Louisiana Data Analysis Part 1: Prison Trends. Justice Reinvestment Task Force August 11, 2016

Transcription

1 Louisiana Data Analysis Part 1: Prison Trends Justice Reinvestment Task Force August 11,

2 Pretrial Introduction Population Charge of the Justice Reinvestment Task Force The Justice Reinvestment Task Force is a high-level, inter-branch, and bipartisan group charged with analyzing the drivers of the Louisiana prison population; assessing state sentencing and corrections policy; consulting criminal justice stakeholders; and forging consensus on a comprehensive package of reforms that will accomplish the following three goals as set out in HCR 82: Reduce correctional populations and associated criminal justice spending by focusing prison space on serious and violent criminals. Hold offenders accountable more efficiently by implementing or expanding researchbased supervision and sentencing practices. Reinvest savings into strategies shown to decrease recidivism, including improved reentry outcomes. 2

3 Pretrial Introduction Population Justice Reinvestment Task Force Schedule June 17, 2016: Introduction and National Trends August 11, 2016: Data Analysis I: Prison Trends September 23, 2016: Data Analysis II October 21, 2016: Data Analysis III November 17, 2016: System Assessment and Introduction to Policy Development 3

4 Pretrial Introduction Population How We Examine Prison Populations Admissions Time Served Newly Sentenced Prisoners Revocations Newly Sentenced Prisoners Revocations Prison Population 4

5 Pretrial Introduction Population Outline Regional Context Trends in the Louisiana Prison Population Admissions: how many people come into prison Time served: how long they stay in prison Prison population: impact of admissions and time served trends Behind the decline: trends driving the recent decrease in the prison population 5

6 LOUISIANA IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT 6

7 Pretrial Regional Population Context Dramatic Growth in the Imprisonment Rate in Last Three and a Half Decades 1,000 Louisiana Imprisonment Rate per 100,000 Residents, Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 7

8 Pretrial Regional Population Context Crime Rate Began Declining in Mid-1990s 8,000 Louisiana Total Index Crime Rate per 100,000 Residents, ,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 4,792 3,974 0 Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports 8

9 Pretrial Regional Population Context Louisiana Has Similar, Though Slightly Higher, Crime Rate to Many States in the Region 4,500 Total Index Crime Rate per 100,000 Residents by Type, ,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 3,178 3,338 3,416 3,281 3,459 3,460 3,061 3,019 3,276 1,500 1, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Violent Property Tennessee Texas Group Average Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports 9

10 Pretrial Regional Population Context Imprisonment Rate Higher Than States in Region With Similar Crime Rates Imprisonment Rate per 100,000 Residents, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Texas Group Average Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 10

11 Pretrial Regional Population Context Louisiana Has Highest Prison Admission Rate of States in Region with Similar Crime Rates Prison Admission Rate per 100,000 Residents, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Texas Group Average Source: Department of Corrections statistical reports for each state 11

12 Pretrial Regional Population Context Admission Rate of Nonviolent Prisoners Much Higher Than States in Region With Similar Crime Rates 400 Prison Admission Rate per 100,000 Residents by Offense Type, Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Texas Group Average Violent Nonviolent Source: Department of Corrections statistical reports for each state 12

13 Years Pretrial Regional Population Context Average Time Served in Prison Is Similar or Slightly Lower Than States in Region with Similar Crime Rates Average Time Served for All Prison Releases, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Texas Group Average Source: The Pew Charitable Trusts 13

14 Pretrial Regional Population Context Key Takeaways: Regional Context Louisiana s imprisonment rate more than quadrupled in the past 35 years. Louisiana has a higher imprisonment and prison admission rate than other states in the region with similar crime rates. Average time served for people released from prison in Louisiana is on par with or lower than many states in the region with similar crime rates. 14

15 TRENDS IN THE LOUISIANA PRISON POPULATION 15

16 Pretrial Trends in Population the LA Prison Population Data Sources Louisiana Department of Corrections Prison admissions, Prison releases, Annual snapshots of prison population, December 31,

17 Pretrial Trends in Population the LA Prison Population Definition of Terms Supervision Community supervision Probation, parole, or good time parole Offense Type Violent crime Any crime defined as violent in LA R.S. 14:2(B), as well as vehicular homicide (designated by the Supreme Court as a violent crime), and domestic abuse by burning (designated by statute as a violent crime) Primary offense The offense with the longest sentence length associated with an inmate s current prison stay 17

18 Pretrial Trends in Population the LA Prison Population Definition of Terms: Prior Contact Prior DOC contacts include: Prison sentence in DOC custody Probation sentence supervised by DOC Felony specialty court sentence Parole or good time parole supervision sentence Revocation to prison Prior DOC contacts do not include: Arrests Participation in DA diversion programs Misdemeanor convictions 18

19 Pretrial Trends in Population the LA Prison Population Definition of Terms: Admission Types Newly sentenced prisoner Admitted to prison for a court-ordered felony sentence at the time of conviction Revocation Admitted to prison for violating the terms of community supervision Habitual offender Person sentenced under Louisiana s habitual offender statute, which increases the minimum and maximum penalties for second or subsequent felonies 19

20 Pretrial Trends in Population the LA Prison Population Definition of Terms: Release Types Parole Released by the Parole Board after serving the statutorily required portion of the sentence Expiration of Sentence Released to the community after serving full sentence in prison Diminution of Sentence Released to good time parole supervision after earning good time credits or attending certified treatment and rehabilitation programs Other Released through another mechanism such as commutation of sentence, court-ordered release, or death 20

21 Pretrial Trends in Population the LA Prison Population Additional Data Notes Data include only individuals convicted of a felony at hard labor and sentenced to serve a period of confinement in DOC custody Technical violators who serve a revocation sentence that is capped at 90, 120, or 180 days under Act 402 (2007) or Act 299 (2015) are not included in these data Time served calculation does not include pretrial or presentence jail time credited to a prison sentence 21

22 PRISON ADMISSIONS 22

23 Pretrial Admissions Population Louisiana Has Highest Prison Admission Rate of States in Region with Similar Crime Rates Prison Admission Rate per 100,000 Residents, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Texas Group Average Source: Department of Corrections statistical reports for each state 23

24 Pretrial Admissions Population Prison Admissions Up 8% Overall in Last Decade, Declining Since ,000 18,000 Admissions by Year 17,684 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 15,332 16, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 24

25 Pretrial Admissions Population Violent Crime Down 29%, Property Crime Down 15% Since ,500 4,000 3,500 Total Index Crime Rate Per 100,000 Residents, 2006 and ,081 3,459 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Violent crime rate Property crime rate Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports 25

26 Pretrial Admissions Population Nearly 9 in 10 Prison Admissions Are Male Admissions by Sex, 2015 Female 11% Male 89% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 26

27 Pretrial Admissions Population Female Prison Admissions Up 15% in Last Decade, Outpacing Growth of Male Admissions 2,000 Female Admissions by Year 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, ,636 1, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 27

28 Admissions Black Share of Prison Admissions Larger Than Share of State Population State Population by Race, 2015 Asian 2% Other 3% Prison Admissions by Race, 2015 Hispanic 0% Other 0% Black 32% White 42% White 63% Black 58% Sources: US Census Bureau and Louisiana Department of Corrections 28

29 Admissions Majority of Female Prison Admissions Are White, Majority of Males Are Black Female Admissions by Race, 2015 Hispanic 0% Other 0% Male Admissions by Race, 2015 Hispanic 1% Other 0% Black 31% White 38% White 69% Black 61% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 29

30 Pretrial Admissions Population Year Olds Make Up Largest Share of Prison Admissions Admissions by Age Category, or Older 5% % % % % Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 30

31 Pretrial Admissions Population Number of Admissions 55 or Older Has More Than Doubled in Last Decade Admissions 55 or Older by Year Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 31

32 Pretrial Admissions Population 86% of Prison Admissions Have A Nonviolent Primary Offense Admissions by Primary Offense Type, 2015 Other 19% Violent 14% Property 31% Drug 36% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 32

33 Pretrial Admissions Population 81% of Prison Admissions Have No Violent Offenses Associated with Current Admission Admissions by Offense Type, 2015 Other 17% Violent Offense Associated w/ Current Admission 19% Property 29% Drug 35% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 33

34 Pretrial Admissions Population Over 80% of Drug, Property, Other Admissions Have No Prior DOC Contacts with a Primary Violent Offense 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 45% 55% Violent Offense Associated w/ Current Admission Admissions by Offense Type by Prior DOC Contact Type, % 15% 18% 88% 86% 82% Drug Property Other Prior DOC Contact w/ Primary Violent Offense No Prior DOC Contact w/ Primary Violent Offense Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 34

35 Pretrial Admissions Population Revocations Make Up Majority of Admissions, But Share Has Declined in Last Decade 12,000 Admissions by Admission Type by Year 10,000 8,000 9,978 69% 10,300 9,658 59% 6,000 4,000 2,000 4,536 31% 7,312 6,755 41% Revocation from Supervision Newly Sentenced Prisoner Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 35

36 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Newly Sentenced Prison Admissions Up 49% in Last Decade 8,000 7,000 Newly Sentenced Prison Admissions, 2006 and ,755 6,000 5,000 4,536 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 36

37 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Newly Sentenced Prison Admissions Up Across All Offense Types 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, % increase Admissions by Offense Type, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2006 and ,348 13% increase 1,805 2,033 53% increase 1,057 1, % increase 785 1,700 0 Violent Drug Property Other Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 37

38 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners More Than Half of New Drug Sentences to Prison Are for Possession Drug Admissions by Offense Type, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2015 Manufacture and Grow 1% Distribution 20% Possession w/ Intent to Distribute 26% Possession 53% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 38

39 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Top 10 Most Common Crimes at Admission for Newly Sentenced Prisoners Are All Nonviolent Top 10 Offenses at Admission in 2015, Newly Sentenced Prisoners Offense % Change, POSSESSION OF SCHEDULE II DRUG % SIMPLE BURGLARY % OPERATE VEHICLE WHILE INTOXICATED % POSSESSION OF FIREARM BY FELON % DISTRIBUTE SCHEDULE II DRUG % POSSESS WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE SCHEDULE II DRUG % POSSESSION OF SCHEDULE I DRUG % SIMPLE BURGLARY INHABITED DWELLING % POSSESS WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE SCHEDULE I DRUG % SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION VIOLATION % Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 39

40 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners 34% of Newly Sentenced Prisoners Have No Prior DOC Contacts Admissions by Prior DOC Contacts, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2015 More than 5 Priors 9% 3-5 Priors 26% 0 Priors 34% 2 Priors 15% 1 Prior 16% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 40

41 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners People Sentenced Under Habitual Offender Statute Are a Small But Growing Share of Prison Admissions 500 Newly Sentenced Prisoners Convicted Under Habitual Offender Statute by Year Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 41

42 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Urban Centers Send Largest Number of Newly Sentenced Prisoners to Prison Admissions by Parish of Conviction, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2015 Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 42

43 Pretrial Admissions: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Wide Variation in Admission Rate per 100,000 Residents Across Jurisdictions Admissions per 100,000 Residents by Parish of Conviction, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2015 Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 43

44 Pretrial Admissions: Population Revocations Revocations from Community Supervision to Prison Flat over Last Decade 12,000 10,000 Revocations from Supervision, 2006 and ,978 9,658 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 44

45 Pretrial Admissions: Population Revocations Over 75% of Revocations Admitted to Prison Had Underlying Drug or Property Offense Revocations by Underlying Offense Type, 2015 Other 15% Violent 9% Property 35% Drug 41% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 45

46 Pretrial Admissions Population Key Takeaways: Prison Admissions Prison admissions are up 8% in the last decade but have been falling since Louisiana has the highest prison admission rate of surrounding states with similar crime rates. 86% of prison admissions have a primary offense that is nonviolent. Newly sentenced prison admissions are up 49% in the last decade with increases across all offense types. Drug possession is the most common crime at admission for newly sentenced prisoners. All of the top ten most common offenses for newly sentenced prison admissions are nonviolent. Revocations make up 59% of prison admissions. 46

47 Break 47

48 TIME SERVED IN PRISON 48

49 Years Pretrial Time Served Population Average Time Served in Prison Is Similar or Slightly Lower Than States in Region with Similar Crime Rates Average Time Served for All Prison Releases, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Texas Group Average Source: The Pew Charitable Trusts 49

50 Months Pretrial Time Served Population Average Time Served in Prison Has Changed Little in the Last Decade 30 Average Time Served by Year Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 50

51 Pretrial Time Served Population Number of Releases with Shortest and Longest Lengths of Stay Have Increased 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, % increase 6,177 9,340 Releases by Time Served Category, 2006 and ,502 5,883 1,188 Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 4-5 Years 6-10 Years More Than 10 Years , % increase Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 51

52 Months Pretrial Time Served: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Newly Sentenced Prisoners Serve Nearly Three Years on Average, Slight Decrease in Last Decade Average Time Served, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2006 and Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 52

53 Months Pretrial Time Served: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Average Time Served Down for Drug, Property, Other Offenses Average Time Served by Offense Type, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2006 and Violent Drug Property Other Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 53

54 Pretrial Time Served: Population Newly Sentenced Prisoners Time Served Climbing for Some Common Offenses Time Served (Months) for 10 Most Common Offenses at Admission in 2015, Newly Sentenced Prisoners Offense % Change, POSSESSION OF SCHEDULE II DRUG % SIMPLE BURGLARY % OPERATE VEHICLE WHILE INTOXICATED % POSSESSION OF FIREARM BY FELON % DISTRIBUTE SCHEDULE II DRUG % POSSESS WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE SCHEDULE II DRUG % POSSESSION OF SCHEDULE I DRUG % SIMPLE BURGLARY INHABITED DWELLING % POSSESS WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE SCHEDULE I DRUG % SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION VIOLATION % Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 54

55 Months Pretrial Time Served: Population Revocations Revocations Serve Roughly a Year and a Half on Average; Little Change in Last Decade 25 Average Time Served, Revocations, 2006 and Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 55

56 Time Served Proportion of Parole Releases Decreased Over Last Decade Releases by Release Type, 2006 Parole 8% Other 3% Expiration of Sentence 6% Releases by Release Type, 2015 Parole Other 2% 3% Expiration of Sentence 6% Diminution of Sentence 83% Diminution of Sentence 89% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 56

57 Pretrial Time Served Population 75% of Releases Exit a Local Facility or Transitional Work Program Releases by Release Facility, 2015 Transitional Work Program 12% State Prison 16% Reentry Center 3% Private Facility 4% Other 2% Local Facility 63% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 57

58 Pretrial Time Served Population Key Takeaways: Time Served On average, time served is decreasing for drug and property offenses, though it is on the rise for some common crimes. Newly sentenced prisoners serve longer on average than revocations from community supervision. The majority of those released from prison are released from a local facility. 58

59 PRISON POPULATION 59

60 Pretrial Prison Population Imprisonment Rate Higher Than States in Region With Similar Crime Rates Imprisonment Rate per 100,000 Residents, Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Texas Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 60

61 Pretrial Prison Population Prison Population Peaked at Roughly 40,000 in 2012; Down 9% in Last 3 Years Prison Population by Year (December 31 Annual Snapshot) 45,000 40,000 35,000 35,885 39,867 36,146 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 61

62 Pretrial Prison Population Males Make Up 94% of Prison Population Prison Population by Sex, 2015 Female 6% Male 94% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 62

63 Prison Population Black Inmates Make Up Majority of Prison Population State Population by Race, 2015 Asian 2% Other 3% Prison Population by Race, 2015 Hispanic 0% Other 0% Black 32% White 32% White 63% Black 68% Sources: US Census Bureau and Louisiana Department of Corrections 63

64 Pretrial Prison Population 12% of Inmates Are 55 or Older Prison Population by Age Category, 2015 Under 18 0% 55 or Older 12% % % % % Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 64

65 Pretrial Prison Population One Quarter of Prisoners Have No Prior DOC Contacts Prison Population by Prior DOC Contacts, 2015 More than 5 Priors 11% 0 Priors 25% 3-5 Priors 28% 1 Prior 19% 2 Priors 17% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 65

66 Pretrial Prison Population Revocations from Community Supervision Make Up 43% of Prison Population Prison Population by Admission Type, 2015 Revocation from Supervision 43% Newly Sentenced Prisoner 57% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 66

67 Pretrial Prison Population People Sentenced for Drug or Property Crimes Make Up 40% of Prison Population Prison Population by Offense Type, 2015 Other 15% Property 16% Violent 45% Drug 24% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 67

68 Pretrial Prison Population Inmates Convicted Under Habitual Offender Statute Make Up 15% of Prison Population Prison Population by Habitual Offender Status, 2015 Habitual Offender 15% Other 85% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 68

69 Pretrial Prison Population People Serving Life Sentences Make up 13% of Prison Population Prison Population by Sentence Type, 2015 Life 13% Other 87% Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 69

70 Pretrial Prison Population Key Takeaways: Prison Population The prison population peaked in 2012 and has declined 9% in the last three years. Despite the decline, Louisiana still has the highest imprisonment rate of any state in the country. People serving time for drug or property crimes make up 40% of the prison population. 43% of prisoners are revocations from community supervision. 70

71 TRENDS IN THE PRISON POPULATION SINCE

72 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Prison Population Peaked in 2012 at Roughly 40,000 Prison Population by Year 45,000 40,000 35,000 35,885 39,867 36,146 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 72

73 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Prison Population Down 9% Since ,000 Prison Population by Year 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 39,867 36, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 73

74 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Prison Admissions Down 7% Since ,000 Prison Admissions by Year 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 17,684 16, Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 74

75 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Declines in Admissions Across Most Offense Types 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 Admissions by Offense Type, 2012 and ,699 5,972 5,208 5,001 4,000 3,000 2,000 2,515 2,252 3,091 3,155 1,000 0 Violent Drug Property Other Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 75

76 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Declines in Newly Sentenced Prisoners and Revocations Admitted to Prison 12,000 10,000 Admissions by Admission Type, 2012 and ,061 9,658 8,000 6,000 7,312 6,755 4,000 2,000 0 Newly Sentenced Prisoner Revocation from Supervision Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 76

77 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Releases Have Increased 5% Since 2012, Now Outpace Admissions 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Admissions and Releases by Year 17,684 18,023 17,097 16, Admissions Releases Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections 77

78 Pretrial Recent Trends Population Key Takeaways: Recent Trends The prison population has declined 9% since The decline is driven by a combination of decreasing admissions and increasing releases. Declining admissions across both revocations and newly sentenced prisoners. 78

79 SUMMARY 79

80 Pretrial Summary Population Summary of Takeaways Admissions: Prison admissions are up 8% in the last decade but have been falling since Louisiana has the highest prison admission rate among surrounding states with similar crime rates. 86% of prison admissions have a primary offense that is nonviolent. Newly sentenced prison admissions are up 49% in the last decade with increases across all offense types. Drug possession is the most common crime at admission for newly sentenced prisoners. All of the top ten most common offenses for newly sentenced prison admissions are nonviolent. Revocations make up 59% of prison admissions. 80

81 Pretrial Summary Population Summary of Takeaways Time Served: On average, time served is decreasing for drug and property offenses, though it is on the rise for some common crimes. Newly sentenced prisoners serve longer on average than revocations from community supervision. The majority of those released from prison are released from a local facility. 81

82 Pretrial Summary Population Summary of Takeaways Prison Population: The prison population peaked in 2012 and has declined 9% in the last three years, driven by decreasing admissions and increasing releases. Despite the decline, Louisiana still has the highest imprisonment rate of any state in the country. People serving time for drug or property crimes make up 40% of the prison population. 43% of prisoners are revocations from community supervision. 82

83 Questions? 83

84 Pretrial Summary Population Contact Information Laura Bennett Office: (202) Public Safety Performance Project 84