Immigration & Urbanization NEW IMMIGRATION. New Immigrants 10/2/11. Does this mentality still reign true with today s immigrants? Why?

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1 Immigration & Urbanization NEW IMMIGRATION Does this mentality still reign true with today s immigrants? Why?! An immigrant was quoted as saying; All of a sudden, we heard a big commotion and we came to America and everybody started yelling they see the Statue of Liberty I remember my father putting his arms around my mother and the two of them standing and crying and my father said to my mother, you re in America now. You have nothing to be afraid of. New Immigrants! Early 1800s = Irish, British, Scottish. Catholic, Protestant! Late 1800s = Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Czech, Chinese, Arabs, Japanese... Catholic, Jewish, Greek Orthodox 1

2 Communities & Religion! Industrial cities in northeast and midwest were destinations for immigrants What forms of help did immigrants receive?! Churches, Synagogues, temples, etc gave immigrants a sense of identity & belonging! Offered day care, social clubs, reading rooms, sewing classes, education/training courses! Benevolent Societies = Religious & nonreligious AID organizations to help sick, unemployed, dying immigrants Culture Clashes! Older immigrants held onto old country languages & traditions young vs. old! Younger immigrants adopted American traditions & English! One day [the old country lifestyle] will pass and then there will remain only Americans whose forebears had once been Poles. Immigrant Worker! Immigrants did America s dirty work! Construction, mining, sweatshops (factories)! Long hours, low wages, poor conditions! Best paid immigrants had little more than the minimum to support a family 2

3 What is nativism? What groups/laws formed? Nativism! Nativists = white born Americans who feared people different from themselves (Do they still exist??)! Nativists Blamed immigrants for crime, poverty, violence, radical political views! Workingmen s Party of California: The Chinese MUST go!!! Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): Denied citizenship to people born in China & prohibited immigration of Chinese laborers Immigration Restriction League What is nativism? What groups/ laws formed?! Founded in 1894! Wanted to impose literacy test on all immigrants! Pres. Grover Cleveland vetoed the bill! illiberal, narrow, and un-american Slum Housing for Immigrants Living conditions? 3

4 Factory Life working conditions? Nativism Nativist views? Nativism? 4

5 Summary! Describe different reactions to immigrants in America?! From immigrants in America? URBAN WORLD Changing Cities 3 new improvements! Skyscrapers: Built to house growing populations! Mass transit: allowed for massive public transportation within cities (as well as to suburbs)! Suburbs: residential neighborhoods just outside city 5

6 Electric Streetcars Population Growth why did population growth explode between 1850 & 1900?! Between 1865 and 1900 the % of Americans living in cities went from 20% to 40% Growth of Cities why did population growth explode between 1850 & 1900? 6

7 NYC in 1900 Edgewater Trolly early 1900s (20 mins north of UC) Edgewater Factories 7

8 Upper Class! Newly Rich lived in urban upper class areas! Newly Rich = Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt Why called Newly Rich? How did they live?! Made $$ in new industries (steel, oil, mining,etc)! Massive fortunes earned quickly! Conspicuous Consumption: The Newly Rich spent $$ freely so that everyone knew how successful they were! Many Newly Rich imitated social behavior & etiquette of British Victorian culture Newly Rich Newly Rich 8

9 Middle Class Who was in the M.C.? Impact on women?! Increase in industry = increase in middle class city dwellers! doctors, lawyers, teachers, small business owners, accountants, clerks, engineers, managers, salesmen! Middle Class Women:! Began to work as secretaries, typists! By 1910, 35% of clerical workers were women! running water, ready made clothes, servants limited women s household work The Poor! Housing shortage led to creation of Tenements (slum housing) Where did The Poor live?! 43,000 Tenements housed 1.6 million poor New Yorkers! African Americans had worst jobs & living conditions (payed the most for tenements)! Preferred living in North than living in South Living conditions? 9

10 Living conditions? Living conditions? Living conditions? 10

11 Reform Movements! Settlement Houses:! Hull House created by Jane Addams! Provide educational & cultural opportunities for poor How did these groups help the poor?! Improve living conditions in neighborhoods! Social Gospel Movement:! Protestant ministers fight against poverty! Apply Christian principles to address social problems <-- Church s moral duty! Provide classes, counseling, job training, etc Summary! How did Cities change during the late 1800s?! What reform movements formed & why? DAILY LIVES IN CITIES 11

12 Education! Expansion of public schools due to urban growth Why did public schools expand? Compulsory Edu Laws? Education =??! Compulsory Education Laws: laws requiring parents to send children to school! 1870 = 7 million public school students = 15 million! 1870 = $63 million for Public Education = $215 million! Education = Chance at Upward Mobility Education Who was John Dewey?! John Dewey = Education reformer/ philosopher! Learning by doing! Emphasized Art, History, Science Education! Public education for immigrants How did public education help immigrants?! Instruct on proper behavior, civic loyalty & American cultural values! Would help cities avoid social (ethnic/ racial) upheaval! Instill order & discipline to immigrants & working class students 12

13 Publishing! Journalism: Describe yellow journalism! 1865 = 500 Daily Newspapers = 2,600 Daily Newspapers! Newspapers in cities battled for readers! Led to Yellow Journalism! trying to gain readers by creating fake & sensational news stories Urban Parks! Americans during late 1800s wanted to relax from busy urban life What was city beautiful movement?! Central Park designed in 1857! 1871 = Over 10 million visitors! City Beautiful Movement! Wanted public parks and attractive boulevards in cities to give city-dwellers a civilizing influence! Late 1800s over 4 million Americans began riding bikes, mostly in parks Sports Why did Americans begin to play sports? What sports?! When not spending time in parks many Americans spent leisure time playing sport! Baseball, Football, Basketball! All American sports created out of urban leisure time 13

14 Summary! How did Education change due to immigration?! How did leisure time change urban life? Basketball Basketball & Peach Basket 14

15 James Naismith (inventor of Bball) with Basket & Ball Girls Basketball Baseball Uniform 15

16 Baseball Glove Baseball in Hoboken Baseball in Hoboken 16

17 Football Team 17