Committee: General Assembly (GA) Chair Members: Araceli Nava Niño. Elías Eduardo Mejía Nava. Topic: Security Council Take of Action Improvement

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1 Committee: General Assembly (GA) Chair Members: Araceli Nava Niño Elías Eduardo Mejía Nava Topic: Security Council Take of Action Improvement I. INTRODUCTION Established in 1945 under the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly occupies a central position as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations. Comprising all 193 Members of the United Nations, it provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of international issues covered by the Charter. It also plays a significant role in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law. Its main role is to maintain and restore international security and peace in the globe. Annex 1 General Assembly s Hall in United Nations.

2 According to the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly may: Consider and approve the United Nations budget and establish the financial assessments of Member States. Consider and make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament. Discuss any question relating to international peace and security and, except where a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by the Security Council, make recommendations on it. Over the years, the security council has made decisions of important conflicts that have marked the history of humanity, from which it was created. Have intervened programs, groups, delegations and many other fields to reach a possible solution. There has been a dispute about the efficiency in decision-making and actions of this organization, which leaves much to talk about and is sure that if there is a delay in solving the problems that this council must act; since its main purpose is to maintain the peace. II. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT For a long time, there have been several conflicts in which it is required external will and help from another countries or organs to resolve them. In 1946: It has emerged on the United Nations one organ that it was considered very important, the Security Council, with the main responsibility of promote the peace and the international security, encompassing 4 purposes, to maintain, foment, cooperate and serve for a new and better future between the Annex 2 Permanent members in Security Council

3 nations. The Security Council counts with 15 members, of which 10 are no permanents and 5 are permanent, which are: United States of America, United Kingdom, China, France and Russia. These 15 members have joined to combat conflicts and give to the society one answer. Like the other organs, the Security Council has had advantages and disadvantages inside it-self, but, they work in the best possible way that they consider reaching the common benefit. Throughout its more than 70 years of existence, the Security Council has achieved significant operations to maintain the peace and promote international relationships, examples of its performance are: In 1948: They came into peace operations deployed by the United Nations; They are one of the means used by Security Council to maintain the peace and the international security. These activities are composed of international forces and contribute to support the monitoring and resolution of conflicts between hostile countries and/or communities within the same country, and they are organized by continents and classified according to the operation that is in force, completed or will be carried out. These United Nations operations provide the basic guarantees of security and respond to the crisis, have supported the policy of translation and have contributed to the new institutions of the new States. The establishment of peace: With the negotiation of 172 peaceful settlements that put an end to regional conflicts. In : Such an Iran-Iraq war. In : the civil war of Salvador.

4 In 1991: Cambodia, the peace mission put an end to violence and established a democratic government. The UN also fought for the liberation of countries that were under a colonial regime for more than 450 years. Eighty countries and more than 750 million people have been freed from colonialism ever since. Nevertheless, the UN has had failures in its interventions such as: In 1970: When 190 nations signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the five superpowers had atomic weapons. Then, despite this agreement and the Partial Prohibition of Nuclear Testing, several countries (North Korea, Israel, Pakistan and India) developed nuclear weapons. This showed the UN's inability to ensure that violating countries. A report by Body Count reveals that "in addition to the one million people killed in Iraq, another 220,000 died in Afghanistan and 80,000 in Pakistan because of US foreign policy. Last year, Israel bombed residential homes, schools, hospitals and UN shelters in the Palestinian territory of Gaza, leaving 2,200 people dead. The UN Security Council has been forced to participate in the United States. Libya was devastated with 40,000 people dead, and Syria's civil war already left 220,000 dead. In addition, these wars forced 50 million people to leave their homes. III. CURRENT HAPPENINGS As in past years, the security council oversees the international peacekeeping and security, according to the principles of the UN, but this organization also has flaws, and one of them is that Annex 3 United Nations Security Council

5 the council takes a lot of time in making decisions and therefore taking actions, therefore the beylic conflicts persist longer and there is the risk that they become more dangerous for anyone. The countries that are being affected by the delay of the security council in the last years are: Syria: is facing a civil armed conflict and as the Syrian conflict enters its seventh year, more than 465,000 Syrians have been killed in the fighting, Yemen: The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. South Sudan: After three years of civil war, the world s youngest country is still bedeviled by multiple conflicts. A clear example of the late decision making of this organization is that to this day there is no clear solution to the dispute in the Middle East in the territory of Syria. Since they continue without an answer for the well-being of the country. Peacekeeping Missions: Peacekeeping operations are called for maintain the peace and security, facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring Annex 4 United Nations support Syria the rule of law. Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.

6 While some peacekeeping missions perform adequately, others have failed to protect civilians notably at Srebrenica, where Dutch peacekeepers watched on powerless as thousands of men were murdered. Of the 69 UN peacekeeping missions over the past 68 years, there have been some notable failures and cases of successful intervention. Somalia: The UN operation was the first time the peacekeeping force had been used for humanitarian intervention. When an American Black Hawk helicopter was shot down as part of the Battle of Mogadishu, the US withdrew its troops. In 1995, the UN withdrew all peacekeeping troops. It was described at the time by one UN official as "the greatest failure of the UN in our lifetime". Rwanda: Another major failing of the UN peacekeeping organization was not doing more to prevent the 1994 Rwandan genocide. More than 2,500 UN peacekeepers were withdrawn after the murder of ten Belgian soldiers. In one case, the peacekeeping forces deserted a school where Tutsis were taking shelter hundreds of people inside were immediately massacred. IV. KEY POINTS Delay of meetings for the trafficking of subjects of immediate resolution. Unsuccessful missions The right of veto and vote Influence of permanent members Annex 5 The right of veto and vote

7 V. UN ACTIONS During the working time of this organization, resolutions have been carried out to achieve the general purpose of each committee to fulfill the goals set, such as promoting and maintaining peace between nations, certainly each body has the purpose of solving certain types of conflicts and this is how today there is a better relationship between countries and new challenges to be resolved. The United Nations proceeded with new actions to improve protocol, formality, format, among many other things, one of them has been efficiency in each committee, and today talking about that topic, we see a drastic change in each of these members, the security council within the United Nations is an organization with a high degree of importance, so each year has changes in its non-permanent members, the decision is made by unanimous agreement. Since the inception of this committee in 1946 he has had procedures for improvement in each given period, with the purpose of having better resolutions and being open to other opinions. An example is all non-permanent nations selections for the security council and the election of permanent countries by rank power within this organization. In 1947 Syria was openly declared a participating country within the Security Council, in 1967 United States was recognized important member after its constant participation in this, was named permanent member. Annex 6 Resolutions and proposals in Security Council

8 VI. BLOCK ANALYSIS: Eastern European Group Peace must never be taken for granted in Europe, where several nonserious conflicts could affect security on a global scale, speakers in the Security Council said, during an open debate. Annex 7 Security Council vote on resolutions United Nations Secretary- General Antonio Guterres said the Council was seized of many conflict situations in Europe, noting that the Organization was working with such regional mechanisms as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union in tackling them. Emphasizing the misleading nature of the term frozen conflict, often used to describe conflicts in Europe, he underlined that the risk of renewed violence remained until peace agreements were signed and implemented. Asia-Pacific Group United Nations member countries voting in elections for the UN Security Council on June 28, 2016, should scrutinize the human rights records of both candidates from the Asia group, Human Rights Watch said today. Thailand and Kazakhstan are competing for one open seat for Asia on the Security Council, the 15-member body that bears primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security within the UN system. African Group After a long process of decolonization on the continent of Africa, allowed for the emergence of democratic processes and a better governmental attitude towards the African continent. During the last years, an emergence of new threats to the security of the African

9 continent and the development that is interrelated between them, so it s necessary an effort of coordination on all sides, not only between the traditional vectors of security, if not also give importance to the economic, energy, development and environmental sustainability security. VII. SOURSES BBC. (2017) Why is there a war in Syria (online) Retrieved From: Consulted March 23th 2017 FO. (2017) 10 Conflicts to Watch in 2017 (online) Retrieved From: Consulted March 23th 2017 Morales, S. (2016). Africa through the threats and dynamics that influence its security (online). Checked out on June 29, Retrieved from: Consulted March 26 th 2017 News Aljazeera. (2017) Syria's civil war explained from the beginning Retrieved From: Consulted March 28th, 2017 UN News Centre (2017) Syria situation with United States and Russia (online) Retrieved from: Consulted March 28 th 2017 UN News Centre (Mon, 10 th April 2017) Syria UN. (online) Retrieved from: Consulted UN News Centre (Wed, 26 April 2017) Syria UN aid officials urge. (online) Retrieved from:

10 UN SC (2015) Resolution statement (online) Retrieved from: CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_prst_2015_10.pdf Consulted April 9 th 2017 UN SC. (2016) Voting system and records (online). Retrieved from: Consulted April 9th 2017 UN. (2015) Security Council resolution. (online) Check out on Retrieved from: Security Council UN. (2015) What is Security Council. (online) check out on Retrieved from: UN. (2016) Current members in Security Council. (online) Check out on Retrieved from: UN. (2016). UN Security Council: Both Asian Candidates Poor on Rights (online). Checked out on June 27, Retrieved from: UN. (2017) Repertoire of Security Council. (online) check out on February 20 th, Retrieved from: UN. (2017) Security Council resolution. (online) Check out on Retrieved from: UN. (2017) United Nations Security Council. (online). Retrieved from: UN. (2017). Never Take Peace in Europe for Granted, Say Speakers as Security Council Holds Open Debate on Region s Protracted Conflicts (online). Checked out on February 21, Retrieved from:

11 United Nations (2016). New sessions in committee (online). Retrieved from: United Nations (2017). Peace Keeping operations. Retrieved from: United Nations (2017). Peace Keeping roles. Retrieved from: VIII. RECOMMENDED SOURSES Security Council

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