The Three Elephants in the Room: Coal, Oil and Gas in the Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) and their CO2 Emissions up to 2013 Bernard CHABOT

Transcription

1 The Three Elephants in the Room: Coal, Oil and Gas in the Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) and their CO2 Emissions up to 2013 Bernard CHABOT Renewable Energy Consultant and Trainer BCCONSULT, Garbejaire B107, VALBONE, France 1

2 Main Findings and Conclusions World primary energy consumption (PEC) remains based mainly on the use of fossil fuels : according to the BP Statistical Rewiew 2014 used in this analysis, in 2013 fossil fuels contributed around 87 % of the 12,730 Mtoe of global PEC in 2013: 33 % from oil (4,185 Mt), 30 % from coal (3,827 Mtoe) and 24 % from gas (3,020 Mtoe). Commercial renewables (including hydropower) contributed by 8.9 % (1,135 Mtoe) and nuclear by 4.4 % (563 Mtoe) Considering final energy consumption including from traditional biomass (see slide N 7 from the REN report), in 2012 fossil fuels contributed by 78.2 %, renewables by 19 % (of which 10 % modern renewables) and nuclear energy by 2.6 %. On the last ten years ( ), fossil fuels consumption average annual growth rate (2.2 %/year) was the same than for PEC, compared to %/year for renewables (resulting from %/year for hydropower and %/year for other renewables) and to a decrease of %/year for nuclear power. At 35,094 MtCO2 in 2013 and an average growth rate of %/year on compared to %/year on , global emissions from burning fossil fuels are on an unsustainable path (see slide N 36 and 37), with a cumulative value of more than 1,100 GtCO2 since around half a century ago (1965) of which 400 Gt since Extrapolated to 2025, this CO2 emission path from burning fossil fuels would add GtCO2 since 2000, too near from the 866 GtCO2 of the CO2 budget calculated by the Postdam Institute for Climate to secure a 80 % probality of limiting the global warming to less than + 2 C during this 21 st century. Detailed analysis of coal consumption (slides 38-44) and oil of and consumption and production (slides 45-72) in 2013, during the last ten years ( ) and on the period show the differentiated contributions of main countries producing and consuming fossil fuels and the impact of large emerging countries. Analysis of [Oil + Gas] consumption and production (slides 73-81), of the (production consumption) differences and the (Production /Consumption) ratios puts in evidence the fast declining related values on for large hydrocarbons producers and exporters (e. g. Saudi Arabia, Iran) and for many importing countries (like China since 1993) or regions (European Union). In USA, the recent increase of unconventional oil and gas production was not sufficient to avoid a still large hydrocarbons (production consumption) difference of Mtoe in 2013, with a ratio of 71 %. For the European Union, the hydrocarbons production/consumption deficits are aggravating (slides 80 and 81), for gas from a ratio of 60 % in 1994 down to 38 % in 2013 (a deficit of 244 Mtoe), for oil from 25 % in 1999 down to a mere 11 % in 2013 (a deficit of Mt), and for [Oil + Gas] from 36 % in 1996 down to 22 % in 2013 (a combined deficit of Mtoe). Tables of the Top 40 countries in 2013 in ANNEX 1 and ANNEX 2 (slides 82 to 91) show individual countries ranks for the contributions of primary energy sources (fossils, renewables, nuclear) in absolute and relative values. Up to 12 of the 67 selected countries are dependant to fossil fuels to more than 99 % of their PEC. Only 2 countries (Norway and Sweden) rely on non-fossil energy sources for more than 2/3 rd of their PEC. Only one country (France) rely on more than 1/3 rd on nuclear power of its PEC with a 38.6 % contribution. And only 4 countries rely on modern and commercial renewables for more than 1/3 rd of their PEC (of which near 2/3 rd for Norway), and without hydropower, only one (Denmark) rely on more than 20 % from renewables within its PEC. Due to this unsustainable dependency and development path related to fossil fuels consumption and the related CO2 emissions, and due to the continuously decreasing market share from nuclear power and its limited future development opportunities, sustainable policies and measures for energy and climate should strongly focus on energy conservation, energy efficiency and a faster development of modern renewables in all economic sectors both in industrialised, emerging and developing countries.

3 Introduction and Content Analysis based on data from the BP Statistical Review 2014, global data and for 67 individual countries representing 96 % of the 2013 world PEC, downloadable at : World primary energy consumption (PEC): Slides N 4-18 Fossil fuels consumption: Slides N CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels : Slides N Coal consumption by countries: Slides N Oil consumption and production by countries: Slides N Gas consumption and production by countries: Slides N [Oil + Gas] consumption and production: Slides N ANNEX 1: Top 40 countries for primary energy consumption by sources: Slides ANNEX 2: Top 40 countries by % of primary energy consumption by sources: Slides 91-94

4 World Primary Energy Consumption by Sources in

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6 Data from BP Tot Fossil Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Other RE Tot. RE Tot. PEC Total World (Mtoe) % Total PEC 86,66% 30,06% 32,87% 23,73% 4,42% 6,72% 2,19% 8,92% 100% Rest of World (Mtoe) % ROW on total 3,9% 1,4% 6,7% 3,3% 0,3% 9,5% 2,0% 7,7% 4,1% Data from BP Tot. Fossil Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Other RE Tot. RE Tot. PEC Total World (Mtoe) Of which: OECD 4 571, , , ,4 447,0 319,3 195,6 514, ,1 Non-OECD 6 461, , , ,0 116,1 536,5 83,7 620, ,3 % OECD 41,4% 27,9% 49,2% 47,8% 79,4% 37,3% 70,0% 45,4% 43,5% % Non OECD 58,6% 72,1% 50,8% 52,2% 20,6% 62,7% 30,0% 54,6% 56,5% European Union 1 284,9 285,4 605,2 394,3 198,5 81,9 110,6 192, ,9 % EU in World 11,6% 7,5% 14,5% 13,1% 35,3% 9,6% 39,6% 17,0% 13,2% EU in OECD 28,1% 26,7% 29,4% 27,3% 44,4% 25,7% 56,5% 37,4% 30,3% 6

7 Considering the final energy consumption (and not the primary energy demand) and integrating the non commercial use of biomass, the global share of fossil fuels was still largely dominant at 78.4 % in 2012, compared to 19 % from renewables and 2.6 % from nuclear energy Source: REN 21, RENEWABLES 204 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 7

8 Analysis of the Changes in the World Primary Energy Consumption by Sources on the Last Ten Years:

9 World PEC. Data: BP Total Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Other RE Tot. RE Total BCCONSULT 6/2014 Fossils PEC Mtoe Mtoe , (2013) - (2004) (Mtoe) (2013) / (2004) 1,21 1,37 1,08 1,25 0,90 1,35 3,67 1,60 1,22 10 years variation % 21% 37% 8% 25% -10% 35% 267% 60% 22% Av. Growth Rate (%/year) 2,2% 3,5% 0,9% 2,5% -1,1% 3,4% 15,6% 5,3% 2,2% 9

10 Analysis of Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) by Sources on

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12 Analysis of Primary Energy Consumption by Countries on

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19 Fossil Fuels Consumption by Countries on

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26 C02 Emissions From Burning Fossil Fuels (All Sectors) Share of electricity production in global CO2 emissions CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels since 1990 CO2 emissions in 2013 Cumulated CO2 emissions on the last ten years Cumulated CO2 emissions since

27 Electricity production and industry are main emitters sectors Source: «Long term trend in global CO2 emissions, 2011 report», PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and JRC European Commission,

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31 CO2 emissions in 2013 (Mt). Data from BP Rank Country Mt CO2 % World Cum % 1 China 9 524,3 27,1% 27,1% 2 US 5 931,4 16,9% 44,0% 3 India 1 931,1 5,5% 49,5% 4 Russian Federation 1 714,2 4,9% 54,4% 5 Japan 1 397,4 4,0% 58,4% 6 Germany 842,8 2,4% 60,8% 7 South Korea 768,1 2,2% 63,0% 8 Saudi Arabia 632,0 1,8% 64,8% 9 Iran 630,6 1,8% 66,6% 10 Canada 616,7 1,8% 68,4% 11 Brazil 541,1 1,5% 69,9% 12 Indonesia 523,3 1,5% 71,4% 13 United Kingdom 513,4 1,5% 72,8% 14 Mexico 499,4 1,4% 74,3% 15 South Africa 441,1 1,3% 75,5% 16 France 385,6 1,1% 76,6% 17 Italy 383,1 1,1% 77,7% 18 Australia 360,1 1,0% 78,7% 19 Poland 331,1 0,9% 79,7% 20 Taiw an 330,0 0,9% 80,6% 21 Turkey 328,8 0,9% 81,6% 22 Thailand 328,4 0,9% 82,5% 23 Ukraine 301,1 0,9% 83,4% 24 Spain 284,3 0,8% 84,2% 25 United Arab Emirates 253,7 0,7% 84,9% 26 Netherlands 238,5 0,7% 85,6% 27 Malaysia 234,7 0,7% 86,2% 28 Singapore 224,6 0,6% 86,9% 29 Egypt 224,0 0,6% 87,5% 30 Kazakhstan 209,5 0,6% 88,1% 31 Argentina 194,5 0,6% 88,7% 32 Venezuela 176,6 0,5% 89,2% 33 Pakistan 166,4 0,5% 89,6% 34 Belgium 142,4 0,4% 90,1% 35 Vietnam 137,1 0,4% 90,4% 36 Algeria 121,9 0,3% 90,8% 37 Uzbekistan 110,5 0,3% 91,1% 38 Czech Republic 109,4 0,3% 91,4% 39 Kuw ait 104,5 0,3% 91,7% 40 Chile 92,2 0,3% 92,0% 41 China Hong Kong SAR 90,8 0,3% 92,2% 42 Philippines 90,8 0,3% 92,5% 43 Colombia 82,2 0,2% 92,7% 44 Qatar 80,7 0,2% 93,0% 45 Greece 78,8 0,2% 93,2% 46 Romania 76,2 0,2% 93,4% 47 Israel 76,1 0,2% 93,6% 48 Austria 70,6 0,2% 93,8% 49 Bangladesh 67,9 0,2% 94,0% 50 Turkmenistan 66,4 0,2% 94,2% 51 Belarus 65,6 0,2% 94,4% 52 Trinidad & Tobago 53,0 0,2% 94,5% 53 Sw eden 52,9 0,2% 94,7% 54 Portugal 52,3 0,1% 94,8% 55 Peru 47,9 0,1% 95,0% 56 Finland 47,9 0,1% 95,1% 57 Hungary 47,0 0,1% 95,2% 58 Denmark 44,6 0,1% 95,4% 59 Norw ay 44,5 0,1% 95,5% 60 Sw itzerland 44,3 0,1% 95,6% 61 Bulgaria 41,4 0,1% 95,7% 62 New Zealand 37,1 0,1% 95,9% 63 Ecuador 36,8 0,1% 96,0% 64 Republic of Ireland 35,4 0,1% 96,1% 65 Slovakia 34,7 0,1% 96,2% 66 Azerbaijan 32,3 0,1% 96,2% 67 Lithuania 14,8 0,0% 96,3% ROW ,7% 100,0% Total World ,0% of w hich: OECD ,7% Non-OECD ,3% European Union ,2% Former Soviet Union ,3% Source of data: BP Statistical Review

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34 Cumulative CO2 emissions on (Mt). Data: BP Rank Country % World Cum % World 1 US ,3% 24,3% 2 China ,6% 37,9% 3 Japan ,0% 42,9% 4 Russian Federation ,8% 47,7% 5 Germany ,4% 52,1% 6 India ,1% 55,2% 7 United Kingdom ,8% 58,0% 8 Canada ,2% 60,2% 9 France ,9% 62,1% 10 Italy ,8% 63,9% 11 Poland ,6% 65,6% 12 South Korea ,4% 67,0% 13 South Africa ,3% 68,3% 14 Mexico ,2% 69,5% 15 Australia ,2% 70,7% 16 Ukraine ,2% 71,9% 17 Brazil ,2% 73,0% 18 Iran ,1% 74,2% 19 Saudi Arabia ,1% 75,3% 20 Spain ,1% 76,3% 21 Netherlands ,0% 77,3% 22 Indonesia ,82% 78,1% 23 Taiw an ,70% 78,8% 24 Czech Republic ,70% 79,5% 25 Turkey ,65% 80,2% 26 Belgium ,63% 80,8% 27 Romania ,58% 81,4% 28 Argentina ,53% 81,9% 29 Thailand ,53% 82,5% 30 Kazakhstan ,49% 82,9% 31 Venezuela ,48% 83,4% 32 Egypt ,42% 83,8% 33 United Arab Emirates ,39% 84,2% 34 Malaysia ,37% 84,6% 35 Singapore ,37% 85,0% 36 Pakistan ,34% 85,3% 37 Greece ,32% 85,6% 38 Sw eden ,31% 85,9% 39 Uzbekistan ,31% 86,3% 40 Hungary ,30% 86,6% 41 Austria ,27% 86,8% 42 Bulgaria ,27% 87,1% 43 Denmark ,26% 87,4% 44 Algeria ,26% 87,6% 45 Vietnam ,23% 87,8% 46 Finland ,22% 88,1% 47 Colombia ,21% 88,3% 48 Philippines ,21% 88,5% 49 Belarus ,20% 88,7% 50 Slovakia ,20% 88,9% 51 Kuw ait ,19% 89,1% 52 China Hong Kong SAR ,19% 89,3% 53 Israel ,19% 89,5% 54 Sw itzerland ,19% 89,6% 55 Portugal ,19% 89,8% 56 Chile ,18% 90,0% 57 Norw ay ,16% 90,2% 58 Republic of Ireland ,13% 90,3% 59 New Zealand ,12% 90,4% 60 Turkmenistan ,12% 90,5% 61 Qatar ,12% 90,6% 62 Peru ,10% 90,8% 63 Trinidad & Tobago ,10% 90,9% 64 Azerbaijan ,10% 91,0% 65 Bangladesh ,10% 91,1% 66 Ecuador 731 0,07% 91,1% 67 Lithuania 604 0,05% 91,2% ROW ,8% 100,0% Total World ,0% of w hich: OECD ,0% Non-OECD ,0% European Union ,2% Former Soviet Union ,8% Source of data: BP Statistical Review

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39 : %/year : %/year : + 3.4%/year 39

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41 Coal Consumption by Countries on

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48 Oil Consumption by Countries on

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55 Oil Production by Countries On

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61 2013 Oil Production World % Rank Country Mtoe % Cum % 1 Saudi Arabia 542,3 13,12% 13,12% 2 Russian Fed. 531,4 12,86% 25,98% 3 US 446,2 10,80% 36,78% 4 China 208,1 5,04% 41,81% 5 Canada 193,0 4,67% 46,48% 6 Iran 166,1 4,02% 50,50% 7 United Arab Emirates 165,7 4,01% 54,51% 8 Iraq 153,2 3,71% 58,22% 9 Kuw ait 151,3 3,66% 61,88% 10 Mexico 141,8 3,43% 65,31% 11 Venezuela 135,1 3,27% 68,58% 12 Nigeria 111,3 2,69% 71,27% 13 Brazil 109,9 2,66% 73,93% 14 Angola 87,4 2,11% 76,05% 15 Qatar 84,2 2,04% 78,08% 16 Kazakhstan 83,8 2,03% 80,11% 17 Norw ay 83,2 2,01% 82,12% 18 Algeria 68,9 1,67% 83,79% 19 Colombia 52,9 1,28% 85,07% 20 Libya 46,5 1,12% 86,19% 21 Azerbaijan 46,2 1,12% 87,31% 22 Oman 46,1 1,12% 88,43% 23 Indonesia 42,7 1,03% 89,46% 24 India 42,0 1,02% 90,47% 25 United Kingdom 40,6 0,98% 91,46% 26 Egypt 34,5 0,84% 92,29% 27 Argentina 30,5 0,74% 93,03% 28 Malaysia 29,6 0,72% 93,75% 29 Ecuador 28,2 0,68% 94,43% 30 Australia 17,9 0,43% 94,87% 31 Vietnam 17,0 0,41% 95,28% 32 Thailand 16,6 0,40% 95,68% 33 Equatorial Guinea 14,6 0,35% 96,03% 34 Rep. of Congo (Brazz.) 14,5 0,35% 96,38% 35 Gabon 11,8 0,29% 96,67% 36 Turkmenistan 11,4 0,28% 96,95% 37 Denmark 8,7 0,21% 97,16% 38 Yemen 7,4 0,18% 97,33% 39 Brunei 6,6 0,16% 97,49% 40 Sudan 6,0 0,15% 97,64% 41 Trinidad & Tobago 5,9 0,14% 97,78% 42 Italy 5,6 0,13% 97,92% 43 Chad 5,0 0,12% 98,04% 44 South Sudan 4,9 0,12% 98,15% 45 Peru 4,6 0,11% 98,26% 46 Romania 4,1 0,10% 98,36% 47 Tunisia 3,0 0,07% 98,44% 48 Uzbekistan 2,9 0,07% 98,51% 49 Syria 2,8 0,07% 98,57% 49 countries ,57% 98,57% ROW 59 1,43% 100% Total World ,9 100% of w hich: OECD 951,0 23,0% Non-OECD 3 181,9 77,0% OPEC 1 740,1 42,1% Non-OPEC (- FSU) 1 711,6 41,4% European Union 68,4 1,7% Former Soviet Union 681,3 16,5% Source of data: BP Statistical Review

62 Gas Consumption by Countries on

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69 Gas Production by Countries On

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75 2013 Gas Production (Mtoe) % Rank Country Mtoe % Cum % 1 US 627,2 20,50% 20,50% 2 Russian Federation 544,3 17,79% 38,29% 3 Iran 149,9 4,90% 43,18% 4 Qatar 142,7 4,66% 47,85% 5 Canada 139,3 4,55% 52,40% 6 China 105,3 3,44% 55,84% 7 Norw ay 97,9 3,20% 59,04% 8 Saudi Arabia 92,7 3,03% 62,07% 9 Algeria 70,7 2,31% 64,38% 10 Indonesia 63,4 2,07% 66,45% 11 Malaysia 62,1 2,03% 68,49% 12 Netherlands 61,8 2,02% 70,51% 13 Turkmenistan 56,1 1,83% 72,34% 14 United Kingdom 51,4 1,68% 74,02% 15 Mexico 51,0 1,67% 75,69% 16 Egypt 50,5 1,65% 77,33% 17 United Arab Emirates 50,4 1,65% 78,98% 18 Uzbekistan 49,7 1,62% 80,60% 19 Australia 38,6 1,26% 81,86% 20 Trinidad & Tobago 38,6 1,26% 83,12% 21 Thailand 37,6 1,23% 84,35% 22 Pakistan 34,7 1,13% 85,49% 23 Nigeria 32,5 1,06% 86,55% 24 Argentina 32,0 1,05% 87,59% 25 India 30,3 0,99% 88,58% 26 Oman 27,8 0,91% 89,49% 27 Venezuela 25,6 0,84% 90,33% 28 Bangladesh 19,7 0,64% 90,97% 29 Brazil 19,2 0,63% 91,60% 30 Bolivia 18,8 0,61% 92,21% 31 Ukraine 17,3 0,57% 92,78% 32 Kazakhstan 16,6 0,54% 93,32% 33 Azerbaijan 14,5 0,48% 93,80% 34 Bahrain 14,2 0,46% 94,26% 35 Kuw ait 14,0 0,46% 94,72% 36 Myanmar 11,8 0,39% 95,11% 37 Colombia 11,4 0,37% 95,48% 38 Brunei 11,0 0,36% 95,84% 39 Peru 11,0 0,36% 96,20% 40 Libya 10,8 0,35% 96,55% 41 Romania 9,9 0,32% 96,87% 42 Yemen 9,3 0,30% 97,18% 43 Vietnam 8,8 0,29% 97,46% 44 Germany 7,4 0,24% 97,70% 45 Italy 6,4 0,21% 97,91% 46 Denmark 4,4 0,14% 98,06% 47 Syria 4,0 0,13% 98,19% 48 Poland 3,8 0,12% 98,31% 49 Iraq 0,6 0,02% 98,33% 49 countries ,33% 98,33% ROW 51 1,67% 100% Total World ,9 100% of w hich: OECD 1 107,0 36,2% Non-OECD 1 952,9 63,8% European Union 150,7 4,9% Former Soviet Union 698,8 22,8% Source of data: BP Statistical Review

76 [Oil + Gas] Production and Consumption by Countries in 2013 and on

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78 2013 [Oil+Gas] Production Mtoe/year Source of data: BP Statistical Review 2014 Rank Country Oil Gas % Oil % Gas [Oil+Gas] % World Cum % 1 Russian Federation 531,4 544,3 49% 51% 1 075,7 14,96% 15,0% 2 US 446,2 627,2 42% 58% 1 073,4 14,92% 29,9% 3 Saudi Arabia 542,3 92,7 85% 15% 635,0 8,83% 38,7% 4 Canada 193,0 139,3 58% 42% 332,4 4,62% 43,3% 5 Iran 166,1 149,9 53% 47% 316,0 4,39% 47,7% 6 China 208,1 105,3 66% 34% 313,5 4,36% 52,1% 7 Qatar 84,2 142,7 37% 63% 226,9 3,15% 55,2% 8 United Arab Emirates 165,7 50,4 77% 23% 216,0 3,00% 58,2% 9 Mexico 141,8 51,0 74% 26% 192,8 2,68% 60,9% 10 Norw ay 83,2 97,9 46% 54% 181,0 2,52% 63,4% 11 Kuw ait 151,3 14,0 92% 8% 165,3 2,30% 65,7% 12 Venezuela 135,1 25,6 84% 16% 160,7 2,23% 68,0% 13 Iraq 153,2 0,6 100% 0% 153,8 2,14% 70,1% 14 Nigeria 111,3 32,5 77% 23% 143,7 2,00% 72,1% 15 Algeria 68,9 70,7 49% 51% 139,6 1,94% 74,0% 16 Brazil 109,9 19,2 85% 15% 129,1 1,80% 75,8% 17 Indonesia 42,7 63,4 40% 60% 106,1 1,47% 77,3% 18 Kazakhstan 83,8 16,6 83% 17% 100,4 1,40% 78,7% 19 United Kingdom 40,6 51,4 44% 56% 92,0 1,28% 80,0% 20 Malaysia 29,6 62,1 32% 68% 91,7 1,28% 81,3% 21 Angola 87,4 0,0 100% 0% 87,4 1,21% 82,5% 22 Egypt 34,5 50,5 41% 59% 85,0 1,18% 83,7% 23 Oman 46,1 27,8 62% 38% 73,9 1,03% 84,7% 24 India 42,0 30,3 58% 42% 72,3 1,00% 85,7% 25 Turkmenistan 11,4 56,1 17% 83% 67,5 0,94% 86,6% 26 Colombia 52,9 11,4 82% 18% 64,3 0,89% 87,5% 27 Argentina 30,5 32,0 49% 51% 62,5 0,87% 88,4% 28 Azerbaijan 46,2 14,5 76% 24% 60,7 0,84% 89,2% 29 Libya 46,5 10,8 81% 19% 57,2 0,80% 90,0% 30 Australia 17,9 38,6 32% 68% 56,5 0,79% 90,8% 31 Thailand 16,6 37,6 31% 69% 54,2 0,75% 91,6% 32 Uzbekistan 2,9 49,7 6% 94% 52,6 0,73% 92,3% 33 Trinidad & Tobago 5,9 38,6 13% 87% 44,4 0,62% 92,9% 34 Ecuador 28,2 0,0 100% 0% 28,2 0,39% 93,3% 35 Vietnam 17,0 8,8 66% 34% 25,8 0,36% 93,7% 36 Bangladesh 0,0 19,7 0% 100% 19,7 0,27% 94,0% 37 Brunei 6,6 11,0 38% 62% 17,6 0,24% 94,2% 38 Yemen 7,4 9,3 44% 56% 16,7 0,23% 94,4% 39 Peru 4,6 11,0 29% 71% 15,5 0,22% 94,6% 40 Equatorial Guinea 14,6 0,0 100% 0% 14,6 0,20% 94,8% 41 Rep. of Congo (Brazz.) 14,5 0,0 100% 0% 14,5 0,20% 95,0% 42 Bahrain 0,0 14,2 0% 100% 14,2 0,20% 95,2% 43 Romania 4,1 9,9 29% 71% 14,0 0,19% 95,4% 44 Denmark 8,7 4,4 67% 33% 13,0 0,18% 95,6% 45 Italy 5,6 6,4 47% 53% 11,9 0,17% 95,8% 46 Gabon 11,8 0,0 100% 0% 11,8 0,16% 96,0% 47 Myanmar 0,0 11,8 0% 100% 11,8 0,16% 96,1% 48 Syria 2,8 4,0 41% 59% 6,8 0,09% 96,2% 49 Sudan 6,0 0,0 100% 0% 6,0 0,08% 96,3% 50 Chad 5,0 0,0 100% 0% 5,0 0,07% 96,4% 51 South Sudan 4,9 0,0 100% 0% 4,9 0,07% 96,4% 52 Tunisia 3,0 0,0 100% 0% 3,0 0,04% 96,5% Countries Oil Gas % Oil % Gas [Oil+Gas] % World Cum % 52 countries % 41% ,47% 96,5% ROW % 77% 254 3,53% Total World % 43% % 100% of w hich: OECD 951, ,0 46% 54% 2 058,0 28,6% Non-OECD 3 181, ,9 62% 38% 5 134,7 71,4% European Union 68,4 150,7 31% 69% 219,1 3,0% Former Soviet Union 681,3 698,8 49% 51% 1 380,1 19,2% Oil and gas production. Source of data: BP Statistical Review

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85 ANNEX 1: Top 40 Countries For Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) by Sources In

86 Mtoe ROW 1 182,0 9,3% 100% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Total PEC % Total Cum. % 1 China 2 852,4 22,4% 22,4% 2 US 2 265,8 17,8% 40,2% 3 Russia 699,0 5,5% 45,7% 4 India 595,0 4,7% 50,4% 5 Japan 474,0 3,7% 54,1% 6 Canada 332,9 2,6% 56,7% 7 Germany 325,0 2,6% 59,3% 8 Brazil 284,0 2,2% 61,5% 9 South Korea 271,3 2,1% 63,6% 10 France 248,4 2,0% 65,6% 11 Iran 243,9 1,9% 67,5% 12 Saudi Arabia 227,7 1,8% 69,3% 13 United Kingdom 200,0 1,6% 70,8% 14 Mexico 188,0 1,5% 72,3% 15 Indonesia 168,7 1,3% 73,7% 16 Italy 158,8 1,2% 74,9% 17 Spain 133,7 1,1% 75,9% 18 Turkey 122,8 1,0% 76,9% 19 South Africa 122,4 1,0% 77,9% 20 Ukraine 117,5 0,9% 78,8% 21 Australia 116,0 0,9% 79,7% 22 Thailand 115,6 0,9% 80,6% 23 Taiw an 110,9 0,9% 81,5% 24 Poland 99,9 0,8% 82,3% 25 United Arab Emirates 97,1 0,8% 83,0% 26 Netherlands 86,8 0,7% 83,7% 27 Egypt 86,8 0,7% 84,4% 28 Argentina 84,5 0,7% 85,1% 29 Venezuela 82,9 0,7% 85,7% 30 Malaysia 81,1 0,6% 86,4% 31 Singapore 75,7 0,6% 86,9% 32 Pakistan 69,6 0,5% 87,5% 33 Kazakhstan 62,0 0,5% 88,0% 34 Belgium 61,7 0,5% 88,5% 35 Vietnam 54,4 0,4% 88,9% 36 Sw eden 51,0 0,4% 89,3% 37 Uzbekistan 47,8 0,4% 89,7% 38 Algeria 46,6 0,4% 90,0% 39 Norw ay 45,0 0,4% 90,4% 40 Czech Republic 41,9 0,3% 90,7% Source of data: BP Statistical Review 2014 Mtoe ROW 947,4 8,6% 105% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Tot. Fossils % Total Cum. % 1 China 2 578,1 23,4% 23,4% 2 US 1 957,7 17,7% 41,1% 3 Russia 618,7 5,6% 46,7% 4 India 545,9 4,9% 51,7% 5 Japan 442,7 4,0% 55,7% 6 Germany 268,7 2,4% 58,1% 7 Iran 239,5 2,2% 60,3% 8 South Korea 237,6 2,2% 62,4% 9 Saudi Arabia 227,7 2,1% 64,5% 10 Canada 216,9 2,0% 66,5% 11 Brazil 180,3 1,6% 68,1% 12 Mexico 176,6 1,6% 69,7% 13 United Kingdom 172,1 1,6% 71,3% 14 Indonesia 162,8 1,5% 72,7% 15 Italy 134,1 1,2% 74,0% 16 France 131,1 1,2% 75,1% 17 South Africa 118,9 1,1% 76,2% 18 Thailand 113,4 1,0% 77,3% 19 Australia 108,1 1,0% 78,2% 20 Turkey 107,2 1,0% 79,2% 21 Taiw an 99,1 0,9% 80,1% 22 United Arab Emirates 97,1 0,9% 81,0% 23 Spain 95,7 0,9% 81,9% 24 Ukraine 95,3 0,9% 82,7% 25 Poland 95,1 0,9% 83,6% 26 Egypt 83,4 0,8% 84,3% 27 Netherlands 83,1 0,8% 85,1% 28 Malaysia 78,7 0,7% 85,8% 29 Singapore 75,4 0,7% 86,5% 30 Argentina 73,3 0,7% 87,1% 31 Venezuela 63,9 0,6% 87,7% 32 Pakistan 61,1 0,6% 88,3% 33 Kazakhstan 60,2 0,5% 88,8% 34 Belgium 49,1 0,4% 89,3% 35 Algeria 46,5 0,4% 89,7% 36 Uzbekistan 45,2 0,4% 90,1% 37 Vietnam 42,1 0,4% 90,5% 38 Kuw ait 37,8 0,3% 90,8% 39 Czech Republic 32,6 0,3% 91,1% 40 Qatar 31,8 0,3% 91,4% 86

87 Mtoe ROW 502,3 12,0% 105% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Oil % Total Cum. % 1 US 831,0 19,9% 19,9% 2 China 507,4 12,1% 32,0% 3 Japan 208,9 5,0% 37,0% 4 India 175,2 4,2% 41,2% 5 Russia 153,1 3,7% 44,8% 6 Saudi Arabia 135,0 3,2% 48,0% 7 Brazil 132,7 3,2% 51,2% 8 Germany 112,1 2,7% 53,9% 9 South Korea 108,4 2,6% 56,5% 10 Canada 103,5 2,5% 59,0% 11 Iran 92,9 2,2% 61,2% 12 Mexico 89,7 2,1% 63,3% 13 France 80,3 1,9% 65,2% 14 Indonesia 73,8 1,8% 67,0% 15 United Kingdom 69,8 1,7% 68,7% 16 Singapore 65,9 1,6% 70,2% 17 Italy 61,8 1,5% 71,7% 18 Spain 59,3 1,4% 73,1% 19 Thailand 50,4 1,2% 74,3% 20 Australia 47,0 1,1% 75,5% 21 Taiw an 43,4 1,0% 76,5% 22 Netherlands 41,4 1,0% 77,5% 23 Venezuela 36,2 0,9% 78,4% 24 Egypt 35,7 0,9% 79,2% 25 United Arab Emirates 35,6 0,9% 80,1% 26 Turkey 33,1 0,8% 80,9% 27 Malaysia 31,2 0,7% 81,6% 28 Belgium 31,0 0,7% 82,3% 29 Argentina 29,4 0,7% 83,0% 30 South Africa 27,2 0,7% 83,7% 31 Poland 24,0 0,6% 84,3% 32 Pakistan 22,0 0,5% 84,8% 33 Kuw ait 21,8 0,5% 85,3% 34 China Hong Kong SAR 17,7 0,4% 85,7% 35 Chile 17,6 0,4% 86,2% 36 Algeria 17,5 0,4% 86,6% 37 Vietnam 17,4 0,4% 87,0% 38 Sw eden 14,3 0,3% 87,3% 39 Greece 14,0 0,3% 87,7% 40 Colombia 13,9 0,3% 88,0% Source of data: BP Statistical Review 2014 Mtoe ROW 72,1 1,9% 101% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Coal % Total Cum. % 1 China 1 925,3 50,3% 50,3% 2 US 455,7 11,9% 62,2% 3 India 324,3 8,5% 70,7% 4 Japan 128,6 3,4% 74,1% 5 Russia 93,5 2,4% 76,5% 6 South Africa 88,2 2,3% 78,8% 7 South Korea 81,9 2,1% 80,9% 8 Germany 81,3 2,1% 83,1% 9 Poland 56,1 1,5% 84,5% 10 Indonesia 54,4 1,4% 86,0% 11 Australia 45,0 1,2% 87,1% 12 Ukraine 42,6 1,1% 88,2% 13 Taiw an 41,0 1,1% 89,3% 14 United Kingdom 36,5 1,0% 90,3% 15 Kazakhstan 36,1 0,9% 91,2% 16 Turkey 33,0 0,9% 92,1% 17 Canada 20,3 0,5% 92,6% 18 Malaysia 17,0 0,4% 93,0% 19 Czech Republic 16,5 0,4% 93,5% 20 Thailand 16,0 0,4% 93,9% 21 Vietnam 15,9 0,4% 94,3% 22 Italy 14,6 0,4% 94,7% 23 Brazil 13,7 0,4% 95,1% 24 Mexico 12,4 0,3% 95,4% 25 France 12,2 0,3% 95,7% 26 Philippines 10,5 0,3% 96,0% 27 Spain 10,3 0,3% 96,2% 28 Netherlands 8,3 0,2% 96,5% 29 China Hong Kong SAR 7,8 0,2% 96,7% 30 Chile 7,4 0,2% 96,9% 31 Israel 7,3 0,2% 97,0% 32 Greece 7,1 0,2% 97,2% 33 Bulgaria 5,9 0,2% 97,4% 34 Romania 5,6 0,1% 97,5% 35 Pakistan 4,4 0,1% 97,6% 36 Colombia 4,3 0,1% 97,8% 37 Finland 3,7 0,1% 97,9% 38 Austria 3,6 0,1% 97,9% 39 Denmark 3,2 0,1% 98,0% 40 Slovakia 3,1 0,1% 98,1% 87

88 Mtoe ROW 231,5 7,7% 104% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Gas % Total Cum. % 1 US 671,0 22,2% 22,2% 2 Russia 372,1 12,3% 34,5% 3 Iran 146,0 4,8% 39,4% 4 China 145,5 4,8% 44,2% 5 Japan 105,2 3,5% 47,7% 6 Canada 93,1 3,1% 50,8% 7 Saudi Arabia 92,7 3,1% 53,8% 8 Germany 75,3 2,5% 56,3% 9 Mexico 74,5 2,5% 58,8% 10 United Kingdom 65,8 2,2% 61,0% 11 United Arab Emirates 61,5 2,0% 63,0% 12 Italy 57,8 1,9% 64,9% 13 South Korea 47,3 1,6% 66,5% 14 Thailand 47,0 1,6% 68,0% 15 India 46,3 1,5% 69,6% 16 Egypt 46,3 1,5% 71,1% 17 Argentina 43,2 1,4% 72,5% 18 Turkey 41,1 1,4% 73,9% 19 Uzbekistan 40,7 1,3% 75,2% 20 Ukraine 40,5 1,3% 76,6% 21 France 38,6 1,3% 77,8% 22 Pakistan 34,7 1,1% 79,0% 23 Indonesia 34,6 1,1% 80,1% 24 Brazil 33,9 1,1% 81,3% 25 Netherlands 33,4 1,1% 82,4% 26 Malaysia 30,6 1,0% 83,4% 27 Algeria 29,1 1,0% 84,3% 28 Venezuela 27,5 0,9% 85,3% 29 Spain 26,1 0,9% 86,1% 30 Qatar 23,3 0,8% 86,9% 31 Trinidad & Tobago 20,2 0,7% 87,6% 32 Turkmenistan 20,0 0,7% 88,2% 33 Bangladesh 19,7 0,7% 88,9% 34 Belarus 16,5 0,5% 89,4% 35 Australia 16,1 0,5% 89,9% 36 Kuw ait 16,0 0,5% 90,5% 37 Belgium 15,1 0,5% 91,0% 38 Poland 15,0 0,5% 91,5% 39 Taiw an 14,7 0,5% 92,0% 40 Romania 11,2 0,4% 92,3% Source of data: BP Statistical Review 2014 Mtoe ROW 1,7 0,3% 100% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Nuclear % Total Cum. % 1 US 187,9 33,4% 33,4% 2 France 95,9 17,0% 50,4% 3 Russia 39,1 6,9% 57,3% 4 South Korea 31,4 5,6% 62,9% 5 China 25,0 4,4% 67,4% 6 Canada 23,1 4,1% 71,5% 7 Germany 22,0 3,9% 75,4% 8 Ukraine 18,8 3,3% 78,7% 9 United Kingdom 16,0 2,8% 81,6% 10 Sw eden 15,1 2,7% 84,2% 11 Spain 12,8 2,3% 86,5% 12 Belgium 9,6 1,7% 88,2% 13 Taiw an 9,4 1,7% 89,9% 14 India 7,5 1,3% 91,2% 15 Czech Republic 7,0 1,2% 92,5% 16 Sw itzerland 5,9 1,1% 93,5% 17 Finland 5,4 1,0% 94,5% 18 Slovakia 3,6 0,6% 95,1% 19 Hungary 3,5 0,6% 95,7% 20 Brazil 3,3 0,6% 96,3% 21 Japan 3,3 0,6% 96,9% 22 Bulgaria 3,2 0,6% 97,5% 23 South Africa 3,1 0,6% 98,0% 24 Mexico 2,7 0,5% 98,5% 25 Romania 2,6 0,5% 99,0% 26 Argentina 1,4 0,2% 99,2% 27 Pakistan 1,1 0,2% 99,4% 28 Iran 0,9 0,2% 99,6% 29 Netherlands 0,6 0,1% 99,7% 30 Saudi Arabia 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 31 Indonesia 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 32 Singapore 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 33 Italy 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 34 Thailand 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 35 Australia 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 36 Venezuela 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 37 Egypt 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 38 United Arab Emirates 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 39 Turkey 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 40 Malaysia 0,0 0,0% 99,7% 88

89 Mtoe ROW 7,8 2,8% 101% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Non Hydo RE % Total Cum. % 1 US 58,6 21,0% 21,0% 2 China 42,9 15,4% 36,4% 3 Germany 29,7 10,6% 47,0% 4 Spain 16,8 6,0% 53,0% 5 Brazil 13,2 4,7% 57,7% 6 Italy 13,0 4,6% 62,4% 7 India 11,7 4,2% 66,6% 8 United Kingdom 10,9 3,9% 70,5% 9 Japan 9,4 3,4% 73,9% 10 France 5,9 2,1% 76,0% 11 Sw eden 5,0 1,8% 77,8% 12 Canada 4,3 1,5% 79,3% 13 Poland 4,2 1,5% 80,8% 14 Denmark 3,7 1,3% 82,1% 15 Portugal 3,6 1,3% 83,4% 16 Australia 3,4 1,2% 84,6% 17 Netherlands 3,0 1,1% 85,7% 18 Belgium 2,8 1,0% 86,7% 19 Finland 2,7 1,0% 87,7% 20 Mexico 2,5 0,9% 88,6% 21 Philippines 2,4 0,8% 89,4% 22 Indonesia 2,3 0,8% 90,3% 23 Turkey 2,2 0,8% 91,1% 24 New Zealand 2,0 0,7% 91,8% 25 Austria 1,9 0,7% 92,5% 26 Czech Republic 1,5 0,5% 93,0% 27 Greece 1,4 0,5% 93,5% 28 Chile 1,4 0,5% 94,0% 29 Taiw an 1,2 0,4% 94,4% 30 Romania 1,1 0,4% 94,8% 31 Republic of Ireland 1,1 0,4% 95,2% 32 South Korea 1,0 0,4% 95,6% 33 Thailand 1,0 0,3% 95,9% 34 Argentina 0,7 0,2% 96,2% 35 Bulgaria 0,6 0,2% 96,4% 36 Norw ay 0,5 0,2% 96,6% 37 Hungary 0,5 0,2% 96,8% 38 Sw itzerland 0,5 0,2% 97,0% 39 Egypt 0,4 0,1% 97,1% 40 Slovakia 0,3 0,1% 97,2% Source of data: BP Statistical Review 2014 Mtoe ROW 112,6 9,9% 102% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Total RE % Total Cum. % 1 China 249,2 22,0% 22,0% 2 US 120,2 10,6% 32,5% 3 Brazil 100,4 8,8% 41,4% 4 Canada 92,9 8,2% 49,6% 5 India 41,6 3,7% 53,2% 6 Russia 41,1 3,6% 56,9% 7 Germany 34,3 3,0% 59,9% 8 Norw ay 29,7 2,6% 62,5% 9 Japan 28,0 2,5% 65,0% 10 Spain 25,1 2,2% 67,2% 11 Italy 24,6 2,2% 69,4% 12 France 21,4 1,9% 71,2% 13 Venezuela 19,0 1,7% 72,9% 14 Sw eden 18,9 1,7% 74,6% 15 Turkey 15,6 1,4% 76,0% 16 Vietnam 12,3 1,1% 77,0% 17 United Kingdom 12,0 1,1% 78,1% 18 Austria 10,3 0,9% 79,0% 19 Colombia 10,2 0,9% 79,9% 20 Argentina 9,9 0,9% 80,8% 21 Sw itzerland 9,0 0,8% 81,6% 22 Mexico 8,7 0,8% 82,3% 23 Australia 8,0 0,7% 83,0% 24 Pakistan 7,4 0,7% 83,7% 25 New Zealand 7,3 0,6% 84,3% 26 Portugal 6,6 0,6% 84,9% 27 Indonesia 5,9 0,5% 85,4% 28 Chile 5,8 0,5% 85,9% 29 Finland 5,6 0,5% 86,4% 30 Peru 5,0 0,4% 86,9% 31 Poland 4,8 0,4% 87,3% 32 Romania 4,6 0,4% 87,7% 33 Philippines 4,5 0,4% 88,1% 34 Denmark 3,7 0,3% 88,4% 35 Iran 3,4 0,3% 88,7% 36 Ukraine 3,4 0,3% 89,0% 37 Egypt 3,3 0,3% 89,3% 38 Netherlands 3,1 0,3% 89,6% 39 Belgium 2,9 0,3% 89,8% 40 Greece 2,9 0,3% 90,1% 89

90 Source of data: BP Statistical Review 2014 Mtoe ROW 128,7 7,6% 102% 2013 TOTAL World ,0% 100% Rank Country Non Fossi % Total Cum. % 1 US 308,1 18,1% 18,1% 2 China 274,2 16,1% 34,3% 3 France 117,2 6,9% 41,2% 4 Canada 116,0 6,8% 48,0% 5 Brazil 103,8 6,1% 54,1% 6 Russia 80,3 4,7% 58,9% 7 Germany 56,4 3,3% 62,2% 8 India 49,1 2,9% 65,1% 9 Spain 37,9 2,2% 67,3% 10 Sw eden 34,0 2,0% 69,3% 11 South Korea 33,7 2,0% 71,3% 12 Japan 31,3 1,8% 73,1% 13 Norw ay 29,7 1,8% 74,9% 14 United Kingdom 27,9 1,6% 76,5% 15 Italy 24,6 1,5% 78,0% 16 Ukraine 22,2 1,3% 79,3% 17 Venezuela 19,0 1,1% 80,4% 18 Turkey 15,6 0,9% 81,3% 19 Sw itzerland 15,0 0,9% 82,2% 20 Belgium 12,6 0,7% 83,0% 21 Vietnam 12,3 0,7% 83,7% 22 Taiw an 11,8 0,7% 84,4% 23 Mexico 11,4 0,7% 85,0% 24 Argentina 11,2 0,7% 85,7% 25 Finland 11,0 0,6% 86,3% 26 Austria 10,3 0,6% 87,0% 27 Colombia 10,2 0,6% 87,6% 28 Czech Republic 9,3 0,5% 88,1% 29 Pakistan 8,5 0,5% 88,6% 30 Australia 8,0 0,5% 89,1% 31 New Zealand 7,3 0,4% 89,5% 32 Romania 7,2 0,4% 89,9% 33 Portugal 6,6 0,4% 90,3% 34 Indonesia 5,9 0,3% 90,7% 35 Chile 5,8 0,3% 91,0% 36 Slovakia 5,0 0,3% 91,3% 37 Peru 5,0 0,3% 91,6% 38 Bulgaria 4,8 0,3% 91,9% 39 Poland 4,8 0,3% 92,2% 40 Philippines 4,5 0,3% 92,4% 90

91 ANNEX 2: Top 40 Countries by % of Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) by Sources in

92 2013 TOTAL World 86,7% Rank Country % Fossil 1 Qatar 100,0% 2 Kuw ait 100,0% 3 Saudi Arabia 100,0% 4 China Hong Kong SAR 100,0% 5 Turkmenistan 100,0% 6 United Arab Emirates 100,0% 7 Trinidad & Tobago 100,0% 8 Algeria 99,8% 9 Belarus 99,7% 10 Singapore 99,6% 11 Israel 99,4% 12 Bangladesh 99,1% 13 Iran 98,2% 14 Thailand 98,1% 15 Azerbaijan 97,3% 16 South Africa 97,2% 17 Malaysia 97,0% 18 Kazakhstan 97,0% 19 Indonesia 96,5% 20 Egypt 96,2% 21 Netherlands 95,8% 22 Poland 95,2% 23 Uzbekistan 94,6% 24 Lithuania 94,2% 25 Mexico 94,0% 26 Japan 93,4% 27 Australia 93,1% 28 India 91,7% 29 Republic of Ireland 90,6% 30 China 90,4% 31 Greece 89,5% 32 Taiw an 89,3% 33 Russia 88,5% 34 Pakistan 87,8% 35 South Korea 87,6% 36 Turkey 87,3% 37 Argentina 86,7% 38 US 86,4% 39 United Kingdom 86,0% 40 Philippines 85,7% 2013 TOTAL World 32,87% Rank Country % Oil 1 Singapore 87,1% 2 Ecuador 78,8% 3 China Hong Kong SAR 63,6% 4 Saudi Arabia 59,3% 5 Kuw ait 57,7% 6 Greece 51,5% 7 Chile 50,7% 8 Republic of Ireland 50,6% 9 Belgium 50,3% 10 Lithuania 47,9% 11 Netherlands 47,7% 12 Mexico 47,7% 13 Brazil 46,7% 14 Peru 46,0% 15 Portugal 45,4% 16 Spain 44,4% 17 Japan 44,1% 18 Indonesia 43,8% 19 Venezuela 43,7% 20 Israel 43,6% 21 Thailand 43,6% 22 Denmark 43,4% 23 Philippines 43,0% 24 Egypt 41,1% 25 Australia 40,5% 26 South Korea 40,0% 27 Taiw an 39,1% 28 Sw itzerland 39,1% 29 Italy 38,9% 30 Malaysia 38,5% 31 Iran 38,1% 32 Algeria 37,5% 33 Austria 36,8% 34 United Arab Emirates 36,7% 35 US 36,7% 36 Colombia 36,5% 37 Azerbaijan 36,0% 38 New Zealand 35,7% 39 United Kingdom 34,9% 40 Argentina 34,8% Source of data: BP Statistical Review TOTAL World 30,06% Rank Country % Coal 1 South Africa 72,05% 2 China 67,50% 3 Kazakhstan 58,20% 4 Poland 56,15% 5 India 54,51% 6 Czech Republic 39,35% 7 Australia 38,78% 8 Taiw an 36,94% 9 Ukraine 36,26% 10 Bulgaria 34,54% 11 Philippines 33,14% 12 Indonesia 32,25% 13 Israel 30,30% 14 South Korea 30,17% 15 Vietnam 29,24% 16 China Hong Kong SAR 27,86% 17 Japan 27,12% 18 Turkey 26,87% 19 Greece 26,12% 20 Germany 25,01% 21 Chile 21,26% 22 Malaysia 20,91% 23 US 20,11% 24 Slovakia 18,95% 25 United Kingdom 18,27% 26 Denmark 17,70% 27 Romania 16,90% 28 Finland 14,18% 29 Thailand 13,81% 30 Russia 13,38% 31 Hungary 12,99% 32 Colombia 11,31% 33 Portugal 11,28% 34 Austria 10,55% 35 Republic of Ireland 9,92% 36 Netherlands 9,60% 37 Italy 9,19% 38 Spain 7,74% 39 New Zealand 7,60% 40 Mexico 6,62% 2013 TOTAL World 23,73% Rank Country % Gas 1 Trinidad & Tobago 91,60% 2 Uzbekistan 85,12% 3 Turkmenistan 76,09% 4 Bangladesh 73,81% 5 Qatar 73,25% 6 Belarus 65,21% 7 United Arab Emirates 63,32% 8 Algeria 62,35% 9 Azerbaijan 61,35% 10 Iran 59,85% 11 Egypt 53,35% 12 Russia 53,24% 13 Argentina 51,11% 14 Pakistan 49,86% 15 Lithuania 42,95% 16 Kuw ait 42,29% 17 Saudi Arabia 40,72% 18 Thailand 40,67% 19 Mexico 39,62% 20 Netherlands 38,44% 21 Hungary 37,74% 22 Malaysia 37,68% 23 Italy 36,41% 24 Ukraine 34,47% 25 Romania 34,01% 26 Turkey 33,45% 27 Venezuela 33,15% 28 United Kingdom 32,89% 29 Republic of Ireland 30,05% 30 US 29,61% 31 Slovakia 29,32% 32 Canada 27,98% 33 Peru 27,15% 34 Israel 25,47% 35 Colombia 25,37% 36 Belgium 24,55% 37 Germany 23,16% 38 Austria 22,45% 39 Japan 22,19% 40 Indonesia 20,50% 92

93 2013 TOTAL World 4,42% Rank Country % Nuclear 1 France 38,6% 2 Sw eden 29,7% 3 Slovakia 21,5% 4 Finland 20,7% 5 Sw itzerland 19,6% 6 Bulgaria 18,8% 7 Hungary 17,0% 8 Czech Republic 16,6% 9 Ukraine 16,0% 10 Belgium 15,6% 11 South Korea 11,6% 12 Spain 9,6% 13 Taiw an 8,5% 14 US 8,3% 15 United Kingdom 8,0% 16 Romania 8,0% 17 Canada 6,9% 18 Germany 6,8% 19 Russia 5,6% 20 South Africa 2,6% 21 Argentina 1,6% 22 Pakistan 1,5% 23 Mexico 1,4% 24 India 1,3% 25 Brazil 1,2% 26 China 0,9% 27 Netherlands 0,7% 28 Japan 0,7% 29 Iran 0,4% 30 Norw ay 0,0% 31 Colombia 0,0% 32 New Zealand 0,0% 33 Austria 0,0% 34 Venezuela 0,0% 35 Vietnam 0,0% 36 Peru 0,0% 37 Ecuador 0,0% 38 Portugal 0,0% 39 Chile 0,0% 40 Turkey 0,0% 2013 TOTAL World 6,7% Rank Country % Hydro 1 Norw ay 64,9% 2 Brazil 30,7% 3 Sw itzerland 28,4% 4 Sw eden 27,3% 5 Canada 26,6% 6 Colombia 26,4% 7 New Zealand 26,3% 8 Austria 24,7% 9 Venezuela 22,9% 10 Vietnam 22,5% 11 Peru 21,9% 12 Ecuador 17,0% 13 Portugal 12,9% 14 Chile 12,8% 15 Finland 11,1% 16 Turkey 10,9% 17 Argentina 10,9% 18 Pakistan 10,7% 19 Romania 10,4% 20 Italy 7,3% 21 China 7,2% 22 Slovakia 7,0% 23 Philippines 6,9% 24 France 6,2% 25 Spain 6,2% 26 Russia 5,9% 27 Uzbekistan 5,4% 28 Bulgaria 5,4% 29 Greece 5,3% 30 India 5,0% 31 Japan 3,9% 32 Australia 3,9% 33 Egypt 3,4% 34 Mexico 3,3% 35 Kazakhstan 3,0% 36 US 2,7% 37 Ukraine 2,7% 38 Azerbaijan 2,7% 39 Malaysia 2,6% 40 Indonesia 2,1% Source of data: BP Statistical Review TOTAL World 2,19% Rank Country % Non hyd RE 1 Denmark 20,3% 2 Portugal 15,1% 3 Spain 12,6% 4 New Zealand 10,3% 5 Finland 10,3% 6 Sw eden 9,8% 7 Germany 9,1% 8 Republic of Ireland 8,5% 9 Italy 8,2% 10 Philippines 7,4% 11 Austria 5,6% 12 United Kingdom 5,4% 13 Greece 5,2% 14 Brazil 4,7% 15 Belgium 4,6% 16 Poland 4,2% 17 Chile 4,0% 18 Lithuania 3,7% 19 Bulgaria 3,7% 20 Czech Republic 3,5% 21 Netherlands 3,5% 22 Romania 3,4% 23 Australia 3,0% 24 Hungary 2,6% 25 US 2,6% 26 France 2,4% 27 Japan 2,0% 28 India 2,0% 29 Slovakia 1,8% 30 Turkey 1,8% 31 Sw itzerland 1,6% 32 China 1,5% 33 Indonesia 1,4% 34 Mexico 1,3% 35 Canada 1,3% 36 Norw ay 1,2% 37 Taiw an 1,1% 38 Peru 1,1% 39 Thailand 0,8% 40 Argentina 0,8% 2013 TOTAL World 8,9% Rank Country % RE 1 Norw ay 66,1% 2 Sw eden 37,0% 3 New Zealand 36,6% 4 Brazil 35,4% 5 Austria 30,2% 6 Sw itzerland 30,0% 7 Portugal 28,0% 8 Canada 27,9% 9 Colombia 26,8% 10 Peru 23,0% 11 Venezuela 22,9% 12 Vietnam 22,5% 13 Finland 21,4% 14 Denmark 20,3% 15 Spain 18,8% 16 Ecuador 17,6% 17 Chile 16,8% 18 Italy 15,5% 19 Philippines 14,3% 20 Romania 13,8% 21 Turkey 12,7% 22 Argentina 11,7% 23 Pakistan 10,7% 24 Germany 10,6% 25 Greece 10,5% 26 Republic of Ireland 9,4% 27 Bulgaria 9,1% 28 Slovakia 8,9% 29 China 8,7% 30 France 8,6% 31 India 7,0% 32 Australia 6,9% 33 United Kingdom 6,0% 34 Japan 5,9% 35 Russia 5,9% 36 Lithuania 5,8% 37 Czech Republic 5,6% 38 Uzbekistan 5,4% 39 US 5,3% 40 Poland 4,8% 93

94 Source of data: BP Statistical Review TOTAL World 13,3% Rank Country % Non Fossil 1 Sw eden 66,7% 2 Norw ay 66,1% 3 Sw itzerland 49,6% 4 France 47,2% 5 Finland 42,1% 6 New Zealand 36,6% 7 Brazil 36,5% 8 Canada 34,8% 9 Slovakia 30,3% 10 Austria 30,2% 11 Spain 28,4% 12 Portugal 28,0% 13 Bulgaria 27,8% 14 Colombia 26,8% 15 Peru 23,0% 16 Venezuela 22,9% 17 Vietnam 22,5% 18 Czech Republic 22,2% 19 Romania 21,8% 20 Belgium 20,4% 21 Denmark 20,3% 22 Hungary 19,9% 23 Ukraine 18,9% 24 Ecuador 17,6% 25 Germany 17,3% 26 Chile 16,8% 27 Italy 15,5% 28 Philippines 14,3% 29 United Kingdom 14,0% 30 US 13,6% 31 Argentina 13,3% 32 Turkey 12,7% 33 South Korea 12,4% 34 Pakistan 12,2% 35 Russia 11,5% 36 Taiw an 10,7% 37 Greece 10,5% 38 China 9,6% 39 Republic of Ireland 9,4% 40 India 8,3% 41 Australia 6,9% 42 Japan 6,6% 43 Mexico 6,0% 44 Lithuania 5,8% 45 Uzbekistan 5,4% 46 Poland 4,8% 47 Netherlands 4,2% 48 Egypt 3,8% 49 Indonesia 3,5% 50 Kazakhstan 3,0% 51 Malaysia 3,0% 52 South Africa 2,8% 53 Azerbaijan 2,7% 54 Thailand 1,9% 55 Iran 1,8% 56 Bangladesh 0,9% 57 Israel 0,6% 58 Singapore 0,4% 59 Belarus 0,3% 60 Algeria 0,2% 61 Trinidad & Tobago 0,0% 62 United Arab Emirates 0,0% 63 Turkmenistan 0,0% 64 China Hong Kong SAR 0,0% 65 Kuw ait 0,0% 66 Qatar 0,0% 67 Saudi Arabia 0,0% 94