Migration in UK: Accession 8 countries. Ilona Narusberg : MA GBI : nar : Elective 1 Information Design LSE Collaboration : Unit 2.

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1 LCC LSE Migration in UK: Accession 8 countries Ilona Narusberg : MA GBI : nar : Elective 1 Information Design LSE Collaboration : Unit 2.1

2 My research is on migration, and the effects that migration has on other life events. Ben Wilson, LSE PhD researcher I am also interested to explore different ways of visualising migration information: numbers of people, the movement of people, and the different experiences of migrants in comparison to those who don t migrate. There are some very interesting challenges here. For example, how should we show changing migration patterns? Are maps the best way? Maybe you can design the ultimate map? Or discover something better than a map for communicating the big picture?

3 For the last two years I had a personal interest in statistics related to UK immigration, particularly, concerning the immigrants coming from so called Accession 8 countries. Accession country refers to a new member state in the process of joining the European Union (EU). On 1 May 2004, the EU expanded to 25 nations. Czech Republic, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Latvia and Slovakia were defined as the Accession 8 or A8. Being Latvian myself I have experienced varied opinions on Latvians in UK regarding employment, income and habitation.

4 When the EU expanded from 15 countries to 25, British government decided to allow people from the new Eastern European member states to come Linda McAvan MEP, European Parliamentary Labour Party and work in Britain freely. Some comments in the press then and since, seem to suggest that whole Eastern European towns have been deserted by the Poles, Slovaks, Lithuanians and Estonians now scrounging benefits and living in council housing in British towns! Official figures paint a very different perspective: Eastern European immigrants are coming to the UK in bigger than expected numbers, but almost all are working hard for little more than the minimum wage, contributing to the economy, and paying their taxes. Almost all have come without their families, and next to none are receiving financial support.

5 My research objective was to analyze the data from annual immigration reports of the Office for National Statistics, to collect the relevant information and to produce clear visuals mapping the result. After processing reported data I drafted the outlines for graphs and diagrams which would communicate highlights in the concise and designerly manner. I stepped out from data organization to the design conveying notable issues of immigration to the UK such as occupations, wages and settlement of A8 newcomers. In the context of an understandable graph, the rhetoric capacity and the vivid forms of the interpretation play a decisive role in order to inform and raise awareness about the immigration of A8 EU citizens. I am convinced in the graphic design potential to cluster substantial volume of wide ranged data into compact, accessible arrays. My tactic was to use arguably the purest language of graphic communication information design methods and pictography. Essential task was to make complex data and structure lucid and merge them with the rhetoric implying a message besides the organization. I acknowledge the two target groups: first are the professional researchers, the migration officers and the media writers, second is the public.

6 Information consists of differences that make a difference E. Tufte, Envisioning Information

7 Data research

8 Research questions How can I find a method to analyse the data in the shortest possible time and keep a high level of accuracy? How can I define an effective and reliable method to analyse and compare qualitative and quantitative data? How can I simplify this huge amount of data to represent it in the clearest possible way but without losing precision? How can I make this information interesting for a large audience? What graphic style should I adopt to inform my audience? How can I transform this aseptic amount of numbers into a more organic and involving structure? Can information design develop into something more involving without losing its first purpose and become advertising? Can I overlap data with more suggestive images like pictograms? Research area Select an aspect of the research area Research questions Select research question A8 Immigration to UK. Settlement and employment of immigrants. What are the preferable UK regions for A8 immigrants? What are the occupations of immigrants? What are the earnings of immigrants? What is the intended length of stay of immigrants? Is the perception of the A8 immigrants in UK influenced by real facts or based on stereotypes of easy-peasy money, jobs or benefit seekers?

9 Resources Population trends, autumn 2007, p. 10 Table 2: Top ten local authorities: national group as a percentage of all A8 citizens, May 2004 December 2006 Data for the migration mapping graph. Employment of foreign workers: , p. 19 Figure 11: Distribution of Earnings for workers by nationality Quarter Data for the earnings and length of stay diagrams. Employment of foreign workers in the United Kingdom: , p. 27 Table 8: People in employment aged 16 and over: by country of birth, occupation and year of arrival, October to December 2007 Data for the employment chart.

10 I believe I can fly!

11 Mapping moves

12 Ilona Narusberg Approaches to mapping In the course of my research, I have analyzed E. Tufte s methodology of expanding and envisioning maps, people flow and moves. Studying concentrated dots used to portray large quantities of data at high density and narrative description of transport systems ( Envisioning Information, p , p ), suggested the layout for moves and flows in the final graph.

13 Ilona Narusberg

14 Classical mapping for different thresholds of UK district migration by Alasdair Rae. Air Routes of Britain (Day), 2000 Langlands & Bell print with light lines and dots as existing plane routes and destination points in the sky of Britain. Map your moves, 2010 A project by Moritz Stefaner for marking moving in-moving out statistics between New York, USA and rest of the world.

15 Civil Airline Disasters , 1999 Jeremy Coysten s map that footnotes the last 48 years of airplane crashes around the world. Each black square is a location of an accident with a reference to its cause and fatalities.

16 lv SC hu pl lt NI NW NE YH EM Opposing colours WA WM SW SE LO EE My attempt at this stage was to map A8 people flow to UK regions. I used colour differentiation for states and regions and lines matching A8 state and final destination in UK. This method resulted in excessive crowding of lines. The flow was not clearly communicated.

17 Monochrome Estonia Multiple colours Estonia Latvia Latvia Lithuania Lithuania Poland Poland Czech Republic Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Accession 8 Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Slovenia

18 Circles are a good way to communicate target points. This feature is widely used in the orienteering sports solving map & territory issue. I used circles for displaying states and UK regions.

19 Density of people flow was challenging. I found the solution in dashed strokes. Larger gaps in strokes displayed less crowded destinations. Ilona Narusberg

20 I got a job!

21 Visualizing Employment

22 They do the job elementary process operatives skilled trade sales professional managers Character pictograms define the job without detailed description. The bars linked to each character demonstrate numbers of employed people in the industry.

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24 Isotype is an acronym that stands for International System of Typographic Picture Education. Shortly, it answers the question: how pictures can be used to explain complex issues easily, at a glance? Otto Neurath and his team transformed dull and lumpen statistics into appealing visuals. The symbols within the human figures indicate different kinds of profession. elementary: labourers pickers packers cleaners helpers operators: drivers plant machine assemblers skilled trade: retail plumbers electricians carpenters technicians chefs florists service & sales: customer service travel attendants bartenders hairdressers beauticians cashiers personal care professionals: scientists engineers journalists teachers architects designers doctors legal IT managers: chief executives senior officials part-time full-time % of working

25 Workers scale Less detailed, impersonal icons were chosen for the final outcome.

26 Pictograms linked to bars could display both narrative and quantitative information. 100 Larger bar made up a ladder with a space reserved for the icon and a corresponding number. 300

27 Part-time Full-time fewer hours per week or more?

28 let s go for lunch, Zbigniew!

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30 Means of transport Rejected pictogram for car & ferry travel. It would only show part of the journey a car on a ferry, casting away the car voyage from the mainland Europe. ~ 2.5 h ~ 50 h

31 Data concepts

32 Length of stay Source First focus in my research was to demonstrate trends throughout the latest years. A doughnut diagram was a perfect way to show people s planned stay during on a limited space. Subsequently, I allocated data within a span of a year. Colour-code was necessary to distinct shorter and longer lengths of stay.

33 Concepts The doughnut diagram with a single row clearly communicates the percentage of people staying in UK shorter or longer. Length of stay Earnings A disputed visualization for the subject of earnings was introduced. Colour corresponds to occupation, hexagon size is linked to the amount of people, each hexagon stands for 100 earned.

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35 Final outcome

36 References Graphs Migration mapping (p. 10, Table 2) I used the regional key column to map country of origin with UK region of residence and the second column with quantity of migrants in thousands. Employment jul08_clancy.pdf (p. 27, Table 8, A8 column) Data for elementary, process, trade, sales, professional and management occupations. Earnings (p. 19; Figure 11) Intended length of stay (p. 39; Figure 21) The last column for year 2008.