Security Council. Topic B: Protection of Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage from Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime
|
|
- Philippa Evans
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Security Council Topic B: Protection of Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage from Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime Terrorists raise money through the oil trade, extortion, kidnapping for ransom, trafficking of humans and arms, and racketeering. They loot and sell precious cultural property, shamelessly profiting from the destruction of humanity s common heritage. Just as terrorist groups are innovating and diversifying, the international community must stay ahead of the curve to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism. 1 -Ban Ki-Moon, Former United Nations Secretary-General Terrorism is recognized by the international community as one of the gravest threats to international peace and security due to its human and economic costs, as well as its tendency to exacerbate political instability. The exploitation of natural resources and cultural property has increasingly become means by which terrorists finance their activities with devastating effects to the environment and human heritage. Oil, precious metals, minerals, and irreplaceable cultural artifacts are then trafficked by transnational organized criminal groups alongside arms, persons, and drugs. This relationship increases the ability of these groups to operate and prolongs the human suffering that occurs as a result. Combating the financing of terrorism and transnational organized crime (TOC) has long been on the agenda of the Security Council, but has recently acquired a new urgency due to emerging threats. The Security Council, as the primary body for the maintenance of international peace and security, has the responsibility to utilize the tools at its disposal to eradicate financing for terrorist groups. This includes creating partnerships between United Nations bodies, Member States, the private sector, and civil society organizations (CSOs) in order to advance protections for vulnerable natural resources and cultural heritage in order to combat terrorist groups and TOC. 2 Background: Protections for Cultural Property During World War II, the Nazi regime undertook the systematic theft or destruction of millions of cultural artifacts. 3 This prompted the creation of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954), which outlined a number of provisions for ensuring the protection of monuments, works of art, books of historical significance, and 1 Ban Ki-Moon, Threats to International Peace and Security, (speech, New York, December 17, 2016), United Nations Department of Public Information, 2 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2322 (2016), Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, S/RES/2322(2016) (December 12, 2016), 3 Jennifer Otterson Mollick, The Fate of Cultural Property in Wartime: Why it Matters and What Should Be Done, Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, September 17, 2013,
2 other forms of cultural heritage often targeted during armed conflict. It also detailed measures to take in regards to breaches of the convention, including the application of sanctions. 4 Since then, a number of agreements to protect cultural heritage have been negotiated, including the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970), the Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2003). 5 Cultural heritage is often targeted for several reasons. Cultural property can be a valuable form of income for terrorist groups looking to continue and expand their operations; this trend has increased to unprecedented levels within the past decade. Additionally, attacks on cultural heritage exacerbate fragmentations within societies and cement cycles of violence that are hard to break. Finally, cultural cleansing reduces societies abilities to recover from the impacts of terrorism and increases susceptibility to a monoculture of extremism, aiding recruitment efforts. 6 Exploitation of Natural Resources The international community has seen a large increase in international terrorist networks and transnational organized crime in countries experiencing instability. In addition, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has demonstrated a link between violent conflicts, including those involving non-state entities, and natural resource abundance. Precious metals, minerals, timber, cocoa, and oil have been used to finance violent acts across the developing world. 7 For example, terrorist groups and guerrilla movements, in partnership with TOC groups, used the diamond trade not only as a source of income, but also to provide a front for money laundering. The diamond trade, in part, sponsored a number of insurgencies and protracted civil wars in Africa, embassy bombings, and even the September 11 attacks. The Security Council has taken measures in the past to block the use of natural resources to sponsor insurgencies and terrorist acts, but there are no agreements of a similar scope and purpose as the conventions on cultural property. 8 Current Issues: 4 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 5 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2347 (2017), Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, S/RES/2322(2016) (March 24, 2017), 6 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Reinforcement of UNESCO s Action for the Protection of Culture and the Promotion of Cultural Pluralism in the Event of Armed Conflict, 7 United Nations Environment Programme, From Conflict to Peacebuilding: The Role of Natural Resources and the Environment, 8 Global Witness, For a Few Dollars More: How al Qaeda Moved into the Diamond Trade, 2
3 The international community currently faces a diverse number of challenges related to the protection of natural resources and cultural heritage from terrorism and TOC. The following case studies examine some of the most prominent examples, but the Security Council can also take broader actions based on the issues discussed here. Iraq and Syria ISIL is a terrorist organization based in Iraq and Syria, with a network that has financiallydependent affiliates in Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Somalia, Yemen, and Afghanistan. It has also conducted terrorist attacks in Europe and Asia. ISIL earns tens of millions of dollars each month, mainly from extortion of those in the so-called Caliphate and proceeds from oil trafficking. In addition, because oil-related infrastructure has been a major target by the Syrian and Iraqi armies, an increasing share of income comes from looting and smuggling cultural property. 9 While the Security Council has struggled to achieve consensus on how to combat ISIL, a number of steps have been taken to protect the natural resources and cultural heritage of the area occupied by the group. Security Council resolution 2199 created sanctions to prohibit the trading of oil and petroleum derivatives with ISIL, freeze the assets of ISIL and affiliated groups and individuals, and indefinitely suspend the purchase of cultural property from Iraq and Syria. 10 Additionally, Security Council resolution 2253 added a travel ban, expanded the mandate of the Al-Qaeda Sanctions Committee to include ISIL, and called upon Member States to undertake greater information sharing on the implementation of the sanctions. The resolution also noted that many States were not complying with the reporting provisions on oil and cultural property in Security Council Resolution 2199, which is vital to ensuring the protection of natural resources and cultural heritage. 11 The Security Council also adopted resolution 2347, the first to focus specifically on the impacts of terrorism and transnational organized crime on cultural heritage. The resolution calls for cooperation between Member States, the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and INTERPOL to share information on criminal acts against cultural property. 12 Central African Republic The CAR is currently embroiled in an intrastate conflict involving the government and 14 main armed groups, and is host to the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the 9 United Nations Security Council, Fifth report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed by ISIL (Da esh) to international peace and security and the range of United Nations efforts in support of Member States in countering the threat, S/2017/467 (May 31, 2017), 10 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2199 (2015), Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, S/RES/2199(2015) (March 24, 2017), 11 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2253 (2015), Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, S/RES/2253(2015) (March 24, 2017), 12 United Nations Security Council Resolutiom 2347 (2017). 3
4 CAR (MINUSCA). 13 The Security Council has not labeled these armed groups as terrorists, but they have noted the increased vulnerability of the CAR to TOC. Wildlife, gold, and diamonds were all identified as potential means to sponsor arms trafficking and extremism. In response, the Security Council has issued sanctions against individuals in S/RES/2127 (2013) and S/RES/2196 (2015), in part for the poaching of elephants and the illegal mining and trafficking of diamonds in order to sponsor arms acquisition. The resolution also stressed the Kimberley Process (KP), a group of exporting and importing Member States, the private sector, and CSOs dedicated to halting the illicit trade of diamonds. In 2013, KP representatives voted to sanction the export of diamonds from the CAR until it could be verified that proceeds were not funding armed violence. Since then, legal export has resumed from certain regions of the CAR, but concerns remain regarding a trafficking ring that has expanded to Chad and Cameroon. 14 Mali Mali is a country in western Africa that hosts some of the world s most crucial ancient artifacts. Cities, such as Timbuktu, host multiple sites that contain rare items, such as manuscripts dating back to the 12 th century. Over the past several years, Mali has suffered from an internal conflict that has been fought between the national government in the south and a Tuareg nationalist movement seeking an autonomous state in the northern half of the country. However, in recent years, the separatist movement has fractured into multiple radicalized groups that have taken up arms and caused havoc throughout the rural north. 15 In 2012, radicalized militia groups seized the ancient city of Timbuktu and destroyed several mausoleums and mosques, as well as thousands of manuscripts. The incident resulted in the loss of numerous items linked to great cultural significance and historical importance. As a result, the issue was referred to the International Criminal Court (ICC) by the government of Mali after the city was liberated later that year. A number of cases were opened against several individuals connected to issuing orders for the destruction of artifacts in Timbuktu. This marked the first time that the destruction of cultural property was taken up by the ICC and set the precedent of punishing the act as a war crime. 16 Future Outlook: The Security Council must adapt to the numerous ways terrorists and TOC groups are able to exploit natural resources and cultural property. Terrorists are increasingly communicating, 13 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Central African Republic, S/2017/473 (June 2, 2017), 14 Central African Republic to resume diamond exports after 3-year ban, Reuters, June 6, 2016, 15 Destabilization of Mali, Council on Foreign Relations, accessed August 20, 2017, 16 Mali: ICC trial over destruction of cultural property in Timbuktu shows need for broader accountability, Amnesty International, August 22, 2016, 4
5 recruiting, and laundering money through the internet, which will necessitate greater communication and coordination between Member States. Providing guidance for the repatriation of trafficked artifacts, in tandem with the prohibition of the international trade in cultural property from conflict zones, could help with both protection and rehabilitation of cultural heritage. Due to the link between natural resources and armed conflict, the Security Council should explore this nexus and consider ways to reinforce arrangements like the KP. Furthermore, the Security Council has passed a number of sanctions, but fostering partnerships with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), UNESCO, INTERPOL, and other international organizations will be critical to ensuring a holistic response to this issue United Nations Security Council Resolution 2322 (2016). 5
6 Focus Questions: 1. How does your Member State define terrorism and TOC? 2. What types of natural resources and cultural heritage are most vulnerable to exploitation by terrorists and TOC? 3. How can the Security Council work within its mandate to extend additional protections to natural resources and cultural property? 4. Where are there opportunities for linkages between different areas of the UN in regards to this topic? 6
7 Bibliography Amnesty International. Mali: ICC trial over destruction of cultural property in Timbuktu shows need for broader accountability. August 22, Ban, Ki-Moon. Threats to International Peace and Security. Speech, New York, December 17, United Nations Department of Public Information. Central African Republic to resume diamond exports after 3-year ban. Reuters, June 6, Council on Foreign Relations. Destabilization of Mali. accessed on August 20, Global Witness. For a Few Dollars More: How al Qaeda Moved into the Diamond Trade. Accessed on August 26, Human Rights Watch. World Report 2012: Nigeria. Accessed on August 29, Mollick, Jennifer Otterson. The Fate of Cultural Property in Wartime: Why it Matters and What Should Be Done. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, September 17, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. Accessed on August 25, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Reinforcement of UNESCO s Action for the Protection of Culture and the Promotion of Cultural Pluralism in the Event of Armed Conflict. Accessed on August 26, United Nations Environment Programme. From Conflict to Peacebuilding: The Role of Natural Resources and the Environment. Accessed on August 26,
8 United Nations Security Council. Fifth report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed by ISIL (Da esh) to international peace and security and the range of United Nations efforts in support of Member States in countering the threat. S/2017/467 (May 31, 2017). United Nations Security Council. Report of the Secretary-General on the Central African Republic. S/2017/473 (June 2, 2017). United Nations Security Council Resolution 2199 (2015). Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. S/RES/2199(2015) (March 24, 2017). United Nations Security Council Resolution 2322 (2016). Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. S/RES/2322(2016) (December 12, 2016). United Nations Security Council Resolution 2347 (2017). Maintenance of international peace and security. S/RES/2347(2017) (March 24, 2017). United Nations Security Council Resolution 2349 (2017). Peace and security in Africa. S/RES/2349(2017) (March 24, 2017), 8
PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE
PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE AN IMPERATIVE FOR HUMANITY ACTING TOGETHER AGAINST DESTRUCTION AND TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY BY TERRORIST AND ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS United Nations 22 September 2016
More informationFifth session Paris, UNESCO Headquarters, Room XI May Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Actions taken by UNESCO s Partners
5 SC C70/17/5.SC/INF4 Paris, April 2017 Original: English Limited Distribution Fifth Session of the Subsidiary Committee of the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and
More informationSECRETARIAT S REPORT ON ITS ACTIVITIES (OCTOBER MAY 2017)
SECRETARIAT S REPORT ON ITS ACTIVITIES (OCTOBER 2016 - MAY 2017) Fifth Session of the Subsidiary Committee of the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention concerning the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing
More informationEU response to the illicit trade in cultural goods
EU response to the illicit trade in cultural goods May 2018 Chiara Bellani European Commission Directorate General for Education, Youth, Sport and 1. EU competence Supporting in the field of culture Art.
More informationStatement of Mr. Vladimir Voronkov, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism
Statement of Mr. Vladimir Voronkov, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism Security Council meeting on "Threats to international peace and security from terrorist acts:
More informationFollowing the Money to Combat Terrorism, Crime and Corruption
Following the Money to Combat Terrorism, Crime and Corruption ACAMS Houston Chapter April 19, 2017 Celina B. Realuyo Professor of Practice William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, National
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 7611th meeting, on
United Nations S/RES/2262 (2016) Security Council Distr.: General 27 January 2016 Resolution 2262 (2016) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7611th meeting, on 27 January 2016 The Security Council,
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 7366th meeting, on 22 January 2015
United Nations S/RES/2196 (2015)* Security Council Distr.: General 22 January 2015 Resolution 2196 (2015) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7366th meeting, on 22 January 2015 The Security Council,
More informationREGIONAL PROGRAMME TO COMBAT CRIMINAL & TERRORIST THREATS AND STRENGTHEN CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON
REGIONAL PROGRAMME TO COMBAT CRIMINAL & TERRORIST THREATS AND STRENGTHEN CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ARAB STATES 2016-2021 DEVELOPMENT
More informationHigh School Model United Nations 2009
GA IV (SPECPOL) The Question of Stewardship of Natural Resources in Conflict OVERVIEW The question of stewardship of natural resources in conflict extends far beyond the concept of sustainability. Mismanagement
More information1267 and 1988 Committees Monitoring Team. CCW - Geneva, 2 April 2014
1267 and 1988 Committees Monitoring Team CCW - Geneva, 2 April 2014 1 UNDERSTANDING THE UN SANCTIONS REGIMES 2 Current Sanctions Regimes There are currently in place 15 sanctions regimes adopted by the
More informationJoint open briefing for interested Member States, international, regional and subregional organizations on Central Asia
Joint open briefing for interested Member States, international, regional and subregional organizations on Central Asia Counter-Terrorism Committee 1267 and 1988 Sanctions Committees Monday, 2 July 2018
More informationTEXTS ADOPTED Provisional edition. Destruction of cultural sites perpetrated by ISIS/Da'esh
European Parliament 204-209 TEXTS ADOPTED Provisional edition P8_TA-PROV(205)079 Destruction of cultural sites perpetrated by ISIS/Da'esh European Parliament resolution of 30 April 205 on the destruction
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 7598th meeting, on
United Nations S/RES/2259 (2015) Security Council Distr.: General 23 December 2015 Resolution 2259 (2015) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7598th meeting, on 23 December 2015 The Security Council,
More informationSLOVAKIA. I. Information on the implementation of the UNESCO Convention of Ratification of the Convention
SLOVAKIA NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1970 CONVENTION ON THE MEANS OF PROHIBITING AND PREVENTING THE ILLICIT IMPORT, EXPORT AND TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP OF CULTURAL PROPERTY 2011 2015 Report
More informationFHSMUN 36 GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOURTH COMMITTEE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SPECIAL POLITICAL MISSIONS Author: Brian D. Sutliff
Introduction FHSMUN 36 GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOURTH COMMITTEE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SPECIAL POLITICAL MISSIONS Author: Brian D. Sutliff While UN peacekeeping missions generate the greatest press and criticism
More informationA/CONF.192/BMS/2016/WP.1/Rev.3
A/CONF.192/BMS/2016/WP.1/Rev.3 10 June 2016 Original: English Sixth Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade
More informationGA 3. Haganum Model United Nations Gymnasium Haganum, The Hague Research Reports PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN TIMES OF WAR
Haganum Model United Nations 2016 4th of March 6th of March 2016 Haganum Model United Nations Gymnasium Haganum, The Hague Research Reports GA 3 PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN TIMES OF WAR 4 th, 5 th
More informationI. Information on the implementation of the UNESCO Convention of 1970 (with reference to its provisions)
Paris, Ref: CL/4102 Report by Sweden on the implementation of 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property I. Information
More informationBoko Haram I. Background Boko Haram is an islamic terrorist group that is primarily ran out of Nigeria and is also
Boko Haram I. Background Boko Haram is an islamic terrorist group that is primarily ran out of Nigeria and is also active within Chad, Niger, and northern Cameroon. The terrorist group is currently working
More informationSTRATEGY FOR NORWAY S EFFORTS IN THE SAHEL REGION
STRATEGY FOR NORWAY S EFFORTS IN THE SAHEL REGION 2018-2020 Introduction... 3 1 The main challenges and causes of conflict in the region... 3 2 Why do we need a Sahel strategy?... 4 3 Strategic goals...
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 4 May 2012 Original: English Expert group on protection against trafficking in cultural property Vienna, 27-29 June 2012 Item 2 (b) of the provisional
More informationThe Role of Diamonds in Fueling Armed Conflict.
The Role of Diamonds in Fueling Armed Conflict. Introduction As early as 1998, the United Nations (UN) concerned itself with the problem of conflict diamonds and their role in financing armed conflict.
More informationConcept note. Open briefing of the Counter-Terrorism Committee on the nexus between international terrorism and transnational organized crime
Concept note Open briefing of the Counter-Terrorism on the nexus between international terrorism and transnational organized crime I. Background United Nations Headquarters, New York; Conference Room 3
More informationAddress by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the visit to the Flemish Parliament
Address by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the visit to the Flemish Parliament A New Multilateralism to Tackle New Challenges Brussels, 9 June 2016 The Honourable Mr Jan Peumans,
More informationEU's response to illicit trade in cultural goods
EU's response to illicit trade in cultural goods 18 May 2017 Anna Kędziorek Ramirez 1. EU competence Supporting in the field of culture Shared in the field of internal market Directive 2014/60 of 15 May
More informationTHE ISLAMIC STATE AND ITS HUMAN TRAFFICKING PRACTICE
THE ISLAMIC STATE AND ITS HUMAN TRAFFICKING PRACTICE 24-25. 10. 2017 Colonel János Besenyő, PhD. Contents 1. Human trafficking across the Middle East 2. Basic motivations towards human trafficking 3. Financial
More informationWHC-12/36.COM/INF.5A.1
World Heritage 36 COM WHC-12/36.COM/INF.5A.1 Paris, 11 May 2012 Original: English / French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD
More informationEuropean Parliament resolution of 17 January 2013 on the situation in the Central African Republic (2013/2514(RSP))
P7_TA-PROV(2013)0033 Situation in the Central African Republic European Parliament resolution of 17 January 2013 on the situation in the Central African Republic (2013/2514(RSP)) The European Parliament,
More informationCOSTA RICA. I. Information on the implementation of the UNESCO Convention of 1970
Report on the application of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property COSTA RICA I. Information on the implementation
More informationILLICIT TRADE IN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS: STRONGER TOGETHER?
ILLICIT TRADE IN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS: STRONGER TOGETHER? The way forward UNESCO s actions to prevent illicit trade Oslo, Norway 2-3 December 2015 UNESCO Culture Conventions 2 INTERPOL For official use only
More informationBriefings by the Chairs of the Security Council subsidiary bodies. H.E. Mr. Gustavo Meza-Cuadra Velásquez Chair of the Counter-Terrorism Committee
Briefings by the Chairs of the Security Council subsidiary bodies Statement of H.E. Mr. Gustavo Meza-Cuadra Velásquez Chair of the Counter-Terrorism Committee United Nations Headquarters, New York, Wednesday,
More informationYale University, New Haven, 11 April, 2016
Address by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the Global Colloqium of University Presidents Preservation of Cultural Heritage : Challenges and Strategies hosted by Yale University
More informationRoma Lyon Group s First Report on the Implementation of the G7 Action Plan on Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism
Roma Lyon Group s First Report on the Implementation of the G7 Action Plan on Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism Introduction At the Ise Shima Summit in 2016, the G7 Heads of State and Government
More informationUNIÃO AFRICANA P.O. Box: 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel.: (251-11) Fax: (251-11)
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA P.O. Box: 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel.: (251-11) 551 38 22 Fax: (251-11) 551 93 21 Email: situationroom@africa-union.org PEACE AND SECURITY COUNCIL 571
More informationMeasures to prevent the recruitment and radicalization of young persons by international terrorist groups
2018 Peacebuilding Commission Measures to prevent the recruitment and radicalization of young persons by international terrorist groups 1 Index Introduction... 3 Definition of key-terms... 4 General Overview...
More informationFifth session UNESCO Headquarters, room XI May Point 4B of the provisional agenda: Secretariat s report on its activities
5 SC C70/17/5.SC/4B Paris, April 2017 Original: FR and EN Limited distribution Fifth Session of the Subsidiary Committee of the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention concerning the Means of Prohibiting
More informationPEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF THE UN POLICE
United Nations Chiefs of Police Summit 20-21 June 2018 UNCOPS Background Note for Session 1 PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF THE UN POLICE United Nations peacekeeping today stands at a crossroads.
More informationIssue: Strengthening measures regarding international security as a way of combating transnational organized crimes
Forum: United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime Issue: Strengthening measures regarding international security as a way of combating transnational organized crimes Student Officer: Yin Lett Win Position:
More informationTerrorism in Africa: Challenges and perspectives
African Training and Research Centre in Administration for Development Hanns Seidel Foundation The Governance of National Security: Challenges and Prospects New Strategies to Address Growing Security Threats
More informationResearch Report. Leiden Model United Nations 2015 ~ fresh ideas, new solutions ~
Forum: Issue: Student Officer: Position: General Assembly First Committee: Disarmament and International Security Foreign combatants in internal militarised conflicts Ethan Warren Deputy Chair Introduction
More informationFinland's response
European Commission Directorate-General for Home Affairs Unit 3 - Police cooperation and relations with Europol and CEPOL B - 1049 Brussels Finland's response to European Commission's Public Consultation
More information31/ Effects of terrorism on the enjoyment of all human rights
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: Limited 23 March 2016 A/HRC/31/L.13/Rev.1 Original: English Human Rights Council Thirty-first session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights,
More informationOrganization of American States OAS Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission CICAD. Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism MEM.
Organization of American States OAS Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission CICAD Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism MEM Colombia 2009 EVALUATION OF PROGRESS IN DRUG CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS
More informationTransnational Organized Crime Manuel Eising, Policy & Co-ordination Officer OSCE Transnational Threats Department
Transnational Organized Crime Manuel Eising, Policy & Co-ordination Officer OSCE Transnational Threats Department Overview - Introduction to the Problem - Legal Definitions - International Responses to
More informationPrevention and Fight Against Illicit Traffic of Cultural Goods in Southern Africa
Prevention and Fight Against Illicit Traffic of Cultural Goods in Southern Africa Current Situation and Way Forward 14 and 15 September 2011 Safari Hotel, Windhoek, Namibia UNESCOS ACTION IN THE FIGHT
More informationCONCERN AT POTENTIAL RISKS POSED BY THE FORTHCOMING
CTED TRENDS ALERT July 2018 CONCERN AT POTENTIAL RISKS POSED BY THE FORTHCOMING RELEASE OF IMPRISONED FTFs OVERVIEW The present Trends Alert was prepared by CTED in accordance with Security Council resolution
More informationInternational Legal Framework on Counter-Terrorism As applicable to Pakistan
International Legal Framework on Counter-Terrorism As applicable to Pakistan Mr. Jamal Aziz, Executive Director, RSIL Mr. Fahd Qaisrani, Research Associate, RSIL Day 3 Wednesday, 19 July 2017 What is
More informationSpain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America: draft resolution
United Nations Security Council Provisional 19 May 2003 Original: English Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America: draft resolution The Security Council,
More informationResolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December [on the report of the Third Committee (A/69/489)]
United Nations A/RES/69/196 General Assembly Distr.: General 26 January 2015 Sixty-ninth session Agenda item 105 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 [on the report of the Third
More informationSmall Arms. Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects
Small Arms REVIEW CONFERENCE 2006 United Nations A/CONF.192/15 Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects I. Preamble 1. We,
More informationPART ONE. Political and security questions
PART ONE Political and security questions Chapter I International peace and security Peacekeeping, peacebuilding in post-conflict countries and counter-terrorism strategies were among the key challenges
More informationCULTURAL PROTECTION FUND
CULTURAL PROTECTION FUND Museums Association Conference & Exhibition 2016 Nation builders or breakers Stephen Stenning Director Culture & Development British Council - Founded in 1930 s to create friendly
More informationMEASURES FOR PROTECTION OF CULTURAL OBJECTS AND THE ISSUE OF THEIR ILLICIT TRAFFICKING
Committee: UNESCO MEASURES FOR PROTECTION OF CULTURAL OBJECTS AND THE ISSUE OF THEIR ILLICIT TRAFFICKING I. INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC Protection of cultural objects in the world is an increasingly important
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 7317th meeting, on 20 November 2014
United Nations S/RES/2185 (2014) Security Council Distr.: General 20 November 2014 Resolution 2185 (2014) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7317th meeting, on 20 November 2014 The Security Council,
More informationAddressing Emerging Terrorist Threats and the Role of UNODC
Addressing Emerging Terrorist Threats and the Role of UNODC Ms. Dolgor Solongo, Officer-in-Charge, ISS1 (Asia and Europe)/ Terrorism Prevention Branch 14 April 2015 Terrorism Evolving Global Threat Terrorism
More informationUNODC/CCPCJ/EG.1/2014/3
Distr.: General 24 January 2014 Original: English Report on the meeting of the expert group on protection against trafficking in cultural property held in Vienna from 15 to 17 January 2014 I. Introduction
More informationUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Executive Board
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Executive Board ex Hundred and sixty-second Session 162 EX/14 PARIS, 2001 Original: English Item 3.5.1 of the provisional agenda PROTECTION
More informationWorldwide Caution: Annotated
Worldwide Caution: Annotated Terrorism 9/14/2017 On September 14, 2017, the U.S. Department of State s Bureau of Consular Affairs released an updated version of its Worldwide Caution. This report is an
More information7. The Group welcomes the theme for this Congress, entitled: Integrating Crime prevention and criminal justice into the wider United Nations agenda to
Statement of the G-77 and China during the 13th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Doha, Qatar, 12-19 April 2015 - delivered by H.E. Ambassador Evandro DE SAMPAIO DIDONET, Permanent
More information3 MSP. C70/15/3.MSP/RESOLUTIONS Paris, May 2015 Original English/ French. Limited distribution
3 MSP C70/15/3.MSP/RESOLUTIONS Paris, May 2015 Original English/ French Limited distribution Meeting of States Parties to the UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import,
More information1267/1989/2253 ISIL (Da esh) & Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee - Monitoring Team
1267/1989/2253 IIL (Da esh) & Al-Qaida anctions Committee - Monitoring Team United Nations ecurity Council Action Against Terrorist Revenue Generation Via Looting and muggling of Antiquities Paris: 29
More informationNatural Resources and Conflict
20 June 2007 No. 2 Natural Resources and Conflict Expected Council Action On 25 June the Security Council will hold an open debate on the relationship between natural resources and conflict, an initiative
More information13647/1/15 REV 1 MM/lv 1 DG E - 1C
Council of the European Union Brussels, 12 November 2015 (OR. en) 13647/1/15 REV 1 CULT 78 RELEX 873 UD 213 NOTE From: To: General Secretariat of the Council Permanent Representatives Committee/Council
More informationMr. President, On behalf of the Nigerian delegation, I wish to congratulate you on your election as President of the first Review Conference of the UN
PERMANENT MISSION OF NIGERIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS 828 SECOND AVENUE NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017» TEL. (212) 953-9130 -FAX (212) 69'7-1970 Please check against delivery STATEMENT BY AMBASSADOR SIMEON A. ADEKANYE
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 6557th meeting, on 17 June 2011*
United Nations S/RES/1988 (2011)* Security Council Distr.: General 17 June 2011 Resolution 1988 (2011) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6557th meeting, on 17 June 2011* The Security Council, Recalling
More informationG8 Declaration on Counter Terrorism
G8 Declaration on Counter Terrorism Now is the time for a new era of international cooperation that strengthens old partnerships and builds new ones to confront our common challenges and to defeat terrorism
More informationIMPORTANCE OF PREVENTING CONFLICT THROUGH DEVELOPMENT,
PRESS RELEASE SECURITY COUNCIL SC/8710 28 APRIL 2006 IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTING CONFLICT THROUGH DEVELOPMENT, DEMOCRACY STRESSED, AS SECURITY COUNCIL UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTS RESOLUTION 1674 (2006) 5430th Meeting
More informationEnvironmental Crime and Civilization: Identification; Impacts; Threats and Rapid Response June 2018
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 79 Number 79 Fall 2018 Article 3 10-2018 Environmental Crime and Civilization: Identification; Impacts; Threats and Rapid Response June 2018 Lynn Rhodes Follow this
More informationUnited Nations integrated strategy for the Sahel
United Nations integrated strategy for the Sahel The United Nations integrated strategy for the Sahel is built around three broad areas of support formulated as strategic goals and organized according
More informationThe nexus between human trafficking and terrorism
The nexus between human trafficking and terrorism Open briefing of the Counter-Terrorism Committee on The nexus between international terrorism and transnational organized crime Monday, 8 October 2018,
More informationModel United Nations College of Charleston November 3-4, 2017
Model United Nations College of Charleston November 3-4, 2017 Special Security Committee on Transnational Organized Crime, General Assembly of the United Nations, Draft Resolution for Committee Consideration
More informationCOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 29 October /09 JAIEX 79 RELEX 981 ASIM 114 CATS 112 JUSTCIV 224 USA 93 NOTE
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 29 October 2009 15184/09 JAIEX 79 RELEX 981 ASIM 114 CATS 112 JUSTCIV 224 USA 93 NOTE from : to : Subject : Presidency Delegations EU-US Statement on "Enhancing
More informationCAC/COSP/2018/CRP.9 * * 28 August English only V (E) CAC/COSP/IRG/2018/1/Add.1.
28 August 2018 English only Implementation Review Group First resumed ninth session Vienna, 3 5 September 2018 Item 6 of the provisional agenda * Other matters Summary of the President of the General Assembly
More informationAddis Ababa, Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 3243 Tel.: (251-11) Fax: (251-11)
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 3243 Tel.: (251-11) 5513 822 Fax: (251-11) 5519 321 Email: situationroom@africa-union.org PEACE AND SECURITY COUNCIL 749 TH
More informationGeneral Assembly 3 (SOCHUM) Kai-Si Claire Tsuei & Isaac Wu
Forum: Issue: Chair: General Assembly 3 (SOCHUM) Safeguarding the Cultural Heritage of Different Communities Kai-Si Claire Tsuei & Isaac Wu Introduction Culture is defined as the customs, arts, social
More information"Ensuring lasting protection against destruction and deterioration for the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of humanity "
19/10/2015 "Ensuring lasting protection against destruction and deterioration for the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of humanity " Preparatory meeting in Geneva Summary of the working paper
More informationCountering Illicit Arms Trafficking and its Links to Terrorism and Other Serious Crime UNODC s Global Firearms Programme
Countering Illicit Arms Trafficking and its Links to Terrorism and Other Serious Crime UNODC s Global Firearms Programme «Preventing Terrorists from Acquiring Weapons» Briefing to Member States organized
More informationUNICRI role and contribution to the fight against the world drug problem: a criminal justice perspective 1
CONTRIBUTION FROM THE UNITED NATIONS INTERREGIONAL CRIME AND JUSTICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE TO THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPECIAL SESSION ON THE WORLD DRUG PROBLEM FOR 2016. UNICRI role and contribution
More informationTwelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
United Nations A/CONF.213/L.6/Rev.2 Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Salvador, Brazil, 12-19 April 2010 Distr.: Limited 18 April 2010 Original: English Agenda items
More informationPROGRAMME OF THE ITALIAN OSCE CHAIRMANSHIP 2018 DIALOGUE, OWNERSHIP, RESPONSIBILITY
PROGRAMME OF THE ITALIAN OSCE CHAIRMANSHIP 2018 DIALOGUE, OWNERSHIP, RESPONSIBILITY Strengthening multilateralism, as an instrument to relaunch the Spirit of Helsinki and to further promote peace, security,
More informationAgreement on counter-terrorism measures
10/12/2015 Agreement on counter-terrorism measures We stand united in the fight against terrorism. Accountability and cooperation are required if the population of Sweden are to feel safe and secure. Having
More informationRole of Security Sector and Civil Society in Responding to and Preventing VE
Role of Security Sector and Civil Society in Responding to and Preventing VE Security Governance Initiative Partners Seminar Accra, Ghana; 13 th December, 2017 Motivations, Commitments, Interests and profiles
More informationAddress by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the Global Consortium for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Address by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the Global Consortium for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage Bocconi University, Milan, 25 September, 2017 Dear Francesco Billari,
More informationBRIEFING: MANDATE AND ACTIVTIES DIRECTORATE FOR PRIORITY CRIME INVESTIGATION(DPCI): 17 SEPTEMBER 2014
BRIEFING: MANDATE AND ACTIVTIES DIRECTORATE FOR PRIORITY CRIME INVESTIGATION(DPCI): 17 SEPTEMBER 2014 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND MANDATE DECLARED PRIORITIES DPCI OPERATING MODEL
More informationOutline of Presentation
Challenges in combating human trafficking and exploitation from the perspective of international law and human rights, law enforcement and African Union institutions International Conference on Human Trafficking
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 5907th meeting, on 11 June 2008
United Nations S/RES/1817 (2008) Security Council Distr.: General 11 June 2008 Resolution 1817 (2008) Adopted by the Security Council at its 5907th meeting, on 11 June 2008 The Security Council, Recalling
More informationREPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT ON ITS ACTIVITIES
REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT ON ITS ACTIVITIES FOR THE FOURTH SESSION OF THE SUBSIDIARY COMMITTEE OF THE MEETING OF STATE PARTIES TO THE 1970 CONVENTION ON THE MEANS OF PROHIBITNG AND PREVENTING THE ILLICIT
More informationNMUN NY 2015 CONFERENCE A
NMUN NY 2015 CONFERENCE A National Model United Nations New York 22-26 March 2015 (Conf. A) Documentation of the Work of the Security Council C (SC-C) Security Council C (SC-C) Committee Staff Director
More informationThe Future of Intra-state Conflict in Africa More violence or greater peace?
The Future of Intra-state Conflict in Africa More violence or greater peace? Jakkie Cilliers & Julia Schünnemann Institute for Security Studies (www.issafrica.org) Using the International Futures system
More informationPreventing violent extremism through youth empowerment
Forum: Issue: Human Rights Council Preventing violent extremism through youth empowerment Student Officer: Nayoon Park Position: Deputy President Introduction Violent extremism is a practice that involves
More informationConfronting the Terror Finance Challenge in Today s Middle East
AP PHOTO/MANU BRABO Confronting the Terror Finance Challenge in Today s Middle East By Hardin Lang, Peter Juul, and Trevor Sutton November 2015 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Introduction and summary In the
More informationQuestions and answers on the EU Action Plan against Wildlife Trafficking
EUROPEAN COMMISSION MEMO Brussels, 26 February 2016 Questions and answers on the EU Action Plan against Wildlife Trafficking Today the European Commission adopted an EU Action Plan to crack down wildlife
More informationUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (May 2014-April 2015)
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (May 2014-April 2015) UNODC assists the African Union in the implementation of its Drug Control Plan 2013-2018. UNODC has expanded its cooperation with
More informationSecurity Council. United Nations S/RES/2056 (2012) Resolution 2056 (2012) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6798th meeting, on 5 July 2012
United Nations S/RES/2056 (2012) Security Council Distr.: General 5 July 2012 Resolution 2056 (2012) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6798th meeting, on 5 July 2012 The Security Council, Recalling
More informationNATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
FINLAND NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1970 CONVENTION ON THE MEANS OF PROHIBITING AND PREVENTING THE ILLICIT IMPORT, EXPORT AND TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP OF CULTURAL PROPERTY 2011-2015 FINLAND
More informationAFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA P.O.Box 3243, Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA Tel.: (251-1) 51 38 22 Fax: (251-1) 51 93 21 Email: oau-ews@telecom.net.et AFRICAN UNION HIGH-LEVEL INTER-GOVERNMENTAL MEETING
More informationTHE ARMS TRADE TREATY AND
All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that
More informationWCAML Forum. The Challenges of Terrorist Financing in 2014 and Beyond. May 7, Dennis M. Lormel President & CEO DML Associates, LLC
The Challenges of Terrorist Financing in 2014 and Beyond May 7, 2014 Dennis M. Lormel President & CEO DML Associates, LLC Al-Qaeda s Most Dangerous Member: Nasir al-wuhayshi 2 Terrorist Threats 2014 Introduction
More informationStatement by H.E.Mr. Luís Filipe Tavares, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Communities. of the Republic of Cabo Verde.
Statement by H.E.Mr. Luís Filipe Tavares, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Communities of the Republic of Cabo Verde on the occasion 71 st Session of United Nations General Assembly New York, 26 th September
More information