Haiti UN/ Logan Abassi. September 2008

Transcription

1 DONOR PROPOSAL FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY September 2008 Haiti UN/ Logan Abassi 1

2 Introduction The 21 st century has already been marked by escalating economic losses and human devastation caused by natural disasters. Annual figures from globally average out at 400 disasters per year in 120 countries affecting 230 million people and causing an annual average of $80 billion in economic losses. 1 Disasters exact an enormous toll not only on lives, but also on livelihoods, homes, basic social services and community infrastructure. These losses materially affect the prospects of disaster-prone countries for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Globally, the people farthest down on the economic ladder live disproportionately in the most drought prone areas. 2 UNDP's 2007/2008 Human Development Report, Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, reported that the overwhelming majority of people affected by climate-related disasters live in developing countries. 3 UNDP's 2004 report, Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development, documented that disasterrelated deaths occur disproportionately in low and medium human development countries. Investing in disaster reduction as part of development protects the achievement of the MDGs. Disaster reduction efforts not only minimize losses but also encourage development and promote achievement of MDG targets. Disaster reduction promotes better health and education by protecting important infrastructure such as schools and hospitals; it promotes poverty reduction by protecting economic activities and assets; and it promotes gender equality by empowering women through disaster reduction and recovery initiatives. Disaster risks, therefore, need to be effectively managed as an integral part of development. This entails understanding and identifying the risk factors that cause disasters. High-risk countries need the capacity to put in place effective measures to reduce their exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards, through early warning systems, appropriate building codes and disaster sensitive local development plans. Without such measures, the rush for growth can trigger haphazard urban development that increases the risk of large-scale fatalities during an earthquake. Trends such as increasing human settlement and investment in high-risk coastal areas are placing greater numbers of people and economic assets in danger of being affected by cyclones, storm surges and flooding, especially given the prospect of climate change. The rising number of disasters, with their disproportionate impact on the poor and negative impact on sustainable development and achievement of the MDGs, makes reducing disaster risks and particularly climate-related risks essential. Disaster risk reduction is a cross-cutting issue that requires political commitment, public understanding, scientific knowledge and responsible development planning and practice. 1 Source: EM-DAT, the OFDA/CRED emergency events database maintained by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2 Source: CIESIN, Columbia University 3 Between 2000 and 2004, on average 1 in 19 people living in a developing country was affected by a disaster. The corresponding figure for those living in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was 1 in 1,500. 2

3 UNDP s role in disaster reduction and recovery What we do Disaster risk management UNDP has been active in disaster reduction for over a decade 4. More recently, the importance of disaster management was highlighted at the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan, where 168 governments adopted the Hyogo Framework for Action. UNDP plays an important role within the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) system and works towards implementing the five priority areas of the Hyogo Framework: (1) ensuring that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation; (2) identifying, assessing and monitoring disaster risks and enhancing early warning; (3) using knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience; (4) reducing the underlying risk factors; and (5) strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response. UNDP s efforts focus on the national and sub-national levels, where it supports governments in implementing disaster risk reduction activities. In disaster-prone countries UNDP assists in strengthening capacity to manage the risks before and after disasters. In India UNDP supports communities in over 150 disaster prone districts to develop and implement disaster risk management plans. In Malawi UNDP is assisting the government to elaborate a national disaster risk reduction strategy and integrate disaster reduction into government policies and programmes to improve management of climate-related risks. In Jordan, UNDP is assisting the earthquake prone cities of Amman and Aqaba to improve management of urban risks. In countries that have experienced a disaster, UNDP assists in implementing risk reduction measures in the immediate aftermath. In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, UNDP worked with Bangladesh, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and other affected countries to develop systems to assess disaster risks and improve early warning systems in hopes of reducing future disaster losses. Disaster recovery UNDP also assists countries to recover more quickly after disasters. Early recovery addresses a critical gap in coverage between humanitarian relief and long-term recovery, reducing reliance on externallyprovided disaster relief and promoting human development. While working within a humanitarian setting, early recovery focuses on the future assessing damages to infrastructure, property, livelihoods, and societies. Its goal is to enable a smoother transition to long-term recovery to restore livelihoods, government capacities, shelter and offer hope to those who survived the crisis. UNDP s work in early recovery post-natural disasters includes: provision of transitional housing in collaboration with UN-HABITAT, support to the resumption of economic activity and disaster risk reduction following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and 2005 earthquake in Pakistan; technical advice to national and local authorities after the 2007 earthquake in Peru; and flood control efforts and rehabilitation of water reservoirs in Somalia. 4 In January 1998 the United Nations General Assembly decided to, transfer to the United Nations Development Programme the responsibilities of the Emergency Relief Coordinator for operational activities for natural disaster mitigation, prevention and preparedness * +. (A/RES/52/12B, para 16) 3

4 In 2006, UNDP launched the immediate crisis response initiative to strengthen its ability to support its own country offices during crises. This initiative enhances UNDP country offices capacity to assist countries to respond quickly and effectively in the recovery phase following a conflict or natural disaster. Immediate crisis response advisors have been deployed in several crisis situations: to Myanmar following Cyclone Nargis in May 2008; to Bangladesh in 2007 following cyclone Sidr; to Liberia in 2007 after a string of natural disasters; and to the Solomon Islands in 2007 following a tsunami. Major UNDP-supported disaster recovery projects also include Indonesia, where the impact of the 2004 tsunami was exacerbated by the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake. As a follow-up to early recovery efforts, in 2008, UNDP helped the government initiate a large longer-term recovery programme to strengthen its disaster risk management capacity. Building on the response provided to cyclone Favio, which struck Mozambique in 2007, UNDP supports the government with risk identification and climate risk management. How we do it On the ground before, during and after disasters UNDP s presence on the ground before, during and after disasters has strengthened national efforts to reduce disaster risks and respond to them. The evidence suggests that it works: In the Maldives, UNDP s support after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami led to the development of a framework for natural disaster risk reduction, the establishment of a National Disaster Management Center, and strengthening of the early warning system all of which resulted in a more efficient response to coastal flooding in the country in May In 1991 a cyclone hit Bangladesh, resulting in more than 140,000 deaths. The government, the United Nations and its partners subsequently put in place effective early warning and preparedness measures. When a cyclone of similar force struck in 2007, 3,400 lives were lost, a far smaller number. Working at national, regional and global levels Over the past decade, UNDP has worked with national governments in high-risk countries, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan and Viet Nam. In such countries, UNDP establishes working relationships with relevant government counterparts and has dedicated staff to anchor disaster risk reduction activities. Currently, in 13 high disaster risk countries UNDP has created posts for full-time National Disaster Reduction Advisers who provide technical advice and support to national governments. 5 In each region, UNDP has a Senior Regional Disaster Reduction Adviser who provides coherence to UNDP s programme portfolio in the region, promotes information sharing between countries and offers technical advice to National Disaster Reduction Advisers. These regional advisors identify relevant regional institutions that can serve as partners in providing technical assistance to nationally-executed country programmes. At global level, through the Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR), UNDP provides services to high-risk countries such as policy guidance, advocacy, technical assistance, global knowledge sharing and partnership building with other global actors. 5 Armenia, Barbados, Ecuador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Syria. 4

5 Addressing the links between climate change, urban development and disaster UNDP s comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction and recovery addresses issues such as climate change and urbanization. The need to reduce exposure and vulnerability to climate-related hazards such as drought, floods and cyclones is growing increasingly urgent. Over the 20th century, globally, disasters involving climatic hazards were seven times as frequent as those involving geophysical hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and accounted for nine times as many deaths. The economic losses from climatically-triggered disasters were three times higher than those from disasters triggered by geo-physical hazards and the number of people affected 55 times greater. Climate change is expected to have far-reaching impacts, including in many already disaster-prone areas. The melting of Himalayan glaciers, for example, is occurring faster than in any other part of the world. Half a billion people in the Himalaya-Hindu-Kush region and a quarter billion downstream who rely on glacial melt waters could be seriously affected. To improve management of climate-related risks UNDP's Bureau for Development Policy and BCPR have teamed up through a joint initiative designed to assist countries to better manage risks associated with both climate variability and change. The joint initiative unifies the efforts of over 35 staff working full time on disaster risk management and climate change adaptation globally. By including external technical partners, this combined effort is expected to substantially enhance UNDP's capacity to assist at-risk countries. It will add to and enhance existing programmes. For example, UNDP s Caribbean Risk Management Initiative already assists small-island developing states in assessing how climate variability and change affect economic development. In Bangladesh, UNDP works across ministries to identify where early warning systems in coastal areas need strengthening in light of potentially increased risks of storm surges and coastal flooding. UNDP has stressed urban disaster risk reduction as an important area of engagement and has undertaken a series of activities to ensure that disaster risk reduction issues are incorporated into urban development processes at the global, regional and local level. In 2007, UNDP established the Global Forum for Urban Risk Reduction, which was endorsed by a wide range of stakeholders as part of the June 2007 ISDR Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction meeting. UNDP also works with global organizations such as the European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office and the ProVention Consortium on issues related to urban risk management. For example, in Latin America, UNDP has worked with the European Commission to implement a regional urban risk management project in the capitals of Andean countries. Ensuring practical, positive outcomes for women and girls in crisis In times of crisis, it is often marginalized populations, such as women and children, who suffer most. In some countries, gender differences and socio-economic inequalities make women particularly vulnerable to natural hazards. Women can also be at greater risk of violence and inequity during recovery from natural disasters. Some natural disasters, such as droughts, can place an undue burden on women who are responsible for providing water and food for households. It is critical to address women s issues in both disaster risk reduction and recovery, as disasters do not affect men, women and children equally. A 2006 study by the Center for Research in the Epidemiology of Disasters found that women's mortality was higher following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami due to 5

6 the fact that many of them were unable to swim 6. Surviving women and girls are often responsible for caring for extended family members. At the same time, women are often more likely than men to participate actively in community actions to reduce risk. A strong focus on gender equality is an important part of all UNDP programming. Empowering women and girls, and facilitating their participation in the development process, including efforts to reduce disaster risk, is a key priority. In 2007, UNDP launched an Eight Point Agenda for Women s Empowerment and Gender Equality in Crisis Prevention and Recovery. The action plan offers a comprehensive approach to address the needs of women and girls in crisis and gives them a voice in the recovery process. Five of the eight points are relevant to disaster risk reduction and recovery contexts: Strengthen women s security in crisis: Stop violence against women; Expand women s citizenship, participation and leadership: Advance women as decision-makers; Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction: Help women and men build back better; Ensure gender-responsive recovery: Promote women as leaders of recovery; and Develop capacities for social change: Work together to transform society. Areas of Support for This section provides a summary of the priorities of the Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery in disaster risk reduction and recovery for , followed by a description of programmes and activities and a funding request. Country level support All country level activities are determined by the national context, including levels of disaster risk and vulnerability. More generally, UNDP s engagement at the country level can be classified in two categories. The first category refers to countries where UNDP is working with national governments to establish disaster reduction as a national priority and strengthen basic institutional structures for disaster preparedness. In these countries, UNDP supports the government in ensuring a solid institutional and legal basis for disaster risk reduction and strengthens key government institutions, including for disaster recovery. Priority countries in this category for are: Africa: Angola, Burundi, Kenya, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zambia Arab States: Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People, Somalia, Sudan Asia and the Pacific: Afghanistan, Bhutan, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean: Haiti 6 See Risk Factors for Mortality and Injury: Post-Tsunami Epidemiological Findings from Tamil Nadu, April 2006, page 39 available at: 6

7 UNDP also works with a second category of countries that have already established disaster risk reduction mechanisms. These countries are strengthening their efforts by incorporating disaster risk reduction in key development sectors at all administrative levels. Priority countries for are: Africa: Comoros, Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Namibia, Tanzania Arab States: Algeria, Jordan, Syria, Yemen Asia and the Pacific: Bangladesh, Iran, Maldives, Sri Lanka Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan Latin America and the Caribbean: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay Regional programme and technical support UNDP's work at the regional level is oriented towards strategy and programme formulation, technical assistance to high-risk countries through partnerships with relevant regional organizations, regional knowledge sharing and documentation of results. This entails capturing good practices within country programmes and better systematizing them by fostering mutual support among country offices. Maintaining and strengthening the network of UNDP Regional Disaster Reduction Advisors is key. These Regional Advisors provide expert guidance to National Disaster Reduction Advisors based in countries in their respective regions. By the end of 2009 UNDP is committed to having at least one Regional Advisor in each UNDP regional center (Bangkok, Panama, Johannesburg, Dakar and Cairo) and to double the number of National Advisors from the current level of 13. Global practice support At global level UNDP manages a set of thematic programmes designed to accumulate best practices from country and regional work and to provide expert support to high-risk regions and countries. Priority areas for are described below: Climate risk management: BCPR and the Bureau for Development Policy are jointly rolling out a four-year programme ( ) to substantially increase UNDP s commitment to climate risk management an endeavor that will require additional capacity and technical and financial resources. This programme aims to reduce climate related risks in approximately 35 high-risk countries through an integrated approach to climate risk management. The funding request for climate risk management indicated on page 11 of this proposal represents BCPR s contribution to the joint programme. Gender equality 7 : In 2008, BCPR recruited a gender and disaster adviser based in Geneva. Through a comprehensive programme, this adviser provides technical assistance to UNDP country offices and national actors on how to integrate gender equality in disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes. In addition, UNDP is working on the following two initiatives: o Promoting gender equality in disaster risk reduction and disaster response planning in high-risk countries in Central America, the Caribbean, South East Asia and the Pacific. 7 For more information on UNDP s donor proposal on Women and Girls in Crisis, see 7

8 This includes: 1) identifying opportunities to address gender equality in UNDP programmes; 2) developing guidance for UNDP country offices, UN Country Teams and partners on how to include gender equality in planning and programming; 3) providing technical and financial support to at least 12 UNDP programme countries to analyze their current disaster-related programmes from a gender perspective; and 4) building a global network of experts on gender and disaster risk reduction to service high-risk countries. o Collecting gender data and improving the ability of crisis-prone countries to address gender issues in recovery settings. This includes: 1) identifying existing gender data; 2) analyzing existing methods of data collection; 3) identifying core data needs; 4) supporting the development of gender data in crisis countries; 5) developing gendersensitive post-disaster needs assessments and testing them in crisis countries; and 6) making gender data accessible to UNDP country offices, UN Country Teams and other partners and training them to use this data. Urban risk management: BCPR's urban risk management programme area will provide technical support to country and regional initiatives through partnerships including with the European Community Humanitarian Office, the Earthquake and Megacities Initiative, the ISDR Secretariat, the International Institute for Environment and Development, UN-HABITAT, and the ProVention Consortium. UNDP will continue to be actively engaged in the Global Forum for Urban Risk Reduction and will work with partners to integrate disaster risk reduction in urban planning in high-risk cities. Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development: Through the Global Mainstreaming Initiative initiated in 2005, UNDP will continue to help governments incorporate disaster risk reduction in national development plans and programmes. The following activities are planned for : 1) integration of disaster risk reduction into national and sectoral development policies and UN agency programmes; 2) development of tools and training packages for practitioners; 3) systematization and dissemination of good practices; 4) partnership building and advocacy; and 5) establishment of linkages to regional institutions and programmes. Risk identification: UNDP helps national partners in high-risk countries identify the factors that cause natural disasters through its Global Risk Identification Programme (GRIP). One major GRIP product, led by the ISDR Secretariat and UNDP with other partners, will be a Global Risk Update report scheduled to be published in June The GRIP will also work to establish new national disaster loss data observatories and support the mapping of risks in at least 15 high-risk countries every year. Disaster recovery: As a major contributor to the International Recovery Platform (IRP), UNDP will roll-out the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) methodology developed in collaboration with the World Bank, the European Commission and UN agency partners. In addition, UNDP is working with the International Labor Organization and the World Bank to develop a methodology for pre-disaster recovery planning that will enable governments in highrisk countries to anticipate losses in future disasters and have appropriate financial, institutional and technical resources in place for a faster and more effective recovery. Capacity development: UNDP, in collaboration with the ISDR Secretariat and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), will train UN staff, government counterparts and civil society in disaster reduction and recovery in at least four high-risk countries per year through the Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (CADRI). It will develop short and practical guidance for national practitioners on: 1) how to create an enabling and inclusive environment for disaster risk reduction; 2) how to integrate disaster risk reduction into national preparedness; and 3) how to integrate capacity development measures into disaster risk reduction initiatives. 8

9 Partnerships In its effort to achieve a substantial reduction in disaster losses UNDP works with a wide array of partners. These include but are not limited to: National governments National governments are UNDP s most important partners. UNDP supports national governments in achieving their development goals. The majority of the disaster reduction and recovery programmes supported by UNDP are executed by national institutions. Regional organizations UNDP works with regional organizations on a number of activities including: the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre on tracking global natural hazard losses; the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Secretariat on a regional programme for earthquake risk reduction and recovery in South Asia; and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre on managing climate related risks. UNDP will be seeking to strengthen relationships with other regional institutions working in the area of climate risk management, including the Climate Prediction and Applications Center of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development in Kenya, the AGRHYMET regional center in Niamey, the Drought Monitoring Center of the Southern African Development Community, the All-India Disaster Management Institute and the Central American Center for Research on Hydrology and Water Resources. Global organizations UNDP works with a wide range of international organizations to address disaster risk reduction and recovery issues. As a major member of the ISDR system, UNDP leads ISDR thematic platforms such as the GRIP, IRP and CADRI. Other partnerships include: the United Nations Development Operations Coordination Office (DOCO), Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), OCHA, Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, UK Department for International Development (DFID), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Australia, Norway, Sweden, Spain, Cabinet Office, and Government of Japan to help countries improve their ability to reduce disaster risks. UNDP also partners with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) on integrating disaster risk reduction into development plans and programmes; the International Labor Organization and the World Bank on recovery planning; and UN-HABITAT on post-disaster recovery activities. UNDP also partners with the Red Cross Movement and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Non-governmental and civil society organizations In addition, UNDP works with a variety of non-governmental and civil society organizations. These include: Columbia University s Center for Hazard and Risk Research, Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit s (GTZ), the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters and Munich Reinsurance Foundation on disaster risk identification; the Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative, the International Institute for Environment and Development and ProVention Consortium on urban risk management. 9

10 SUMMARY OF REQUESTED FUNDING FOR TWO YEARS (USD) UNDP s GOAL 8 : Strengthened national capacities, including through the participation of women, to prevent and cope with the impact of natural disasters, and reduce future vulnerabilities Country Support Year One: Year Two: Total: National disaster reduction strategy and programme formulation, institutional and legislative systems, capacity development, risk identification and reduction, pre-disaster recovery planning, disaster recovery 28 high-risk countries where UNDP is working with national governments to establish disaster reduction as a national priority and strengthen basic institutional structures for disaster preparedness average USD 200,000 per year per country 5,600,000 5,600,000 11,200, countries with ongoing UNDP engagement where support for disaster risk reduction needs to be scaled up to identify, assess and monitor disaster risks, build a culture of resilience at all levels of society and reduce the underlying risk factors average USD 300,000 per year per country 9,900,000 9,900,000 19,800,000 TOTAL COUNTRY SUPPORT 15,500,000 15,500,000 31,000,000 Regional support to countries Regional disaster reduction strategy and programme formulation, technical assistance to high risk countries through partnerships with relevant regional organizations, regional knowledge sharing Africa 500, ,000 1,000,000 Arab States 300, , ,000 8 This goal is reflected in the UNDP Strategic Plan , under Goal 3, Outcomes 2 and 5. 10

11 Asia and the Pacific 9 750, ,000 1,500,000 Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 300, , ,000 Latin America and the Caribbean 750, ,000 1,500,000 TOTAL REGIONAL SUPPORT 2,600,000 2,600,000 5,200,000 Global practice support Disaster reduction policy guidance, advocacy, technical assistance, global knowledge sharing and partnership building with other global actors Capacity development 500, ,000 1,000,000 Climate risk management , ,000 Disaster recovery 500, ,000 1,250,000 Gender equality 300, , ,000 Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development 500, ,000 1,000,000 Risk identification 1,000,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 Urban risk management 300, , ,000 Programme and policy coordination 2,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 TOTAL GLOBAL SUPPORT 5,100,000 6,200,000 11,300,000 GRAND TOTAL COUNTRY, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL 23,200,000 24,300,000 47,500,000 9 Four-year programme: Funding needs for years 3 and 4 total USD 1,500, This funding request represents BCPR s contribution to the joint global initiative with the Bureau for Development Policy on disaster risk management and climate change adaptation. For more information, see "How we do it," above. 11

12 PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION COUNTRY PROGRAMME SUPPORT CATEGORY 1: Building basic capacity for disaster reduction and recovery (28 countries). This category corresponds to Hyogo Framework priorities (1) ensuring that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation, and (5) strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response. Target countries: Africa: Angola, Burundi, Kenya, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zambia Arab States: Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People, Somalia, Sudan Asia and the Pacific: Afghanistan, Bhutan, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean: Haiti Activities: Establish disaster reduction as a national priority and strengthen basic institutional structures for disaster reduction, preparedness and response. UN Country Teams, national and local governments, partners of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Proposed budget (USD): 200,000 per year per country total needed 11,200,000 Funding gap (USD): 11,200,000 Progress indicators: Strengthened or developed institutional capacities and frameworks for disaster reduction reflecting the core principles of good governance and the Hyogo Framework for Action; and increased participation of women and vulnerable populations in disaster risk reduction processes at the national and local levels. 12

13 CATEGORY 2: Building comprehensive disaster reduction and response capacity (33 countries). This category spans all five Hyogo Framework priorities: (1) ensuring that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation; (2) identifying, assessing and monitoring disaster risks and enhancing early warning; (3) using knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience; (4) reducing the underlying risk factors; and (5) strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response. Target countries: Africa: Comoros, Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Namibia, Tanzania Arab States: Algeria, Jordan, Syria, Yemen Asia and the Pacific: Bangladesh, Iran, Maldives, Sri Lanka Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan Latin America and the Caribbean: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay Activities: Scale up disaster reduction and preparedness; develop capacity to identify, assess and monitor disaster risks; build a culture of resilience at all levels of society; and reduce underlying risk factors. UN Country Teams, national and local governments, partners of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Proposed budget (USD): 300,000 per year per country total needed 19,800,000 Funding gap in (USD): 19,800,000 Progress indicators: Ongoing disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes enhanced to incorporate solutions for specific identified risks (including risks faced by women, climate-related risks and urban risks). 13

14 REGIONAL LEVEL TECHNICAL AND PROGRAMME SUPPORT UNDP's regional disaster reduction support programmes are at different stages in their evolution. Funding for these programmes is designed to start, strengthen or expand regional work: Start-up Arab States, Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States; Strengthen Africa; and Expand Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Africa Target countries: Angola, Burundi, Comoros, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zambia Activities: Provide technical assistance to countries and UNDP country offices; Build regional disaster reduction community of practice; Establish regional institutional partnerships; and Initiate regional technical assistance support programmes. UN Country Teams, national governments, UN regional programmes and staff, regional member state organizations and regional technical institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 500,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 1,000,000 Progress indicators: Arab States Disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes initiated and/or enhanced; community of practice established; regional partnerships and programmes initiated; and disaster recovery operations supported. Target countries: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen Activities: Provide technical assistance to countries and UNDP country offices; Build regional disaster reduction community of practice; and Establish regional institutional partnerships. UN Country Teams, national governments, UN regional programmes and staff, regional member state organizations and regional technical institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 300,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 600,000 Progress indicators: Asia and the Pacific Disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes initiated and/or enhanced; community of practice established; regional partnerships and programmes initiated; and disaster recovery operations supported. Target countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, East Timor, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Maldives Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Sri Lanka Activities: Provide technical assistance to countries and UNDP country offices; Build regional disaster reduction community of practice; 14

15 Establish regional institutional partnerships; and Expand regional technical assistance support programmes. UN Country Teams, national governments, UN regional programmes and staff, regional member state organizations and regional technical institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 750,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 1,500,000 Progress indicators: Disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes enhanced, community of practice maintained and enhanced; regional partnerships and programmes expanded; and disaster recovery operations supported. Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States Target countries: Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan Activities: Provide technical assistance to countries and UNDP country offices; Build regional disaster reduction community of practice; and Establish regional institutional partnerships. UN Country Teams, national governments, UN regional programmes and staff, regional member state organizations and regional technical institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 300,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 600,000 Progress indicators: Disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes initiated and/or enhanced; community of practice established; and disaster recovery operations supported. Latin America and the Caribbean Target countries: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay Activities: Provide technical assistance to countries and UNDP country offices; Build regional disaster reduction community of practice; Establish regional institutional partnerships; and Expand regional technical assistance support programmes. UN Country Teams, national governments, UN regional programmes and staff, regional member state organizations and regional technical institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 750,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 1,500,000 Progress indicators: Disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes initiated and/or enhanced; community of practice established; regional partnerships and programmes initiated; and disaster recovery operations supported. 15

16 GLOBAL PRACTICE SUPPORT Capacity Development Programme: Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (ISDR thematic programme) Activities: Build disaster reduction and recovery capacity in UN Country Teams; Assess and develop disaster reduction and recovery capacity in regional and national institutions; Develop tools and training packages; Capture, systematize and disseminate good practices; and Establish linkages to regional institutions and programmes. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ISDR Secretariat, UN Country Teams, Resident and Humanitarian Coordinators, among others. Proposed budget (USD): 500,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 1,000,000 Progress indicators: Use of tools and training packages by UN Country Teams; at least four highrisk countries integrating disaster risk reduction in their programmes per year; and UN inter-agency information repository of knowledge established. Climate Risk Management Programme: Climate Risk Management (joint initiative with UNDP's Bureau for Development Policy, Energy and Environment Group) Activities: Build capacity of UNDP at the global, regional and national levels; Support analyses to assist countries to prioritize climate risk management measures; Integrate climate risk management into UN and country development policies and programmes; Develop tools and guidelines for practitioners; Capture, systematize and disseminate good practices; Partnership building and advocacy; and Establish linkages to regional institutions and programmes. World Meteorological Organization, World Food Programme, UN Country Teams, national government institutions, universities and research centers and regional institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 850,000 (year two) Funding gap (USD): 850,000 Progress indicators: Climate change risks integrated into UN country programming and national development priorities; climate risk management demonstrated through UNDP programmes in high-risk countries. 16

17 Disaster Recovery Programme: International Recovery Platform (ISDR thematic platform) Activities: Roll-out of post-disaster needs assessment methodology; Development of pre-disaster recovery planning methodology for implementation in high-risk countries; Targeted recovery assistance to post-disaster countries; Develop tools and training packages; Capture, systematize and disseminate good practices; Establish guidelines and standards; Partnership building and advocacy; and Establish linkages to regional institutions and programmes. World Bank, European Union, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Labor Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, World Food Programme, UN-Habitat, ISDR Secretariat, and Asian Disaster Reduction Center. Proposed budget (USD): 500,000 year 1, 750,000 year 2 Funding gap (USD): 1,250,000 Progress indicators: Post-disaster needs assessments undertaken following disasters; and predisaster recovery capacity assessed and enhanced in high-risk countries. Gender equality Programme: Strengthening gender equality in UNDP-supported disaster reduction and recovery programmes Activities: Provide technical assistance to UNDP country offices to incorporate gender equality into disaster risk reduction and recovery programmes; Create institutional partnerships for strengthening the role of women and girls in disaster reduction and recovery; and Identify entry points for enhancing gender aspects of UNDP global and regional disaster reduction programmes. Regional and national gender networks and academic institutions, UN Country Teams. Proposed budget (USD): 300,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 600,000 Progress indicators: 15 percent of the budget of each disaster risk reduction and recovery programme supported by the UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery is dedicated to gender-specific activities. 17

18 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Development Programme: Global Mainstreaming Initiative Activities: Integrate disaster risk reduction into UN plans and programmes, national and sectoral development policies and UN organizations programmes; Develop tools and training packages; Capture, systematize and disseminate good practices; Partnership building and advocacy; and Establish linkages to regional institutions and programmes. UN Country Teams, United Nations Development Group, national and local governments. Proposed budget (USD): 500,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 1,000,000 Progress indicators: UN programmes and national development strategies and policies in highrisk countries include disaster risk reduction; knowledge products and guidelines developed and disseminated. Risk Identification Programme: Global Risk Identification Programme (ISDR thematic programme) Activities: Produce a Global Risk Update report; Establish and/or strengthen national disaster loss data observatories; Support the creation of national risk mapping; Provide technical assistance for risk and loss assessments in high-risk countries; Develop tools and training packages; Capture, systematize and disseminate good practices; Partnership building and advocacy; and Establish linkages to regional institutions and programmes. ISDR Secretariat, World Meteorological Organization, UN-Habitat, United Nations Environment Programme, Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, La Red, Munich Reinsurance, Columbia University, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, ProVention Consortium, the World Bank, national governments and regional institutions, including the Asian Disaster Reduction Center. Proposed budget (USD): 1,000,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 2,000,000 Progress indicators: Global Risk Update report produced; disaster loss data observatories established in at least 15 high-risk countries per year; on-line risk assessment examples and resources available; risk mapping developed in at least 15 high-risk countries per year; and tools and guidance available online. Urban Risk Management 18

19 Programme Area: Urban Risk Management Activities: Continue active engagement in the Global Forum for Urban Risk Reduction; Create and strengthen regional networks; Mainstream disaster risk reduction in urban planning and management processes in high-risk cities; Develop tools and training packages; Capture, systematize and disseminate good practices; and Partnership building and advocacy. International Institute for Environment and Development, Provention Consortium, Earthquake and Megacities initiative, ISDR Secretariat, UN- Habitat, and regional institutions. Proposed budget (USD): 300,000 per year Funding gap (USD): 600,000 Progress indicators: UNDP programmes include urban risk management components in high-risk cities; and tools and guidance available on line. 19