PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Transcription

1 Standard Eurobarometer 79 Spring 2013 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION FIRST RESULTS Fieldwork: May 2013 Publication: July 2013 This survey has been requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication. This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors. Standard Eurobarometer 79 / Spring 2013 TNS opinion & social

2 Standard Eurobarometer 79 Spring 2013 First results Survey carried out by TNS opinion & social at the request of the European Commission s Directorate-General for Communication Survey coordinated by the European Commission s Directorate-General for Communication (DG COMM Research and Speechwriting Unit)

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 I. EU Citizenship Feeling like a citizen of the European Union: trend Feeling like a citizen of the European Union: national results Knowledge of rights as a citizen of the European Union: trend Knowledge of rights as a citizen of the European Union: national results Information about EU citizens rights: trend Information about EU citizens rights: national results Most positive result of the European Union: trend... 8 II. Europeans and political institutions Trust in national governments and parliaments and in the European Union: trend The image of the European Union: trend The future of the European Union: trend The future of the European Union: national results My voice counts in the European Union: trend My voice counts in the European Union: national results Awareness of the European Parliament: trend Knowledge of how the members of the European Parliament are appointed: trend Knowledge of how the members of the European Parliament are appointed: national results and evolutions III. Europeans and the economic situation Assessment of the current situation: general and personal aspects Current situation of the economy at national level: trend Current situation of the economy at national level: national results IV. The main concerns of Europeans Main concerns at national level Main concerns at national level: national results Main concerns at personal level Main concerns at European level: evolutions Expectations for the next twelve months: general and personal aspects

4 V. The crisis Support for European economic and monetary union with a single currency, the euro: trend Support for European economic and monetary union with a single currency, the euro: national results and evolutions Impact of the crisis on jobs: trend Impact of the crisis on jobs: national results and evolutions The consequences of the crisis for the European Union What is the most effective level at which to tackle the crisis? EU s voice counts in the world: trend EU s voice counts in the world: national results VI. Europe Perceived importance of the Europe 2020 strategy initiatives The Europe 2020 targets Overall CONCLUSION ANNEXES Technical specifications 2

5 INTRODUCTION This report presents the first results of the Standard Eurobarometer 79 survey, which was carried out between 10 and 26 May 2013 in 34 countries or territories 1 : the 27 European Union Member States, the six candidate countries (Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Iceland, Montenegro and Serbia), and the Turkish Cypriot Community in the part of the country that is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. Croatia joined the EU on 1 July 2013, but was not a Member State of the European Union when the fieldwork was conducted. Therefore, the weighted average for the European Union presented in this report and annex represents the 27 countries which were EU Member States at the time of the fieldwork. This First results report provides a selection of data on various topics such as the economy and the European political situation. It is published jointly with the results of the Standard Eurobarometer questions on the economic crisis and other political trends in the EU, which are set out in an annex. The previous Standard Eurobarometer survey of autumn 2012 (EB78) was marked by the relative stability of most indicators regarding perceptions of the economic situation, which remained at a rather weak level. Most of the indicators of support for the European Union and its institutions were also fairly stable. Since the Standard Eurobarometer survey of autumn 2012 (EB78), national elections have taken place in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Italy and Malta. In early May 2013, just before the beginning of the fieldwork for this Standard Eurobarometer survey, the spring 2013 forecasts were published by the European Commission 2. Though growth in GDP is expected to be negative in the EU (-0.1%) and the euro area (-0.4%) in 2013, a real-terms increase is expected in 2014: economic activity is forecast to expand by 1.4% in the EU and 1.2 % in the euro area is the European Year of Citizens 3. The aim of this initiative is to promote the rights that all EU citizens enjoy, to underline the concept of EU citizenship, to highlight voting rights and to encourage people take part in the forthcoming May 2014 European elections. Since September 2012, the European Commission has been organising Citizens Dialogues 4, which are opportunities for EU citizens themselves to talk to EU Commissioners about topics such as Europe and the crisis, EU citizens rights, and the future of Europe. These Citizens' Dialogues are held in cities all over Europe. This report focuses on the results obtained in the 27 EU Member States and Croatia and is divided into six parts. The first part analyses questions linked to EU citizenship, while the second considers how respondents view political institutions: national governments and parliaments, and the EU. 1 Please consult the technical specifications for the exact fieldwork dates in each Member State 2 3

6 The third part details how Europeans perceive the current economic situation, while the fourth part looks at the main concerns of Europeans and their expectations. The fifth part is devoted to the euro and the issues raised by the crisis and the sixth part examines the way in which Europeans perceive the various initiatives of the Europe 2020 strategy. As these questions have been asked in previous Standard Eurobarometer surveys we are able to analyse trends in opinion. The methodology used is that of the Eurobarometer surveys carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication ( Research and Speechwriting Unit) 5. A technical note concerning the interviews conducted by the member institutes of the TNS Opinion & Social network is annexed to this report. It also specifies the confidence intervals 6. In this report, the following abbreviations are used: ABBREVIATIONS BE Belgium LV Latvia CZ Czech Republic LU Luxembourg BG Bulgaria HU Hungary DK Denmark MT Malta DE Germany NL The Netherlands EE Estonia AT Austria EL Greece PL Poland ES Spain PT Portugal FR France RO Romania IE Ireland SI Slovenia IT Italy SK Slovakia CY Republic of Cyprus*** FI Finland LT Lithuania SE Sweden UK The United Kingdom CY (tcc) Turkish Cypriot Community HR Croatia EU27 European Union 27 Member States TR Turkey MK Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia BE, IT, FR, DE, LU, NL, DK, UK, IE, PT, ES, EL, AT, EU15 **** SE, FI* IS Iceland NMS12 BG, CZ, EE, CY, LT, LV, MT, HU, PL, RO, SL, SK** ME Montenegro EURO AREA BE, FR, IT, LU, DE, AT, ES, PT, IE, NL, FI, EL, EE, SI, CY, MT, SK RS Serbia NON-EURO AREA BG, CZ, DK, LV, LT, HU, PL, RO, SE, UK * EU15 refers to the 15 European Union Member States before the enlargements of 2004 and 2007 ** The NMS12 countries are the 12 new Member States that joined the European Union at the time of the 2004 and 2007 enlargements *** Cyprus as a whole is one of the 27 European Union Member States. However, the acquis communautaire has been suspended in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews carried out in the part of the country controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the CY category and in the EU27 average. The interviews carried out in the part of the country that is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the CY(tcc) [tcc: Turkish Cypriot Community category] **** Provisional abbreviation which in no way prejudges the definitive name of this country, which will be agreed once the current negotiations at the United Nations have been completed * * * * * We wish to thank all the people interviewed throughout Europe who took the time to take part in this survey. Without their active participation, this survey would not have been possible The results tables are annexed. It should be noted that the total of the percentages indicated in the tables in this report may exceed 100% when the respondent was able to choose several answers to the same question. 4

7 I. EU Citizenship 1. Feeling like a citizen of the European Union: trend An absolute majority of Europeans feel that they are citizens of the EU, and this opinion is stable (62%, -1 since autumn 2012). More than a third disagree with this statement (37%, +1). Since spring 2010 (EB73), this feeling of being a European citizen has changed little, varying between 61% and 63%. 2. Feeling like a citizen of the European Union: national results Wide differences exist between countries: more than three in four respondents in Luxembourg, Malta and Slovakia feel that they are citizens of the EU, while less than half do so in Bulgaria, the United Kingdom, Cyprus and Greece. However, these are the only four Member States where a majority of respondents do not feel that they are citizens of the EU. Sharing the European currency strengthens this feeling to some extent: 64% of respondents within the euro area feel they are citizens of the EU, compared with 57% outside it. 5

8 3. Knowledge of rights as a citizen of the European Union: trend Close to half of Europeans know what their rights are as citizens of the EU (46%, +1 since autumn 2012). A slight majority say that they do not know their rights as citizens of the EU (53%, -1). After a 5-point increase between spring 2010 (EB73) and spring 2011 (EB75) (from 42% up to 47%), this knowledge of rights as EU citizens has varied little since spring 2011, between 47% and 45%. 4. Knowledge of rights as a citizen of the European Union: national results In 14 Member States, majorities of respondents say that they know their rights as EU citizens, with the highest levels measured in Luxembourg (67%, +4), Finland (65%, -2) and Germany (61%, +3). Significant differences have been observed since autumn 2012 in Portugal (+10 to 45%), Romania, (+8 to 43%) and Slovakia (+7 to 59%). 6

9 5. Information about EU citizens rights: trend A large majority of European citizens would like to know more about their rights as citizens of the EU (59%). However, this proportion has decreased since the Standard Eurobarometer survey of spring 2010 (EB73), when 72% shared this opinion. Conversely, the proportion saying that they are not interested in knowing more about their rights has increased, from 26% in spring 2010 up to 39% in spring Information about EU citizens rights: national results In 23 EU Member States, a majority of respondents would like to know more about their rights as citizens of the EU. This opinion is the most widespread in Cyprus (86%), Slovakia (76%) and Sweden (75%). Conversely, in four Member States majorities of respondents say that they would not like to know more about their rights: Finland (50%), the United Kingdom (51%), Portugal (54%) and Austria (59%). 7

10 7. Most positive result of the European Union: trend The free movement of people, good and services within the EU (56%, +4) and peace amongst the Member States of the EU (53%, +3) continue to be seen as by far the most positive results of the EU. Both items are mentioned by more than half the respondents, in proportions that have actually increased since autumn All other items are cited by between around a quarter and a fifth of respondents: the euro (24%, -1), student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS (23%, +1), the political and diplomatic influence of the EU in the rest of the world (20%, stable), the economic power of the EU (20%, stable) and the level of social welfare (healthcare, education, pensions) in the EU (19%, +1). The common agricultural policy (12%, +1) continues to bring up the rear. The proportion of Europeans spontaneously answering none has decreased slightly (11%, -2). 8

11 II. Europeans and political institutions 1. Trust in national governments and parliaments and in the European Union: trend Trust levels in political institutions continue to decrease, though there is still more trust in the European Union than in national institutions. After a 2-point decrease, trust in the European Union has fallen back to the spring 2012 level (EB77). It is still higher than the levels recorded for national governments (25%, -2) and parliaments (26%, -2), which are also facing a slight decrease. 9

12 2. The image of the European Union: trend The image of the EU is stable. A majority of Europeans have a neutral image of the EU (39%, =), and the proportion of respondents for whom it conjures up a positive image continues to be just higher than the proportion for whom it is negative (30% positive, unchanged; 29% negative, unchanged). 3. The future of the European Union: trend Europeans are fairly evenly divided about the future of the EU. Close to half of them are optimistic (49%), whereas 46% are pessimistic. These results are almost unchanged since autumn 2012 (50% optimistic, vs. 45% pessimistic). 10

13 4. The future of the European Union: national results In 19 countries, majorities of respondents say that they are optimistic about the future of the EU, led by Denmark (72%), Estonia (64%), Lithuania (64%), Malta (63%) and Poland (63%). At the other end of the scale, majorities are pessimistic in nine countries, in particular in Portugal (67%), Cyprus (69%) and Greece (69%). 5. My voice counts in the European Union: trend More than two-thirds of Europeans say that their voice does not count in the EU (67%), a 3-point increase taking this score to its highest level since autumn 2004 (EB62) when the question was first asked. This proportion has increased almost continuously since spring 2009 (EB71), from 53% up to 67%. Slightly more than a quarter of respondents (28%, - 3) agree that their voice counts in the EU. 11

14 6. My voice counts in the European Union: national results In 24 EU Member States, absolute majorities of respondents disagree that their voice counts in the EU. This opinion is most widespread in Greece (89%) and Cyprus (89%), but is also very common in Portugal (81%), in Italy (78%) and in Spain (77%). These five countries in the south of the EU are joined by the Czech Republic (81%) and Estonia (77%). In three countries majorities of the population consider that their voice does count in the EU: Denmark (56%), Croatia (48% vs. 45%) and Malta (45% vs. 43%). 12

15 7. Awareness of the European Parliament: trend In May 2014, Europeans will elect their representatives to the European Parliament. Nine in ten say they have heard of this institution (90%, -1 since autumn 2012). This proportion has registered little evolution over time, varying only within a narrow range of 87% to 91% since spring Awareness of the European Parliament is widespread in every Member State: the proportion of respondents that have heard of the European Parliament ranges from 98% in Denmark, Slovenia and Finland to 85% in the United Kingdom and 84% in Italy. 13

16 8. Knowledge of how the members of the European Parliament are appointed: trend An outright majority of Europeans know that the members of the European Parliament are directly elected by the citizens of each Member State (52%, unchanged since autumn 2012); conversely, close to three in ten Europeans think that this statement is false (29%, -1) and 19% (+1) do not know. Since spring 2010 (EB73), knowledge of how MEPs are appointed has declined from 59% down to 52% in spring

17 9. Knowledge of how the members of the European Parliament are appointed: national results and evolutions Outright majorities of respondents know how MEPs are appointed in 22 Member States, led by Malta (86%), Cyprus (83%) and Greece (81%). Knowledge has increased most substantially in Latvia (63%, +10 since autumn 2012) and Sweden (59%, +6). Conversely, a 10-point decrease is observed in Spain (42%). In Croatia, where MEPs were elected in April 2013 in anticipation of the country s accession to the EU (on 1 July 2013), knowledge has increased spectacularly since autumn 2012 (78%, +40 points). 15

18 III. Europeans and the economic situation 1. Assessment of the current situation: general and personal aspects Respondents assessments of their household financial situation and their personal job situation have remained stable since the previous survey carried out in autumn These indicators are almost unchanged since autumn 2011 (EB76). Perceptions of the national economic situation are also almost unchanged (total good -1, total bad stable), but improvements can be seen for the European level (total good +2, total bad, -3) and the global level (+2, -4). 16

19 2. Current situation of the economy at national level: trend Perceptions of the national economy remain stable, and positive answers are at a very low level. Only 26% of Europeans consider that the situation of their national economy is very or rather good. This stability at EU level conceals striking evolutions in both directions nationally. 17

20 3. Current situation of the economy at national level: national results Perceptions of the current situation of the national economy vary widely between EU Member States. In Sweden, Germany and Luxembourg, three-quarters or more of respondents continue to consider that the economic situation of their country is good, whereas there are now six Member States in which less than 5% of respondents agree: Greece and Spain have been joined by Slovenia, Portugal, Bulgaria and Cyprus. In four other Member States, less than 10% of respondents agree: Romania, Ireland, Italy and France. The gap between countries where the national economic situation is seen in a positive light and those where it is not is widening. It now stands at 79 percentage points between Sweden and Spain whereas it was 74 points between Sweden and Greece in autumn

21 IV. The main concerns of Europeans 1. Main concerns at national level Unemployment continues to widen its lead as the first issue concerning Europeans at national level: after a 3-point increase, more than half of Europeans mention this item. Three other economic issues follow, but these have all lost ground: the economic situation (33%, -4), rising prices (20%, -4), and government debt (15%, -2). As in autumn 2012, all other issues are mentioned by less than one in eight Europeans and are very stable (1-point change maximum); immigration is the only exception, with a 2-point rise to 10%. 19

22 2. Main concerns at national level: national results In every country, respondents consider that economic matters are the main issues that their country is facing at the moment. Except in Malta, where respondents identify immigration as their main national problem (29%), the first item of concern is directly related to the economy. Unemployment is now the most frequently mentioned issue in 21 countries, and was cited by more than seven in ten respondents in Spain (79%), Cyprus (72%, in second place), and Portugal (72%). The economic situation is the first item mentioned in Cyprus (75%, following a 10-point increase), Slovenia (57%), and Romania (44%). Rising prices are the main concern in Estonia (51%) and Austria (38%). As in spring and autumn 2012, Germany is the only country where government debt is the main worry for respondents (29%), despite a 5-point decrease. 20

23 3. Main concerns at personal level Despite a 3-point fall, rising prices/inflation continues to be by far the main personal concern of Europeans (41%). The next four issues are also all financial and economic in nature: unemployment (22%, +1), the national economic situation (18%, -1), taxation (16%, unchanged) and the household financial situation (16%, +1). 4. Main concerns at European level: evolutions Although the economic situation is still seen by Europeans as the most important issue facing the EU (48%), it has nevertheless registered a 5-point fall since autumn Meanwhile, unemployment (38%) has moved in the opposite direction and has registered a 2-point increase. The state of Member States' public finances remains the third most important issue (30%, -2). 21

24 5. Expectations for the next twelve months: general and personal aspects While perceptions of their personal situation are unchanged, Europeans short-term expectations show some improvement: optimism has remained fairly stable, but pessimism has declined. Although large majorities continue to consider that the next twelve months will be the same for the household financial situation (60%, +4 percentage points) and their personal job situation (61%, +2), fewer respondents expect the situation to worsen in both cases (19%, -4 and 11%, -1 respectively). This phenomenon - increases in the proportion of same in combination with decreases in worse - is even more striking in the case of the economy, where it can be seen at national ( same 44%, +5; worse 34%, -6), European ( same 41%, +4; worse 32%, -7) and global level ( same 44%, +4; worse 27%, -6). 22

25 V. The crisis 1. Support for European economic and monetary union with a single currency, the euro: trend A majority of Europeans support European economic and monetary union with a single currency, the euro (51%, -2 percentage points since autumn 2012), and 42% oppose it (+2). 23

26 2. Support for European economic and monetary union with a single currency, the euro: national results and evolutions There is still a large difference in between support within the euro area (62%, -4) and outside it (29%, -1). Support for the euro varies between EU Member States. Three-quarters or more of respondents are in favour of the single currency in Slovakia (77%), Slovenia (77%), Luxembourg (77%), Belgium (76%) and Finland (75%), compared with only a quarter or less of respondents in the Czech Republic (25%), Sweden (19%) and the United Kingdom (15%). Support for the euro increased significantly in Latvia, (+8 percentage points to 43%) and Belgium (+7 points to 76%), and also in Croatia (+9 points at 61%); it fell most notably in Poland (-7 to 29%), France (-7 to 62%), the Netherlands (-7 to 68%) and Spain (-11 to 52%). 24

27 3. Impact of the crisis on jobs: trend The feeling that the impact of the crisis on the job market has already reached its peak has gained significant ground since autumn 2012: more than a third of Europeans now believe this to be the case (36%, +7 percentage points), the highest level since the Standard Eurobarometer survey of spring 2011 (EB75). Although an absolute majority of respondents continue to believe that "the worst is still to come" (55%, -7), this view is now less widespread. 4. Impact of the crisis on jobs: national results and evolutions Opinions as to whether the worst impact of the economic crisis on the job market is still to come differ sharply between countries: in 19 countries, a majority of respondents hold this view, including more than two-thirds in Cyprus (83%), Portugal (75%), Slovenia (73%), Greece (68%) and France (68%). Less than a third do so in Bulgaria (31%). In eight EU Member States, a majority of respondents believe that the impact of the crisis has reached its peak. Public opinion in Slovakia is evenly divided on this question (46% vs. 46%). 25

28 The view that the impact of the crisis has reached its peak has gained ground in no fewer than 24 EU Member States. The most striking evolutions have been observed in Sweden (+18 percentage points, to 42%), Belgium (+17, 38%), and Slovakia (+16, 46%). Respondents outside the euro area are still more likely than those in the euro area to say that the impact of the crisis on the job market has reached its peak (40% and 33%, respectively) but this opinion has gained ground in both groups (both +6 since autumn 2012). 26

29 5. The consequences of the crisis for the European Union European public opinion has changed little regarding the consequences of the crisis for the EU and its citizens: as in autumn 2012, a large majority of Europeans say that EU countries will have to work more closely together (84%, -1 percentage point). More than half of Europeans also believe that the EU will be stronger in the long run as a result of the crisis (53%, stable). The feeling of being closer to the citizens in other European countries as a consequence of the crisis has lost some ground (42%, -2), but a solid majority of Europeans continue to think that the European Union has sufficient power and tools to defend the economic interests of Europe in the global economy (60%, -1 since autumn 2012, and -3 since spring 2012). 6. What is the most effective level at which to tackle the crisis? The hierarchy of the actors best placed to take effective action against the effects of the economic and financial crisis is unchanged since autumn 2012: despite a 1-point decrease, the EU is still seen as the best placed actor (22%, -1), closely followed by the national government (21%, +1). The G20 (13%, -1), the IMF, (13%, unchanged) and the United States (8%, unchanged) continue to be less mentioned. 27

30 7. EU s voice counts in the world: trend While more than two-thirds of Europeans consider that their voice does not count in the EU, the exact same proportion agrees that the EU s voice counts in the world (67%, vs. 27% who disagree with this statement). This opinion is almost unchanged since autumn 2012 (66% agree, vs. 28%). 8. EU s voice counts in the world: national results Citizens are in no doubt as to the European Union s global influence: absolute majorities of respondents agree that EU s voice counts in the world in all Member States. In Denmark (85%), Sweden (82%), Luxembourg (81%), Latvia (79%), Estonia (78%), Finland (77%), and Hungary, the Netherlands and Poland (75% in each country), at least two-third of the population agree with this statement. Although still the majority opinion, this view is less widespread in Portugal (59%), the United Kingdom (58%) and Italy (50%) 28

31 VI. Europe Perceived importance of the Europe 2020 strategy initiatives Absolute majorities of Europeans say that the seven objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy are important. The proportion answering important varies between 80% for to modernise labour markets, with a view to raising employment levels and 50% for to develop the e-economy by strengthening ultra-fast Internet within the EU. Since autumn 2012 (EB78), judgements have remained stable for two of the seven initiatives tested, while small (2-point) decreases have been recorded for the remaining five. Over the longer term, the perceived importance of these initiatives has grown (by between +2 and +4) since the first time this question was asked, in the Standard Eurobarometer survey of spring 2010 (EB73, at the time when the Europe 2020 strategy was launched 7 ). Only to support an economy that uses less natural resources and emits less greenhouse gas has seen no change over this period. More than three-quarters of Europeans consider that it is important to modernise labour markets, with a view to raising employment levels (80%, unchanged since autumn 2012) and to help the poor and socially excluded and enable them to play an active part in society (78%, -2) in order for the European Union to emerge from the present financial and economic crisis and prepare for the next decade. 7 The European Commission launched the Europe 2020 strategy in March 2010 in order to prepare the European economy for the key issues and challenges of the decade. 29

32 More than two-thirds of Europeans think that it is important to support an economy that uses less natural resources and emits less greenhouse gas (73%, -2), to help the EU s industrial base to be more competitive by promoting entrepreneurship and developing new skills (70%, -2) and to enhance the quality and appeal of the EU s higher education system (69%, -2). Despite a 2-point decrease, 61% of Europeans still think it is important to increase support for research and development policies and turn inventions into products. To develop the e-economy by strengthening ultra-fast Internet within the EU is unchanged (50%, =). 30

33 2. The Europe 2020 targets All the Europe 2020 strategy targets are considered about right by majorities of Europeans, in most cases by absolute majorities. As in autumn 2012, the most credible targets are three-quarters of men and women between 20 and 64 years of age should have a job (59%, =) and to increase energy efficiency in the EU by 20% by 2020 (59%, =). They are followed by to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20% by 2020 (57%, =), the share of funds invested in research and development should reach 3% of the wealth produced in the EU each year (56%, -1) and to reduce EU greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 (54%, -1). Around half of Europeans consider that it is reasonable that the number of young people leaving school with no qualifications should fall to 10% (51%, =) and that the number of Europeans living below the poverty line should be reduced by a quarter by 2020 (49%, =). Finally, 47% of Europeans believe that at least 40% of the younger generation should have a degree or a diploma (-1 since autumn 2012). 31

34 3. Overall European citizens continue to consider that the European Union is going in the right direction to emerge from the crisis and face the new world challenges (42%, +1 percentage point since autumn 2012). Conversely, three Europeans in ten think that the EU is going in the wrong direction (30%, -2). One in five replied spontaneously neither the one nor the other (20%, +2) and 8% (-1) say that they don t know. The feeling that the EU is going in the right direction continues to be much more widespread outside the euro area (50%, +1, vs. 26%, -3) than inside it (37%, unchanged, vs. 32%, -1). 32

35 CONCLUSION The results of this Standard Eurobarometer survey conducted in May 2013, during the European Year of Citizens, reveal that a clear majority of Europeans feel that they are citizens of the EU. When it comes to knowing their rights as citizens of the EU, Europeans are divided: more than half are unaware of their rights, but a substantial minority say that they do know of them. A desire to know more about these rights is widespread: close to six EU citizens in ten would like to know more about the subject. However, this proportion has lost ground since spring The free movement of people, good and services within the EU and peace amongst the Member States of the EU continue to be perceived as the most positive results of the EU, far ahead of other benefits. The indicators of support in the EU are generally stable: the image of the EU remains unchanged since autumn 2012, with the proportion of Europeans having a positive image of the EU just ahead the proportion of whom it is negative. Trust in the EU has recorded a slight fall, but it is still higher than the levels recorded for national governments and parliaments. A majority of citizens are optimistic about the future of the European Union. A year ahead of the 2014 European elections, half of Europeans know that MEPs are directly elected by the citizens of the different EU Member States, and nine in ten have heard of the European Parliament, the institution to which they will elect their representatives in May Large majorities of Europeans continue to say that the current economic situation is bad at national, European and global levels. Wide differences exist between EU Member States and the gap between them has tended to widen since autumn In comparison with autumn 2012, expectations for the coming twelve months have improved, especially for the situation of the economy, but also, to a lesser extent, for the personal situation. The most striking improvement is in public perceptions of the impact of the crisis on the job market: the view that this has reached its peak has gained ground sharply, almost approaching the level of spring The euro is supported by an outright majority of Europeans and the European Union continues to be seen as the actor best able to take effective action to tackle the effects of the crisis. The continuing high degree of importance ascribed by the public to the Europe 2020 strategy objectives suggests that citizens are of one mind with the EU when it comes to the actions put in place to exit the crisis; further, a relative majority of Europeans think that the EU is going in the right direction to emerge from the crisis and face the new challenges. 33

36 STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 79 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EU SPRING 2013 STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 79 Public opinion in the European Union TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Between the 10 th and 26 th of May 2013 TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between TNS plc and TNS opinion, carried out the wave 79.3 of the EUROBAROMETER survey, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Communication, Research and Speechwriting. The wave 79.3 is the STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 79 survey and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 79 survey has also been conducted in the six candidate countries (Croatia, Turkey, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro and Serbia) and in the Turkish Cypriot Community. In these countries, the survey covers the national population of citizens and the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States that are residents in these countries and have a sufficient command of the national languages to answer the questionnaire. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available. For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed below. TS1

37 STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 79 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EU SPRING 2013 Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits: Statistical Margins due to the sampling process (at the 95% level of confidence) various sample sizes are in rows various observed results are in columns 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% N=50 6,0 8,3 9,9 11,1 12,0 12,7 13,2 13,6 13,8 13,9 N=50 N=500 1,9 2,6 3,1 3,5 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,4 N=500 N=1000 1,4 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,7 2,8 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 N=1000 N=1500 1,1 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 N=1500 N=2000 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 N=2000 N=3000 0,8 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,8 N=3000 N=4000 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 N=4000 N=5000 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 N=5000 N=6000 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 N=6000 N=7000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 N=7000 N=7500 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=7500 N=8000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=8000 N=9000 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=9000 N= ,4 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=10000 N= ,4 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=11000 N= ,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=12000 N= ,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 N=13000 N= ,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=14000 N= ,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N= % 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% TS2

38 STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 79 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EU SPRING 2013 ABBR. COUNTRIES INSTITUTES N INTERVIEWS FIELDWORK DATES POPULATION 15+ BE Belgium TNS Dimarso /05/ /05/ BG Bulgaria TNS BBSS /05/ /05/ CZ Czech Rep. TNS Aisa /05/ /05/ DK Denmark TNS Gallup DK /05/ /05/ DE Germany TNS Infratest /05/ /05/ EE Estonia Emor /05/ /05/ IE Ireland IMS Millward Brown /05/ /05/ EL Greece TNS ICAP /05/ /05/ ES Spain TNS Demoscopia /05/ /05/ FR France TNS Sofres /05/ /05/ IT Italy TNS Italia /05/ /05/ CY Rep. of Cyprus Synovate /05/ /05/ LV Latvia TNS Latvia /05/ /05/ LT Lithuania TNS LT /05/ /05/ LU Luxembourg TNS ILReS /05/ /05/ HU Hungary TNS Hoffmann Kft /05/ /05/ MT Malta MISCO /05/ /05/ NL Netherlands TNS NIPO /05/ /05/ AT Austria Österreichisches Gallup-Institut /05/ /05/ PL Poland TNS OBOP /05/ /05/ PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE /05/ /05/ RO Romania TNS CSOP /05/ /05/ SI Slovenia RM PLUS /05/ /05/ SK Slovakia TNS Slovakia /05/ /05/ FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy /05/ /05/ SE Sweden TNS GALLUP /05/ /05/ UK United Kingdom TNS UK /05/ /05/ TOTAL EU /05/ /05/ CY(tcc) Turkish Cypriot Community Kadem /05/ /05/ HR Croatia Puls /05/ /05/ TR Turkey TNS PIAR /05/ /05/ MK Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia TNS Brima /05/ /05/ IS Iceland Capacent /05/ /05/ ME Montenegro TNS Medium Gallup /05/ /05/ RS Serbia TNS Medium Gallup /05/ /05/ TOTAL /05/ /05/ TS3