1) Who was the first Communist leader of Cuba? In what year did he take power? 3) How has the United States reacted to the Castro regime in Cuba?

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1 6. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Bosnia Human rights violations have been common in Bosnia ever since independence was declared in Specifically, Article 5 has been violated repeatedly. The civil war in the region has involved murder, rape, and violent torture. Bosnian Serbs have attempted to "cleanse" the region of Muslims, slaughtering them on sight and burning their homes and mosques. After the United Nations supported the Dayton Conference for peace in the region in 1995, it sent peacekeeping forces to enforce the terms. Sporadic violence has continued, but it is hoped that the groups can live together in one nation, although in separate regions. Cuba Ever since Fidel Castro took control of Cuba, his regime has violated Article 21 of the Declaration of Human Rights. He has not tolerated political opposition or sought to establish a representative government. Instead, Castro stands as a dictator, even as his own people face economic hardships. The United States has reacted by imposing economic sanctions, which have become particularly effective since the fall of communism in Europe. The Soviet Union no longer supports the Castro regime, and without trade and cooperation with that industrialized nation, Cuba's future seems bleak. Unfortunately, if tradition holds, it will be the people of Cuba, rather than Castro himself, who will suffer the consequences. India The caste system in India has led to many violations of human rights, especially against members of the lowest caste, the "untouchables." Members of the lowest caste cannot associate with the members of higher castes, neither in social situations nor in business partnerships. The untouchables are prevented from marrying, befriending, or even talking to people of higher castes, in definite violation of Article 20. Rwanda/Burundi Human rights violations in Rwanda and Burundi stem from conflicts between two groups: the Tutsi (10 percent of the population in Rwanda and 15 percent of the population in Burundi) who traditionally have governed the Hutu (90 percent of Rwanda, 85 percent of Burundi). Hutu revolts against Tutsi leadership left hundreds of thousands dead. The Hutu eventually gained control in the 1970s. However, in 1994, the Hutu leaders of Rwanda and Burundi were killed in an airline crash, and thereafter the Tutsi swept through the nations and declared civil war, creating a refugee problem of nearly two million Hutu. Many articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have been violated by both sides of this ongoing problem, but most recently the Iran After the success of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, the new fundamentalist government reversed the human rights progress made by Shah Pahlavi and strictly monitored those with views opposed to the goals of the new regime. In direct violation of Article 18, the new government arrested, tortured, and killed people who it believed represented a threat to the social, political, and religious goals of the government. Much of the world was stunned by the success of a religiously motivated revolution, but the world has not been quick to act on behalf of the people whose religious and political rights are being violated. The United States enacted a trade embargo against Iran, but its decision was due to Iran's support of terrorism, not to Iran's suppression of freedoms within its own country. Instead, reform in Iran has come from within. Many Iranians have become increasingly dissatisfied with the state of the economy and general society since the Islamic Revolution. They are arguing, sometimes successfully, for a more open society.

2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- CUBA 1) Who was the first Communist leader of Cuba? In what year did he take power? q 9 ) 2) Castro's regime in Cuba has consistently violated Article 21 of the. Give two examples of this violation: and 3) How has the United States reacted to the Castro regime in Cuba? 4) How has the economy of Cuba been affected by Castro's long tenure in office? 5) How has the fall of communism in the former Soviet Union affected Cuba's economy? 6) How would you describe the economic prospects for people of Cuba? Is the human rights situation in Cuba likely to improve?

3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Rwanda/Burundi 1. Which two nations have groups in conflict? 2. Which two ethnic groups are in conflict? 3. * Why are the two groups fighting? 4. * What is ethnic cleansing? 5. What was the result of the Hutu's revolts? 6. After the Hutu leaders were killed what did the Tutsis do? 7. Due to the actions of the Tutsi, what major problem occurred to the Hutu?

4 Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- IRAN 1) What was the goal of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran? 2) Define the term "fundamentalism" as it applies to the Iranian revolution. 3) What human rights violations did the new fundamentalist government of Iran commit against its people? 4) How did the rest of the world react to human rights violations in Iran? 5) What was the United States' response to the revolution in Iran? Why did the U.S. react this way? 6) What is the new attitude of many Iranians towards their government? Has the U.S. policy towards Iran had much effect on Iranian attitudes?

5 I Citizen Protests - Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China 1) When was the Tiananmen Square demonstration? Who took part? What were they demonstrating for? 2) Name two specific causes that led Chinese students to demonstrate in Tiananmen Square in 1989? i) ii) 3) How did the Chinese government respond to the student demonstrations? 4) How did the rest of the world (particularly the United States) react to the student demonstrations? 5) Has the Chinese government made any changes as a result of the Tiananmen Square demonstration? Consider social, political and economic areas.

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