have received livestock assistance from the Temporarily Displaced Persons Livestock Support Project. ONE UN REPORT

54 SPA 3 Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks Fostering resilient health services With technical assistance from the UN, several emergency response and early recovery projects have integrated strategies to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV and AIDS. In coordination with HIV and AIDS prevention service centres, health care providers and humanitarian partners raised awareness and improved access to information on HIV and AIDS, particularly for vulnerable or marginalized groups such as TDPs, transgender individuals and sex workers. Focus on training and integration of disaster risk reduction The UN spearheaded training platforms and developed a bilingual manual on DRR to strengthen the institutional capacities of federal, provincial, district and local disaster risk management committees for policymaking, planning and development. Ongoing UN programmes in Sindh and Punjab, in particular community-based disaster risk management interventions, have contributed to enhanced resilience against future shocks. Supporting food security and livelihoods The UN and the Government jointly assessed and analysed food security and livelihood needs through various interventions, including related to livelihood recovery, disaster risk mitigation, improved community infrastructure, agricultural production, livestock management and food security. In 2014, 27,729 households were assisted through DRR-based livelihood interventions in Sindh and KP. In addition, support was provided to extremely vulnerable beneficiaries (disabled or paralyzed), of whom 180 were men and 249 were women. 27,729 households were assisted through DRR-based livelihood interventions in Sindh and KP Promoting improved water, SAnITATIOn and hygiene practices In order to promote healthy water, sanitation and hygiene practices in KP and FATA, the UN and members of the WASH committee conducted awareness raising sessions encouraging communities to maintain cleanliness, drink water from UNinstalled hand pumps, defecate only in latrines and wash hands with soap after defecation and before meals. 50

55 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Reducing narcotics trafficking Pakistan is a transit destination and, to a significantly lesser extent, a producing country for several types of drugs and internationally restricted precursor chemicals. This illicit traffic poses significant challenges to border management a crucial issue for economic development and security. In 2014, the UN continued to strengthen and build partnerships between Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan in counternarcotics enforcement through the Triangular Initiative. Technical support to counter-narcotics was provided to delegates from Pakistan attending the Triangular Initiative Ministerial and Senior Official Meeting and Joint Planning Cell and Border Liaison Offices. These meetings enhanced collaboration among countries and institutionalized regular cross-border and interagency cooperation. In addition, the UN facilitated simultaneous patrolling operations between Iranian and Pakistani counter narcotics forces and piloted joint operation exercises between Afghan and Pakistani border control officials. At the domestic level, the capacities of KP police officers were strengthened and upon completion of trainings, officers were provided with chemical testing equipment, rugged terrain vehicles and safety equipment. Training sessions were also conducted on drugs, precursor identification and criminal investigations. 6.7m of people in Pakistan, aged 15-64, had used drugs in the previous 12 months The state of drug use in Pakistan In 2014, the UN, in collaboration with the Ministry of Interior and Narcotics Control, released crucial data on the state of drug use in Pakistan. According to the survey, 6.7 million people, or 6 percent of the population aged 15-64, had used drugs in the previous 12 months. Among these, approximately 4.25 million people are considered to be dependent on drugs. The most common drug used is cannabis, with a prevalence of 3.6 percent, equivalent to 4 million people having used it in the past year. An estimated 860,000 people, 0.8 percent of the population, are regular heroin users and 320,000, 0.3 percent of the population, use opium. Poly drug use was also common, with one in five reporting combining drugs. The majority of people who reported drug use in the study were aged between 25 and 39 years. Of all people who reported drug use, 78 percent were men and 22 percent were women. Women predominantly use tranquilizers, sedatives and amphetamines. The report will form the baseline for future planning and design of drug prevention and treatment programmes in Pakistan. Reducing human trafficking Two reports, Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling to and from Pakistan and Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in Pakistan: A Socio Economic Trend and Impact Analysis were published by the Research and Analysis Centre of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) Islamabad to strengthen human trafficking research practices and educate members of law enforcement agencies about migrant smuggling. The documentary Ways and Means was also screened. The UN organized the first roundtable meeting for the Foreign Law Enforcement Community public awareness campaign against human trafficking and migrant smuggling to increase knowledge of trafficking and points of origin and exit. The UN also held regional meetings on human trafficking and migrant smuggling to discuss key challenges. ONE UN REPORT

56 SPA 3 Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks The event resulted in information sharing between senior delegates from Bahrain, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and Pakistan that highlighted emerging routes and trends. The FIA and the UN-organized community forums to raise awareness of the dangers associated with irregular migration, as well as high level meetings with parliamentarians and government officials to highlight issues related to migrant smuggling. The UN continued efforts to enhance policy and operational level cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Four integrated border management workshops were facilitated for policy-level and operational-level officials from both the countries in preparation for the post-withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force from Afghanistan. The UN also facilitated the National Commission on the Status of Women to review existing laws related to human trafficking from a gender perspective. The recommendations have been submitted to the Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights for their review and further action. The Triangular Initiative The UN has continued to promote regional cooperation between Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan under the Triangular Initiative. The technical support provided to the Pakistani delegation attending the Triangular Initiative Ministerial and Senior Official meeting and Joint Planning Cell and Border Liaison Offices resulted in enhanced coordination and cooperation among countries. Regular meetings and joint training courses further enhanced cross-border and inter-agency cooperation. Building capacity through e-learning In addition to regular training workshops, an e-learning platform has been utilized to build the capacity of relevant law enforcement agencies in key areas. In 2014, a DVD on using drugs and precursor testing kits in the field was developed and a training course on antihuman trafficking was conducted at the FIA e-learning centre to increase the knowledge and skills of newly recruited personnel. An analysis of the pre- and posttest results of more than 450 trainees who completed almost 400 accumulated e-learning modules showed a significant increase of knowledge, by 215 percent. The adaptation and localisation of new e-learning modules on smuggling of migrants has also commenced. To increase the scope of e-learning programmes, three new e-learning centres for border agencies and four e-learning training centres at four international airports in Pakistan have been completed in collaboration with the FIA. SUPPORTIng legal frameworks AGAInST human trafficking The close coordination between the UN and the Pakistan Ministry of Interior and Narcotics Control led to the submission of draft laws on human trafficking and smuggling of migrants to the Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights for vetting. The UN also worked with international experts to draft a National Action Plan for the Government of Pakistan, which would serve as a strategic roadmap for future technical assistance and highlight the steps that the Government of Pakistan should take, moving forward. 52

57 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results ONE UN REPORT

58 Strategic Priority Area 4 Strengthened governance and social cohesion The capacity of institutions to be more democratic and accountable is strengthened, including, inter alia, the engagement of civil society organizations, media and academia Rule of law and public security institutions strengthened to enhance public trust and social stability, and to provide improved safety and security, including measures to address transnational crime and trafficking Improve accountability and access to quality social protection and other services for excluded and vulnerable people 4 Strengthened decentralised governance Introduction Like many other countries in the region, Pakistan suffers from a governance deficit. However, with the return to civilian rule and the decision to devolve major powers to the provinces, there is a unique opportunity to build and strengthen institutions to enhance human security and protect the rights of all groups in society. The UN works to strengthen governance and social cohesion in Pakistan by building the capacity of key institutions, strengthening the rule of law, improving access to quality social services and supporting decentralized government. Mainstreaming gender into electoral administration As the main body governing elections in Pakistan, the Electoral Commission is essential to increasing women s participation in politics. In 2014, UN advocacy led to the inclusion of a strategic goal on gender mainstreaming in the Electoral Commission of Pakistan s Five-year Strategic Plan The goal commits to a wide range of gender mainstreaming activities over the next five years. UN efforts also brought together the Electoral Commission of Pakistan, national and provincial women s mechanisms, male and female parliamentarians and other key stakeholders to enhance women candidates effective participation in political and electoral processes. A series of seminars on women s participation was launched in partnership with the Women s Parliamentary Caucus. 54

59 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results UN Joint Proposal for Community Resilience and Recovery of FATA s Returning Temporarily Displaced Persons In response to large-scale displacements in FATA and to complement government recovery efforts, the UN in 2014 developed an integrated two-year programme to build the resilience of returning temporarily displaced persons. Under this programme, 200,000 families will receive targeted support under three major components: 1. Improved food security, livelihoods and local economies; 2. Restoration of basic services and infrastructure; and 3. Governance and social cohesion. The programme will also enable the FATA Secretariat to strengthen its own governance, law and order, service delivery and citizen engagement, with a focus on the human recovery needs of returning temporarily displaced persons. Improving labour laws After devolution from the federal level, all labour laws had to be promulgated in the new provincial governments afresh. In 2014, the UN supported the national Government and four provincial governments to establish labour legislation at the provincial levels. A formal tripartite oversight system was established to ensure that the new labour laws are aligned with international standards, as well as the interests of the Government, workers and employees. By the end of 2014, the Governments of Punjab, KP, Sindh and Balochistan had enacted more than 25 new labour laws. Strengthening labour administration The UN also supported the Federal Government and the four provincial governments to strengthen labour administration, including labour inspection, occupational safety and health and social dialogue. As a result, the Government of Sindh implemented the Joint Action Plan on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Sindh. The OSH steering committee has already held three meetings; an OSH policy has been developed; a draft OSH law prepared; and 120 labour inspectors of Sindh and social partners have been trained in labour inspection and OSH. BUILDIng the capacity of HUMAnITARIAn aid workers The UN conducted training for 80 humanitarian aid workers based in Pakistan to facilitate safer and more effective delivery of aid in high-risk environments. Forty specialized courses were conducted on topics including first aid, surveillance and detection, hostage management, automated external defibrillator, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and fire safety. In addition, an e-learning course, Staying Safe in Pakistan, was launched to extend the reach of security awareness trainings. These trainings and courses have strengthened partnerships and collaboration between UN agencies and non-governmental organizations working together to deliver humanitarian assistance responsibly and safely. ONE UN REPORT

60 SPA 4 Strengthened governance and social cohesion 31,000 individuals benefitted from legal awareness interventions in 2014 Raising legal awareness The UN is working to improve the rule of law in Malakand and increase access to justice by encouraging the use of alternate dispute resolution mechanisms throughout the region. In 2014, more than 31,000 individuals benefitted from legal awareness interventions; nearly 3,000 poor litigants received free legal consultation; and 555 poor litigants 43 percent of them women received free legal aid. Improving police investigation in Swat The UN facilitated the establishment of a Forensic Science Laboratory in Swat, which will support police and prosecutors to conduct scientifically-based investigations, and a Regional Training Centre for Police in Swat, which has state-of the-art facilities, training labs and a crime scene centre. In 2014, the Centre successfully conducted four training events for police officials in Malakand Division. Improving prison management Pakistani prisons are vastly overcrowded, leading to tremendous challenges in prison management. In 2014, the UN drafted prison management rules in Pakistan and submitted the revised version to all four provincial home departments. The KP Home and Prison Department has approved the rules, and approval is pending in all other provinces. The UN also provided the Inspectors General of prisons across the country with a common platform to discuss issues, challenges and possible solutions. The first quarterly Inspectors General Meeting was held in Karachi in March Strengthening law and order Pakistan s geographical location poses specific challenges in terms of border management and maintaining stability and security. UN interventions involve working with civilian law enforcement and criminal justice institutions to establish an environment that guarantees justice and stability. Across all provinces, more than 1,200 law enforcement officials were trained in 2014 according to international best standards. The Draft Service Rules for the Punjab Prosecution Department were also developed and shared. 56

61 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Legal assistance for refugees and the displaced With a protracted refugee crisis in Pakistan, significant steps were taken in 2014 to reflect a commitment to refugee rights. This included providing legal assistance to 97 percent of persons of concern in refugee hosting areas (exceeding the target of 90 percent) through 10 Advice and Legal Aid Centres (ALACs) in all four provinces. The ALACs provide legal assistance in cases of arrest, detention, civil/family matters and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) incidents; coordinate with law enforcement authorities; and provide legal advice to beneficiaries. Although the Government of Pakistan adopted a National Policy on the Management and Repatriation of Afghan Refugees and extended the legal stay of Proof of Registration (PoR) cardholders until December 2015, police arrests and harassment of PoR cardholders continued. The UN assisted 2,163 PoR cardholders who were arrested or detained with court interventions and legal assistance (exceeding the target of 1,000). Of these, 1,199 were released at police stations prior to being charged due to the active involvement of the ALAC partner in each respective region. The displaced population of NWA was provided every possible protection, including full coverage of legal assistance. In 2014, 49,502 grievances were recorded and legal assistance was provided to 24,588 TRPs. Following a vulnerability assessment, 6,264 vulnerable families were identified as eligible for assistance. Of these, 2,450 families were issued vulnerability-based registration forms and received UN assistance. 2,163 Proof of Registration cardholders who were arrested or detained were assisted by the UN with court interventions and legal assistance Establishing social protection policies The poor and disadvantaged are the most vulnerable to and affected by economic crises and natural disasters. It is crucial that the Government provide for and protect these groups through social safety nets or social protection schemes. In 2014, the UN developed a Social Protection Policy for KP in consultation with all stakeholders and piloted the policy in two districts. District social protection committees have been established and trained and the Government of KP Social Protection Reform Unit is fully operational. Social protection for refugees The UN continued to work with the Government in 2014 to ensure the achievement of international protection standards for refugees, including access to basic social and economic rights. As a result, the Government has adopted national legislation that is 80 percent consistent with international standards relating to refugees. 6,264 vulnerable families were identified as eligible for assistance ONE UN REPORT

62 SPA 4 Strengthened governance and social cohesion Refugee resettlement The UN, in coordination with the Resettlement Support Centre in Nepal, arranged four visits from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service to facilitate 418 interviews for the United States Refugee Admission Program. With UN support, 2,113 resettlement cases were processed, facilitating refugee movements from Pakistan to 12 receiving countries around the world. In total, 468 participants took part in Cultural Orientation Abroad sessions prior to departure for Canada, and 344 participants were engaged in Australian Cultural Orientation Sessions. Nearly 3,500 cases were supported through Assisted Voluntary Returns projects, and 686 returnees were supported through Assisted Voluntary Returns and Reintegration projects. Every child s right With an estimated 3 million children born in Pakistan each year, the UN supported local government departments in Punjab and Sindh to implement an innovative birth registration model using mobile phone technology. The pilot is ongoing and expected to bring lessons for increasing access to registration services. The UN also supported South-South initiatives to share best practices and learn from birth registration systems in other countries. In November 2014, a high-level delegation from Pakistan, comprising representatives from the UN and the Government, attended a Ministerial Conference on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics in Asia and the Pacific. This helped bring the birth registration agenda to senior policy circles and resulted in the establishment of the National Steering Committee on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. 3m children are born in Pakistan each year. The UN supported the implemention of an innovative birth registration model using mobile phone technology. Local governance in Balochistan To assist the Government of Balochistan to consolidate the provincial budget, the UN gathered political party representatives, civil society, government officials and academics for a prebudget consultation. The consultation generated 15 recommendations, nine of which were included in the provincial budget. The UN also provided technical support to the Gilgit-Baltistan standing committee on local governance to finalize and pass the Gilgit-Baltistan Local Government Act Foot and mouth disease diagnostic labs With the devolution of authority to the provinces following the approval of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, the UN has focused on strengthening the capacity of provincial authorities to provide quality public services. In 2014, this included the development of the foot and mouth disease (FMD) Progressive Control Pathway to assist countries with endemic status to progressively reduce the load of FMD virus in the susceptible population. Using this tool, the UN worked to enhance the capacity of diagnostic laboratories and laboratory staff to diagnose FMD, and the capacity of livestock farmers and field staff to monitor and respond to FMD outbreaks. UN interventions have resulted in eight fully functional FMD diagnostic labs operating with trained staff in different provinces/regions of the country and led to responses to more than 2,600 FMD outbreaks. 58

63 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results ONE UN REPORT

64 Strategic Priority Area 5 Gender equality and social justice Government and civil society are active and accountable in eliminating discrimination against women and girls Political, economic, social and legal rights of all, and especially excluded groups, are respected, protected and fulfilled, including through institutional strengthening and capacity development of duty bearers Human rights institutions strategically positioned, and advocating for integrating human rights on all levels Introduction Although Pakistan has signed a number of international commitments on gender equality, women and girls continue to face tremendous hurdles in exercising their basic human rights. This situation is compounded by prevalent socio-cultural norms that deny women access to facilities and opportunities. In response, the UN supported the Government and civil society to take active and accountable steps to eliminate discrimination against women and girls. Legislation for women s rights As a signatory to several rights-based international covenants, the Government of Pakistan continues to demonstrate its commitment to promoting women s empowerment and gender equality throughout the country. This is evidenced by its progressive internal formulation of national laws, policies and initiatives that aim to reduce gender inequality and promote the advancement of women and girls. In 2014, this included the Domestic Violence Bill passed by the Provincial Government of Balochistan with UN technical support to prevent violence against women and girls. The Bill was developed in line with the legislative guidelines of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). UN support also contributed to the approval of the Domestic Violence Bill for PAK, which is expected to be adopted in early

65 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Domestic Violence Bill passed by the provincial Government of Balochistan with UN technical support to prevent violence against women and girls Frameworks on women s empowerment UN advocacy in 2014 led to a consensus on finalizing a National Framework on Women s Empowerment that would incorporate recommendations of the Beijing +20 review and the Global Commission on the Status of Women. A Standing Committee on Women s Empowerment was established within the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan to monitor the implementation of women s development-related priorities in the province. Efforts to strengthen each of the provincial Women s Parliamentary Caucuses, which aim to promote and increase the participation of women in political processes, legislation and decision-making, led to the drafting of strategic plans in four provinces. With UN support, the South Asia Regional Forum - comprising women parliamentarians, women s commissions, women s development ministries and election commissions - was set up. In its first meeting held in Kathmandu, Nepal, the Forum adopted a Joint Resolution of the South Asia Regional Exchange Meeting to Increase Women s Empowerment in the region. Gender-based violence sub-cluster The UN s emergency response and preparedness to respond to gender-based violence (GBV) needs in the Bannu District of KP resulted in a functional GBV subcluster under the umbrella of the protection cluster in KP. Six meetings were held in 2014, for which the UN provided coordination, technical inputs, management support and training. The UN supported three women-friendly health spaces in Bannu that will provide health services, psychological support and vocational training to displaced women from NWA who have been victims of GBV. In 2014, the UN played a crucial role in advocating for GBV-related issues in the displaced communities and improving the understanding and incident reporting/referral for GBV cases. Integrating health and gender The health care system in Pakistan is well placed to detect, refer and care for women and girls living with violence, and performs a critical function in preventing and managing GBV. The UN supported the review and update of the National Protocol on Treatment and Health Sector Response to Gender-based Violence, in line with new policy and legal developments in Pakistan. Provincial action plans on the integration and implementation of national GBV and health treatment protocols were developed in Balochistan, KP, Punjab and Sindh. The protocols are evidence-based and draw on the experience of some 200 health professionals, policy officials, care providers and representatives of health partner organizations. Capacity building sessions on the health sector response to GBV were conducted with 160 provincial health departments, health partners and civil society to ensure the implementation of GBV and health treatment protocols in Balochistan, KP, Sindh and Punjab. ONE UN REPORT

66 SPA 5 Gender equality and social justice Harmonizing HIV policy With the goal of reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality through institutional strengthening, the UN provided technical assistance to support the establishment of a civil society fund to align the civil society response to HIV to the national response and ensure coordinated funding from development partners. Also in 2014, the UN reviewed Laws and Policies Affecting Human Rights, Discrimination and Access to HIV and Health Services by Key Populations in Pakistan to identify the current status of legislation, policies, and institutional frameworks that safeguard the human rights of key affected populations with regard to HIV prevention, care and treatment. The scan established a baseline for the current law, policies and institutions and provided recommendations to support evidence-based legislation and reviews. Integrated Project on Child and Bonded Labour was supported by the UN to combat child labour Eliminating and preventing child labour Child labour prevails in Pakistan. The UN in 2014 supported the Punjab Government to launch the Integrated Project on Child and Bonded Labour in line with two fundamental international standards: the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (C-105) and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (C-182). Over a seven-year period, the project will combat child labour by targeting rehabilitated freed bonded labourers and providing affected families with other work opportunities. In Balochistan, the Government allocated PKR 40 million (US$392,635) to address bonded and child labour. Focus on youth In 2014, the Departments of Youth and Sports in Balochistan, KP, PAK and Gilgit-Baltistan adopted youth policies with UN technical assistance. The UN also supported the Punjab Government to establish a Punjab Youth Parliamentary Caucus comprising 84 young parliamentarians. The Caucus mandate is to bring necessary policy reforms to improve the lives of adolescent girls and youth in the province. Gender-responsive labour inspection toolkit The UN considers gender equality in the world of work as a key element in its vision of bringing about social and institutional change. Women in Pakistan continue to face constraints due to the prevalent socio-cultural norms that deny them equal access to facilities, restrict their rights, limit their abilities and mute their voices in decision-making. In 2014, the UN was instrumental in assisting the Governments of Balochistan, Punjab and Sindh to endorse and implement the Gender Responsive Labour Inspection (GRLI) toolkit to collect labour inspection data. Aligned with the Labour Inspection Convention (No. 81), the GRLI is a systematic approach to conducting labour inspections that enable equal gender outcomes for women and men in the workplace. Equal gender outcomes for women and men in the workplace with the implementation of the Gender Responsive Labour Inspection (GRLI) toolkit 62

67 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Recognizing home-based workers The first trade union for agriculture and fisheries workers Drawing on gender-sensitive reviews of labour legislation, Sindh formally recognized agriculture and fisheries sector workers as falling under the purview of the labour law. The first trade union of agriculture and fisheries workers was registered in Karachi in December The union has more than 400 members, more than half of whom are women. The establishment of this trade union is in line with the amendment to the Industrial Relations Act of 2013, which makes it mandatory for women to be represented in trade union decision-making bodies at least in the same proportion as they are employed in the field. In 2014, the Sindh Cabinet approved the Sindh Industrial Relations Act 2013, under which new clauses have been introduced. 70% of home-based workers in Pakistan are women More than 70 percent of HBWs in Pakistan are women. Largely invisible in the legal sphere, these women face a lack of social and legal protection, among other challenges. However, following the 2013 approval of the Home-based Worker Policy by the Punjab Provincial Work Council, the Sindh and Punjab Provincial Assemblies unanimously passed Home-based Workers Resolutions in 2014 to adopt a Home-based Worker Policy and Law. In addition, the Punjab and PAK Governments allocated PKR 78.2 million (US$773,630) to enhance skills development and provide income generation opportunities for local female HBWs, demonstrating government commitment to improving the situation of HBWs. The UN strengthened the capacity of the Sindh and Punjab Labour and Human Resource Departments to register HBWs and link them to social security frameworks. With UN technical assistance, work commenced to collect data and register approximately 20,000 informal women HBWs. So far, the data for 10,000 women HBWs has been collected in Hyderabad, Sindh. When data collection is complete, these women will be registered with government departments to receive access to social security benefits. Mainstreaming the economic empowerment of women The Social Welfare and Women Empowerment Department in KP included the UN project on strengthening the capacity of parliamentarians to mainstream the economic empowerment of women in its annual development plan. As part of their Gender Reforms Action Plan, the Government is investing PKR 42 million (US$415,500) to enable parliamentarians to advance economic empowerment initiatives and ensure local women benefit from development. ONE UN REPORT

68 SPA 5 Gender equality and social justice Strengthening national human rights stakeholders In 2014, the UN supported key national and provincial human rights stakeholders to strengthen their capacities to report and monitor in line with international norms and standards. As a result, the Inter-Provincial Ministerial Group on Women s Development adopted a set of key indicators on CEDAW reporting in their 10th session. The UN also supported the National Commission on the Status of Women to prepare a National Review Report of the Beijing Platform of Action (Beijing+20), which has been formally submitted to the Government for onward submission. Monitoring and reporting on sexual and gender-based violence In 2014, the UN reached out to victims and survivors of SGBV in the refugee community. Some 173 SGBV cases were referred to specialized services and six families received safe accommodation in KP. In Punjab, teachers from nine schools were trained on the identification of SGBV and the referral of child survivors to existing support structures. In Balochistan, two training sessions were organized for 58 teachers on SGBV issues in schools. In KP, 321 sensitization sessions were held to address the basic needs of refugee communities (education, livelihoods and health, including SGBV prevention and response). Sessions were attended by 265 Afghans and 56 persons from the Government, police and partners from the local community. Where community-based structures, such as Jirgas, Councils of Elders and Refugee Village Welfare Committees already address some forms of SGBV, the UN focused on raising awareness of these structures, particularly among men and boys, to facilitate survivor-centred community participation in prevention and response. 173 sexual and gender-based violence cases were referred to specialized services and 6 families received safe accommodation 64

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70 Strategic Priority Area 6 Food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable groups 1 Household food security increased 2 Nutrition security increased, especially for vulnerable and excluded groups Introduction Pakistan produces sufficient food to feed its entire population. Household food security and undernutrition are largely problems of economic access among the poorest and most vulnerable to an adequate and diverse diet. The cost of a food basket in Pakistan rose 80 percent between 2007 and 2011 and Pakistanis now spend nearly half of their income on food. The poorest have been severely and disproportionately affected by the rise in food prices. The UN has a long record of working on food and nutrition security in Pakistan. Drawing on this capacity and experience, the UN will continue efforts to increase household food and nutrition security, especially for vulnerable groups. School feeding in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas UN school feeding programmes reached 235,000 students at nearly 1,200 schools with on-site rations of fortified High Energy Biscuits, reducing both short-term hunger and longer-term micronutrient deficiencies. The assisted students also received a take-home ration of fortified vegetable oil every other month, which resulted in a 12 percent increase in enrolment, 86 percent attendance and 95 percent retention rate. Increasing household food security in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas The UN helped increase household food security in FATA through early recovery of livelihoods and by providing lifesaving monthly food assistance to families affected by law enforcement operations. Some 68,000 households in six FATA agencies were supported with nearly 10,000 metric tons of food assistance in return for their participation in 19 income generation work schemes. Seventy percent of assisted households maintained acceptable food consumption during the assistance period. Lifesaving monthly food assistance (totalling 214,565 metric tons of food) was also provided to 265,384 families affected by security operations in FATA. More than 86 percent of assisted households maintained acceptable food consumption during the year. 66

71 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results Improving rural livelihoods in Balochistan In Balochistan, rural livelihoods are largely dependent on agriculture and livestock. Crop and livestock productivity is low, markets are highly undeveloped, household food insecurity is common and household livelihoods are vulnerable and fragile. There is considerable scope to increase household incomes by improving crop and livestock productivity and strengthening market access and linkages to enable small farmers to enjoy increased returns from crop and livestock production. UN-supported interventions increase the incomes of poor rural households and improve food and nutrition security. Support includes training and advice on managing crops, orchards, rangeland, livestock and water resources; providing quality seeds and stock; introducing new approaches to the marketing and sales of agricultural goods; and developing value added products. To increase revenue for sheep farmers, the UN designed and produced seven mobile shearing sheds equipped with grinder units. The UN also supported nearly 4,000 farmers with animal feed, which is expected to raise their incomes by nearly US$30,000. Some 50,000 sheep and goats owned by nearly 500 farmers were vaccinated, which is expected to yield a more than US$350,000 benefit. Agriculture Sector Policy and Strategy in Balochistan The UN supported the Government of Balochistan to develop the provincial Agriculture Sector Policy and Strategy. The document reviews agriculture policies and related legal and regulatory frameworks; proposes actions to restructure and strengthen key agriculturerelated organizations to meet their new responsibilities; and provides tentative cost estimates of the investments needed to accelerate agriculture sector growth and enhance food security in the province. 4,000 farmers supported by the UN with animal feed that is expected to raise their incomes by nearly US$30,000 First 1,000 golden days By reducing stunting, focusing on a child s first 1,000 golden days is critical to saving and improving lives. The UN contributes to improving nutritional practices in Pakistan by promoting an essential set of behaviours during this period to prevent malnutrition in children. In 2014, this included supporting Global Breastfeeding Week across the country and supporting the passage of Breastfeeding Bills in Sindh and Balochistan. In addition, more than 4,000 lady health workers, women who serve as community health providers in rural areas across the country, were trained in Balochistan, 1,549 were trained in Sindh, 2,000 were trained in KP and 8,472 were trained in Punjab. ONE UN REPORT

72 SPA 6 Food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable groups Preventing and treating acute malnutrition Pakistan has a global acute malnutrition rate of more than 15 percent. To stabilize acute malnutrition among the target population, the UN and partners support community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM). In 2014, the CMAM programme reached more than 328,000 moderately acute malnourished children aged 6-59 months with treatment, utilizing 2,363 metric tons of ready-to-use supplementary food, and resulting in a 93 percent cure rate and less than 5 percent default rate. More than 210,000 acutely malnourished pregnant and lactating women were treated with 2,870 metric tons of wheat soya blend and 536 metric tons of vegetable oil, resulting in a 92 percent cure rate and 3 percent default rate. In addition, nearly 327,000 children and more than 224,000 pregnant and lactating women received micronutrient supplementation. Over the period , 83 nutrition stabilization centres had a more than 90 percent cure rate on average. Key Results 328,000 children aged 6-59 months with moderate acute malnutrition reached with treatment, resulting in a 93 percent cure rate and less than 5 percent default rate 210,000 acutely malnourished pregnant and lactating women reached with treatment, resulting in a 92 percent cure rate and 3 percent default rate 327,000 children and more than 224,000 pregnant and lactating women received micronutrient supplementation Nutrition relief in Tharparkar, Sindh Poverty is endemic in the sparsely populated district of Tharparkar. Acute malnutrition rates are as high as 20 per cent among children, well above the emergency threshold of 15 per cent. In 2014, below normal rains in Tharparkar and other semi-arid areas in Pakistan further decreased the purchasing power of people dependent on monsoon rains for agricultural fodder for their livestock. Since the beginning of 2014, more than 100 children have died due to a combination of chronic malnutrition, lack of access to effective health facilities and general poverty. Complementing government efforts to provide food assistance and livestock support for the population, the UN in 2014 established a supplementary feeding programme, a stabilization centre in the District Hospital, and nutrition programmes for malnourished children and pregnant and lactating women. Cash for work activities and CMAM are being carried out in Mirpur Khas, Tharparkar, Sanghar and Umerkot Districts. Although the ongoing relief efforts will alleviate some immediate suffering, sustainable solutions are needed to tackle the root causes of malnutrition in these areas. 68

73 One UN Programme II: Focus on Results COUnteRIng malnutrition in rural communities In January 2014, 9-month-old Nindoo was diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition. Frequent diarrhoea and gradual weight loss gave his mother, Chothi, sleepless nights. She didn t know what to do. On Chothi s behalf, a neighbour reached out to Koshlia, a health and nutrition educator from a nearby village, who quickly came and checked Nindoo. Koshlia explained to Chothi that her child was severely malnourished and in dire need of treatment. As part of her duties at the Centre for CMAM in Akhiji Dhani Village in Umerkat District, Koshlia visits neighbouring villages and communities to raise awareness through health and hygiene sessions and to identify women and children suffering from malnutrition. The Centre is one of 27 facilities operating in Umerkot as part of a UN-supported project. Services include sessions on health, hygiene and infant and young child feeding; screening and treatment for children and pregnant women; as well as provision of ready-to-use therapeutic food and ready to use supplementary food. Scaling Up Nutrition The UN supported the Government of Pakistan to establish a Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Secretariat at the Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms. The secretariat will coordinate public sector departments and provinces, SUN networks and the global SUN Movement Secretariat. This forum will also support the preparation of a national action plan to combat undernutrition with a specific focus on the most vulnerable. The formulation of the SUN Business Network was also supported in As part of this Network, SUN countries will bring together the public and private sectors to manage malnutrition in Pakistan. Participating businesses have already given examples of planned activities, including producing ready-to-use supplementary food in the country, continuing salt and wheat fortification efforts and leveraging innovative information technologies. Within weeks of being admitted to an outpatient therapeutic programme at the Centre, Nindoo s condition began to improve. By March 2014, his acute malnutrition level had gone from severe to moderate. Chothi still brings Nindoo to the Centre for follow-ups and to collect readyto-use supplementary food. Nindoo is now a healthier and happier child, and Chothi is certain that he will soon make a full recovery. ONE UN REPORT

74 SPA 6 Food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable groups Strengthening food fortification The National Fortification Alliance (NFA) was constituted in September 2003 by the Ministry of Health to oversee the technical and operational aspect of food fortification in Pakistan. It was through NFA support that major fortification initiatives were initiated in the country from 2004 onwards. However, over time, the NFA became dormant, particularly after the devolution of the Ministry of Health following the adoption of the 18th Amendment. The NFA was re-launched in October 2013 through the support of partners. In 2014, the UN worked to strengthen the NFA Secretariat through coordination meetings and technical assistance. Universal salt iodization There is a need in Pakistan for a safe, cost effective and sustainable strategy to ensure sufficient iodine intake by all. Under the Universal Salt Iodization Programme, the UN provided technical support to guide the development of legislation and regulations, communicated with consumer groups to create demand, conducted capacity building trainings for salt processors and health department staff, and strengthened iodine deficiency disorder cells at the provincial level. To ensure sustainability, a technical review of the revolving fund mechanism is currently underway. WheAT flour fortification The UN supported the PAK Food Department to operationalize 11 roller flourmills to fortify 300,000 metric tons of wheat flour annually for distribution through a government sales depot. It is estimated that the wheat flour fortified through these mills will reach approximately 65 percent of the population of PAK, or 2.6 million people, including 500,000 women of childbearing age. Preventing stunting and addressing micronutrient deficiencies The UN is supporting efforts to reduce stunting and micronutrient deficiencies among children in 29 union councils in Sindh. The aim is to reduce stunting in children aged 6-23 months and promote appropriate infant and young child feeding practices using locally produced Wawa Mum (a special food for infants and young children made from chickpeas) to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in children aged months using multi-micronutrient powders and appropriate behaviour change communication; to improve the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women to impact birth outcomes; and to study the effectiveness of food-based approaches to reducing stunting. In 2014, nearly 93,000 beneficiaries were reached and 544 lady health workers were trained on infant and young child feeding and programme implementation. 70

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76 Lessons learned and the way forward Addressing threats to security Insecurity and political instability challenged implementation in all programme areas. Threats to vaccinators limited the reach of vaccination programmes, particularly for hardto-reach, poor and marginalized children without access to health services. Ongoing insurgencies and military interventions in Khyber Agency limited access to areas with high numbers of polio cases. The fragile law and order situation particularly in KP, FATA, Balochistan and Gilgit- Baltistan heavily impacted access to target populations and the delivery of assistance. Progress towards achieving food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable was also hindered by the volatile security situation. Moving forward, the UN will continue to monitor security situations on the ground, implement security measures where needed, and work closely with local partners and the UN Department for Safety and Security to ensure the safe delivery of assistance. Building key capacities For many programmes, limited technical and institutional capacities and frequent staff turnover posed significant challenges. Evidence-based planning was undermined by the postponement of the census and the lack of harmonized and uniform data at the national and provincial levels. Efforts to strengthen governance and gender equality were challenged by weak institutions, while progress towards achieving food and nutrition security were undermined by limited staff capacity and lack of education facilities. To address these issues, the UN will continue to conduct robust capacity development for implementing partners in key areas, including education, child protection, labour, entrepreneurship, the use of new technologies and demographic data collection. The UN will also study the structural and administrative changes brought about by the 18th Amendment and provide the appropriate capacity building support needed to effectively operationalize the amendment at the sub-national level. Engaging communities to foster change In some cases, socio-cultural norms challenged implementation. Opposition from religious leaders and community influencers to adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and mistrust of vaccine programmes, posed significant challenges. Progress towards gender equality was undermined by patriarchal norms reproduced within society, in the education system and in the economic and social spheres. In response, the UN will design activities that maximize religious leaders engagement in programmes, and mobilize community leaders to sensitize parents, teachers and community members. The UN will also engage with government counterparts and ministers of parliament to address harmful cultural norms. Multiple communications channels, including radio and print campaigns, will be employed to enable maximum outreach to target populations. Strengthening legal frameworks Lack of or limited legislative frameworks including for WASH, refugees, HBWs and human rights also posed significant challenges. The 18th Amendment has not been effectively operationalized, and even where laws exist to protect vulnerable groups, access to justice is sporadic and lengthy. The weakened central institution in charge of human rights issues and the shrinking democratic space and freedoms also challenged implementation. Moving forward, the UN will undertake concerted advocacy measures as well as targeted communications outreach through print and electronic media and with political engagement. To push the agenda for HBWs, women and minority rights, the UN will identify champions within the civil bureaucracy, police, justice system and parliament. To address the weakening of the central institution charged with human rights issues, the UN will work with the Government to reformulate a sustained intervention in a non-confrontational manner, focusing on pro-poor economic development and gender equality. Efforts will also be made to increase government commitment to legislation and enforcement regarding mandatory food fortification. 72

77 Lessons learned and way forward Data for development The population census scheduled for 2008 has yet to be conducted. A census provides valuable social indicators and economic characteristics, such as population growth and spread, rural/urban distribution, age structure, literacy, educational attainment, employment, migration trends and health indicators. The continued use of outdated demographic data has implications for policy development, planning and monitoring. The sampling framework currently in use for all of Pakistan s surveys are based on data gathered during a census conducted 17 years ago. Provision of services and the distribution of resources rests on accurate and up to date population statistics. Mobilizing resources Lack of funding was another key barrier limiting implementation capacity for a number of programmes, including those aimed at strengthening resilience, governance and gender equity. Where necessary, the UN will formulate and implement robust resource mobilization strategies. To support stronger progress towards the achievement of food and nutrition security, resources will be mobilized for buildings and other facilities required for schools in FATA. ONE UN REPORT

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79 Financial performance Financial performance 2014 was the second year of the implementation of the OP II. The resource framework of OP II comprises core and non-core funds of UN agencies, funds and programmes and the pass through arrangement of the One Fund, all of which contribute to the 54 joint outputs, 20 outcomes and six strategic priority areas. The indicative budget of OP II in 2014 was a subset of the costed five-year OP II Operational Plan results framework, which was based on joint outputs at the specific sub-national level/administrative area, making the budget more realistic. The indicative OP II 2014 planned budget was US$440 million, with year-end funds availability of US$341 million and overall expenditure of approximately US$279 million. The overall delivery was around 82 percent with reference to the year-end funds availability. The remainder of the funds rolled over to OP II 2015 work, however, there was a funding gap of US$99 million in Around 38 percent of available resources were core funds of agencies, provided to them by their headquarters and allocated to the OP II, while 62 percent of the available resources were mobilized by the agencies. OPII Financial Snapshot (2014) ONE UN REPORT

80 Joint Budgetary Status at the SPA level Strategic Priority Area 1 Vulnerable and marginalized populations have equitable access to and use of quality services Strategic Priority Area 2 Inclusive economic growth through the development of sustainable livelihoods Strategic Priority Area 3 Increased national resilience to disasters, crises and external shocks 76

81 Strategic Priority Area 4 Strengthened governance and social cohesion Strategic Priority Area 5 Gender equality and social justice Strategic Priority Area 6 Food and nutrition security for the most vulnerable groups ONE UN REPORT

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