Poverty and Inequality
|
|
- Tamsyn Wilkinson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Poverty and Inequality Sherif Khalifa Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 1 / 44
2 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 2 / 44
3 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 3 / 44
4 Definition Income inequality is the disproportionate distribution of total national income among households. All Rich Poor Income $1000 $900 $100 Population Income per capita $10 $90 $1.1 Income $1100 $1000 $100 Population Income per capita $11 $100 $1.1 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 4 / 44
5 If income growth is generated by the rich, they would appropriate it, progress against povert would slow and inequality would worsen. If income growth is generated by the poor, they would be its principal beneficiaries and the fruits of economc growth would be shared more evenly. Developing countries discovered that economic growth brought little benefits to the poor. The elimination of widespread povert and income inequality are at the core of all development problems. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 5 / 44
6 Personal Distribution Definition Personal distribution of income is the share of the total income accruing to the poorest specific percentage or the richest specific percentage of a population without reagrd to the sources of that income. It deals with individuals and the total incomes they receive, regardless of the source. Arrange all individuals by ascending personal incomes. Divide the total population into quintiles (20% of the population) or deciles (10% of the population). Determine what proportion of the total national income accrue to each income group. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 6 / 44
7 Personal Distribution Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 7 / 44
8 Personal Distribution income received by top 20% Kuznets ratio = income received by bottom 40% = 51% 14% = 3.64 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 8 / 44
9 Lorenz Curve Definition The Lorenz curve is a graph depicting the variance of the size distribution of income from perfect equality. The horizontal axis shows the number of income recipients in cumulative percentages. The vertical axis shows the share of total income received by each percentage of population. The curve shows the actual quantitative relationship between the percentage of income they receive during a year. The diagonal line is representative of perfect equality in size distribution of income. The more the Lorenz curve is away from the diagonal, the greater the degree of inequality represented. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 9 / 44
10 Lorenz Curve Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 10 / 44
11 Lorenz Curve Individuals A B 1 $1 $0.5 2 $2 $1.5 3 $4 $2 4 $5 $3 5 $7 $5 6 $10 $7 7 $11 $8 8 $15 $10 9 $20 $15 10 $25 $48 Total $100 $100 Cumulative A B 10% 1% 0.5% 20% 3% 2% 30% 7% 4% 40% 12% 7% 50% 19% 12% 60% 29% 19% 70% 40% 27% 80% 55% 37% 90% 75% 52% 100% 100% 100% Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 11 / 44
12 Lorenz Curve 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% % of income 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of income recipients Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 12 / 44
13 Lorenz Curve 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% % of income 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of income recipients Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 13 / 44
14 Lorenz Curve 100% 90% 80% 70% A 60% 50% % of income 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of income recipients Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 14 / 44
15 Lorenz Curve 100% 90% 80% 70% A 60% 50% % of income 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of income recipients Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 15 / 44
16 Lorenz Curve 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% A B 50% % of income 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of income recipients Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 16 / 44
17 Lorenz Curve Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 17 / 44
18 Lorenz Curve Whenever one Lorenz curve intersects another, it is diffi cult to determine which economy has an income distribution that is more equal. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 18 / 44
19 Gini Coeffi cient Definition The Gini coeffi cient can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the area between the diagonal line and the Lorenz curve divided by the total area of the half-square in which the curve lies. The higher the value of the coeffi cient is, the higher the inequality of income distribution; the lower it is, the more equal the distribution of income. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 19 / 44
20 Gini Coeffi cient Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 20 / 44
21 Functional Distribution Definition Functional or factor share distribution of income attempts to explain the share of total national income that each of the factors of production receives. The functional distribution of income is the distribution of income to factors of production without regard to the ownership of the factors. Definition Factors of production are resources or inputs required to produce a good or a service, such as land, labor and capital. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 21 / 44
22 Functional Distribution Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 22 / 44
23 Functional Distribution Wage Labor Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 23 / 44
24 Functional Distribution Wage Labor Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 24 / 44
25 Functional Distribution Wage Supply Demand Labor Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 25 / 44
26 Functional Distribution Wage Supply Demand Labor Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 26 / 44
27 Functional Distribution Wage Supply Wage 1 0 Demand Labor Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 27 / 44
28 Functional Distribution 12 Wage Supply Profit Wage 1 0 Demand Labor Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 28 / 44
29 Functional Distribution Wage = 4 (4) = $16 ( ) 1 Profit = (4) (8) = $16 2 Income = Wage + Profit = = $32 Income share of workers = = 1 2 Income share of capitalists = = 1 2 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 29 / 44
30 The higher the inequality the smaller the fraction of the population that qualifies for credit to educate their children or expand business. With high inequality, the rate of saving tends to be low because the highest rate of marginal savings is found among the middle class. The rich spend their incomes on imported luxury goods, and send their savings abroad. Income disparities undermine social stability and solidarity. Income inequality strengthens the political power of the rich and hence their economic bargaining power. Inequality may lead the poor to support populist policies which can set back development progress. Extreme inequality has an adverse impact on incentives. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 30 / 44
31 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 31 / 44
32 Kuznet s Curve Definition The Kuznets curve is a graph reflecting the relationship between a countrys income per capita and its inequality of income distribution. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 32 / 44
33 Kuznet s Curve Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 33 / 44
34 Kuznet s Curve Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 34 / 44
35 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 35 / 44
36 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 36 / 44
37 Absolute Poverty Definition Absolute poverty is the situation of being unable or only barely able to meet the subsistence essentials of food, clothing and shelter. Definition The extent of absolute poverty is the number of people who are unable to command suffi cient resources to satisfy basic needs. They are counted as the total number living below a specified minimum level of real income known as an international poverty line. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 37 / 44
38 Absolute Poverty Definition The headcount index is the proportion of a country s population living below the poverty line. Head count index = H N H: head count of those whose incomes fall below the absolute poverty line. N: total population. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 38 / 44
39 Absolute Poverty Definition Total poverty gap measures the total amount of income necessary to raise everyone who is below the poverty line up to that line. Total poverty gap is the sum of the difference between the poverty line and actual income levels of all people living below that line. Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 39 / 44
40 Absolute Poverty Y i : income of the i th person. Y p : poverty line. N: population. Total poverty gap: Average poverty gap: TPG = H (Y p Y i ) i=1 APG = TPG N Average income shortfall tells us the average amount by which the income of a poor person falls below poverty line: AIS = TPG H Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 40 / 44
41 Absolute Poverty Individuals Country A Country B H/N 4 4 TPG APG 4 = 65 4 = AIS 3 = = 250 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 41 / 44
42 Absolute Poverty Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 42 / 44
43 Absolute Poverty Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 43 / 44
44 Absolute Poverty Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 44 / 44
Poverty and Inequality
Poverty and Inequality Sherif Khalifa Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 1 / 50 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 2 / 50 Sherif Khalifa () Poverty and Inequality 3 / 50 Definition Income inequality
More informationOutline: Poverty, Inequality, and Development
1 Poverty, Inequality, and Development Outline: Measurement of Poverty and Inequality Economic characteristics of poverty groups Why is inequality a problem? Relationship between growth and inequality
More informationPoverty and Inequality
Chapter 4 Poverty and Inequality Problems and Policies: Domestic After completing this chapter, you will be able to 1. Measure poverty across countries using different approaches and explain how poverty
More information19 ECONOMIC INEQUALITY. Chapt er. Key Concepts. Economic Inequality in the United States
Chapt er 19 ECONOMIC INEQUALITY Key Concepts Economic Inequality in the United States Money income equals market income plus cash payments to households by the government. Market income equals wages, interest,
More informationPoverty, Inequality, and Development
5 Poverty, Inequality, and Development No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which by far the greater part of the numbers are poor and miserable. Adam Smith, 1776 We will spare no effort to
More informationINEQUALITY AND POVERTY
INEQUALITY AND POVERTY DRAKE HIGH SCHOOL MAY 8, 2017 OUTLINE Income inequality Define it Measure it How does it happen? Why it matters What to do about it Poverty Define it Measure it How does it happen?
More informationCH 19. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: CH 19 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. In the United States, the poorest 20 percent of the household receive approximately
More informationAQA Economics A-level
AQA Economics A-level Microeconomics Topic 7: Distribution of Income and Wealth, Poverty and Inequality 7.1 The distribution of income and wealth Notes Distinction between wealth and income inequality
More informationEdexcel (A) Economics A-level
Edexcel (A) Economics A-level Theme 4: A Global Perspective 4.2 Poverty and Inequality 4.2.2 Inequality Notes Distinction between wealth and income inequality Wealth is defined as a stock of assets, such
More informationChapter 5 Poverty, Inequality, and Development
Chapter 5 Poverty, Inequality, and Development Background Extreme poverty remains widespread in the developing world. More than 1.2 billion people live on less than $1 per day at PPP, More than 2.8 billion,
More informationINCOME INEQUALITY INTA 2050
INCOME INEQUALITY INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FALL 2014 Last class questions In the Duflo and Banerjee reading, was there anything that you found surprising about how the poor live? If so,
More informationChapter 1 ( ) The Capitalist Revolution Tue.
2016 Q2 B Chapter 1 (1.9-1.16) The Capitalist Revolution 2016.06.21 Tue. 1.9 Capitalism as an Economic System Ø Capitalism is an economic system that combines decentralisation with centralisation. Capitalism
More informationGlobal Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now An Overview. Branko Milanovic
Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now An Overview. Branko Milanovic Usually inequality looked at within a state (for govt program access e.g.) Also, across countries (the poor, the
More informationRewriting the Rules of the Market Economy to Achieve Shared Prosperity. Joseph E. Stiglitz New York June 2016
Rewriting the Rules of the Market Economy to Achieve Shared Prosperity Joseph E. Stiglitz New York June 2016 Enormous growth in inequality Especially in US, and countries that have followed US model Multiple
More informationGrowth and Poverty Reduction: An Empirical Analysis Nanak Kakwani
Growth and Poverty Reduction: An Empirical Analysis Nanak Kakwani Abstract. This paper develops an inequality-growth trade off index, which shows how much growth is needed to offset the adverse impact
More informationWelfare, inequality and poverty
97 Rafael Guerreiro Osório Inequality and Poverty Welfare, inequality and poverty in 12 Latin American countries Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru,
More informationChapter 10. Resource Markets and the Distribution of Income. Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10 Resource Markets and the Distribution of Income Resource markets differ from markets for consumer goods in several key ways First, the demand for resources comes from firms producing goods and
More informationL8: Inequality, Poverty and Development: The Evidence
L8: Inequality, Poverty and Development: The Evidence Dilip Mookherjee Ec320 Lecture 8, Boston University Sept 25, 2014 DM (BU) 320 Lect 8 Sept 25, 2014 1 / 1 RECAP: Measuring Inequality and Poverty We
More informationESTIMATING INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN: HIES TO AHMED RAZA CHEEMA AND MAQBOOL H. SIAL 26
ESTIMATING INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN: HIES 1992-93 TO 2007-08 Abstract AHMED RAZA CHEEMA AND MAQBOOL H. SIAL 26 This study estimates Gini coefficient, Generalized Entropy and Atkinson s Indices in
More informationPoverty in the Third World
11. World Poverty Poverty in the Third World Human Poverty Index Poverty and Economic Growth Free Market and the Growth Foreign Aid Millennium Development Goals Poverty in the Third World Subsistence definitions
More informationThe Impact of Trade Liberalisation on Poverty and Welfare in South Asia: A Special Reference to Sri Lanka
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320265578 The Impact of Trade Liberalisation on Poverty and Welfare in South Asia: A Special
More informationChapter 2: The U.S. Economy: A Global View
Chapter 2: The U.S. Economy: A Global View 1. Approximately how much of the world's output does the United States produce? A. 4 percent. B. 20 percent. C. 30 percent. D. 1.5 percent. The United States
More informationInequality in Brazil
Master Thesis Master International Economics and Business Studies Inequality in Brazil A decomposition analysis Erasmus university Rotterdam Erasmus School of Economics Department of Economics Supervisor:
More informationPoverty and Inequality Changes in Turkey ( )
State Planning Organization of the Republic of Turkey and World Bank Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work Program Working Paper Number 1: Poverty and Inequality Changes in Turkey (2003-2006) Meltem
More informationInequality and Poverty in Rural China
Western University Scholarship@Western Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers Economics Working Papers Archive 2011 Inequality and Poverty in Rural China Chuliang Luo Terry Sicular
More informationTHE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME IN LIBERIA
THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME IN LIBERIA BY E. K. AKPA Ministry of Finance, Monrovia, Liberia The economy of Liberia is one in which, in spite of past satisfactory growth performance, a high level of
More informationIV. Labour Market Institutions and Wage Inequality
Fortin Econ 56 Lecture 4B IV. Labour Market Institutions and Wage Inequality 5. Decomposition Methodologies. Measuring the extent of inequality 2. Links to the Classic Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Fortin
More informationRemittances and Poverty. in Guatemala* Richard H. Adams, Jr. Development Research Group (DECRG) MSN MC World Bank.
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Remittances and Poverty in Guatemala* Richard H. Adams, Jr. Development Research Group
More informationThe Role of the Public Sector for Combating Inequality and for Promoting Inclusive Growth Combating Inequality Project, Global Labour University
The Role of the Public Sector for Combating Inequality and for Promoting Inclusive Growth Combating Inequality Project, Global Labour University Christoph Hermann Lecturer, University of Vienna The Role
More informationThe Trends of Income Inequality and Poverty and a Profile of
http://www.info.tdri.or.th/library/quarterly/text/d90_3.htm Page 1 of 6 Published in TDRI Quarterly Review Vol. 5 No. 4 December 1990, pp. 14-19 Editor: Nancy Conklin The Trends of Income Inequality and
More informationHOW ECONOMIES GROW AND DEVELOP Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 17 HOW ECONOMIES GROW AND DEVELOP Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter presents material on economic growth, such as the theory behind it, how it is calculated,
More informationCIE Economics A-level
CIE Economics A-level Topic 4: The Macroeconomy c) Classification of countries Notes Indicators of living standards and economic development The three dimensions of the Human Development Index (HDI) The
More informationCHAPTER 18: ANTITRUST POLICY AND REGULATION
CHAPTER 18: ANTITRUST POLICY AND REGULATION The information in Chapter 18, while important, is only tested on the AP economics exam in the context of monopolies as discussed in Chapter 10. The important
More information2. Welfare economics and the rationale for public intervention 2.3. Equity: From Social Efficiency to Social Welfare
2. Welfare economics and the rationale for public intervention (Stiglitz ch.3, 4, 5; Gruber ch.2,5,6,7; Rosen ch. 4,5,6, 8; Salverda et al. (2009), The Oxford handbook of economic inequality, Oxford University
More informationInterrelationship between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: The Asian Experience
Interrelationship between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: The Asian Experience HYUN H. SON This paper examines the relationships between economic growth, income distribution, and poverty for 17 Asian
More informationvi. rising InequalIty with high growth and falling Poverty
43 vi. rising InequalIty with high growth and falling Poverty Inequality is on the rise in several countries in East Asia, most notably in China. The good news is that poverty declined rapidly at the same
More informationEconomic Growth, Income Inequality, and Poverty Reduction in People s Republic of China BO Q. LIN
Economic Growth, Income Inequality, and Poverty Reduction in People s Republic of China BO Q. LIN The paper proposes a poverty reduction index demonstrating that the selection of growth policies should
More informationEconomic Growth and Poverty Alleviation in Russia: Should We Take Inequality into Consideration?
WELLSO 2015 - II International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation in Russia: Should We Take Inequality into Consideration? Dmitry Rudenko a
More informationPOVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN SOUTH WEST BENGAL: AN OVERVIEW
Jharkhand Journal of Social Development, Vol. V, No.1 & 2, 2013 ISSN 0974 651x POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN SOUTH WEST BENGAL: AN OVERVIEW Rajarshi Majumder Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University
More informationCHAPTER 10: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Microeconomics in Context, Fourth Edition CHAPTER 10: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY As the United States economy began recovering from the Great Recession of 2007-2009, economic data indicated that the
More informationand with support from BRIEFING NOTE 1
and with support from BRIEFING NOTE 1 Inequality and growth: the contrasting stories of Brazil and India Concern with inequality used to be confined to the political left, but today it has spread to a
More information1. Global Disparities Overview
1. Global Disparities Overview The world is not an equal place, and throughout history there have always been inequalities between people, between countries and between regions. Today the world s population
More information2. Money Metric Poverty & Expenditure Inequality
Arab Development Challenges 2. Money Metric Poverty & Expenditure Inequality 1 Chapter Overview Kinds of poverty lines Low money metric poverty but high exposure to economic shock The enigma of inequality
More informationPoverty, Livelihoods, and Access to Basic Services in Ghana
Poverty, Livelihoods, and Access to Basic Services in Ghana Joint presentation on Shared Growth in Ghana (Part II) by Zeljko Bogetic and Quentin Wodon Presentation based on a paper by Harold Coulombe and
More informationPolicy note 04. Feeder road development: Addressing the inequalities in mobility and accessibility
Feeder road development: Addressing the inequalities in mobility and accessibility Policy note 04 It is generally expected that road developments will reduce the inequalities associated with spatial isolation.
More informationThe Ghana Poverty and Inequality Report: Using the 6th Ghana Living Standards Survey 2016
The Ghana Poverty and Inequality Report: Using the 6th Ghana Living Standards Survey 2016 By Edgar Cooke (Ashesi University College, Ghana); Sarah Hague (Chief of Policy, UNICEF Ghana); Andy McKay (Professor
More informationAsian Development Bank Institute. ADBI Working Paper Series. Income Distributions, Inequality, and Poverty in Asia,
ADBI Working Paper Series Income Distributions, Inequality, and Poverty in Asia, 1992 2010 Duangkamon Chotikapanich, William E. Griffiths, D. S. Prasada Rao, and Wasana Karunarathne No. 468 March 2014
More informationA poverty-inequality trade off?
Journal of Economic Inequality (2005) 3: 169 181 Springer 2005 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-005-0091-1 Forum essay A poverty-inequality trade off? MARTIN RAVALLION Development Research Group, World Bank (Accepted:
More informationKADARMANTO & DENZO KAMIYA
PATTERN OF INCOME INEQUALITY REFLECTED IN EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA 1990-2002: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE MICRO-DATA SET OF SUSENAS KADARMANTO & DENZO KAMIYA Abstract. As one of the
More informationWorlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality
Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Washington, September 28, 2005 1. Inequality today 2. Inequality between world citizens today 3. Does
More informationREVIEW POVERTY, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND HEALTH CARE CONSUMPTION IN THAILAND
REVIEW POVERTY, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND HEALTH CARE CONSUMPTION IN THAILAND Isra Samtisart Center for Health Economics Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Abstract. The
More informationInclusive global growth: a framework to think about the post-2015 agenda
Inclusive global growth: a framework to think about the post-215 agenda François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics Angus Maddison Lecture, Oecd, Paris, April 213 1 Outline 1) Inclusion and exclusion
More informationECONOMIC GROWTH* Chapt er. Key Concepts
Chapt er 6 ECONOMIC GROWTH* Key Concepts The Basics of Economic Growth Economic growth is the expansion of production possibilities. The growth rate is the annual percentage change of a variable. The growth
More informationPOLICY OPTIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPING ASIA PERSPECTIVES FROM THE IMF AND ASIA APRIL 19-20, 2007 TOKYO
POLICY OPTIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPING ASIA PERSPECTIVES FROM THE IMF AND ASIA APRIL 19-20, 2007 TOKYO RISING INEQUALITY AND POLARIZATION IN ASIA ERIK LUETH INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Paper presented
More informationPro-Poor Growth and the Poorest
Background Paper for the Chronic Poverty Report 2008-09 Pro-Poor Growth and the Poorest What is Chronic Poverty? The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is extended duration in absolute poverty.
More informationINCOME INEQUALITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES
INCOME INEQUALITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES Christian Kastrop Director of Policy Studies OECD Economics Department IARIW general conference Dresden August 22, 2016 Upward trend in income inequality
More informationThe Structure of the Global Economy
The Structure of the Global Economy Readings for this past week Zakaria, The Rise of the Rest Marber, Globalization & Its Contents Friedman, It s a Flat World, after All Ghemawat, Why the World Isn t Flat
More informationPOVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE WORLD
SOUTH AFRICAN ACTUARIAL JOURNAL 117 60 POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE WORLD By P Govender, N Kambaran, N Patchett, A Ruddle, G Torr and N van Zyl ABSTRACT This article begins with a discussion
More informationChanging income distribution in China
Changing income distribution in China Li Shi' Since the late 1970s, China has undergone transition towards a market economy. In terms of economic growth, China has achieved an impressive record. The average
More informationUGANDA S PROGRESS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION DURING THE LAST DECADE 2002/3-2012/13: IS THE GAP BETWEEN LEADING AND LAGGING AREAS WIDENING OR NARROWING?
RESEARCH SERIES No. 118 UGANDA S PROGRESS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION DURING THE LAST DECADE 2002/3-2012/13: IS THE GAP BETWEEN LEADING AND LAGGING AREAS WIDENING OR NARROWING? SARAH N. SSEWANYANA IBRAHIM
More informationIncome Distributions, Inequality, and Poverty in Asia,
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR International Publications Key Workplace Documents 3-2014 Income Distributions, Inequality, and Poverty in Asia, 1992 2010 Duangkamon Chotikapanich Monash
More informationERD. Working Paper. No. Interrelationship between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: The Asian Experience. Hyun H. Son ECONOMICS AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
ERD Working Paper ECONOMICS AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT SERIES No. 96 Interrelationship between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: The Asian Experience Hyun H. Son June 2007 ERD Working Paper No. 96 Interrelationship
More informationTrend in Redistributive Effects Foreign Remittances in Pakistan in , and
Fouzia Jamshaid* Abdul Qayyum Mohsin** Ikram Ali Malik*** Trend in Redistributive Effects Foreign Remittances in Pakistan in 2001-02, 2005-06 and 2010-11 ABSTRACT A good chunk of factors affect the economic
More informationMaurizio Franzini and Mario Planta
Maurizio Franzini and Mario Planta 2 premises: 1. Inequality is a burning issue for economic, ethical and political reasons (Sen, Stiglitz, Piketty, Milanovic) 2. Inequality is today a more complex phenomenon
More informationCOMPETITION, INEQUALITY AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH
NOTES BRICS INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION CONFERENCE PANEL DISCUSSION Joel Netshitenzhe, MISTRA Executive Director 13 November 2013 COMPETITION, INEQUALITY AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH It s quite apposite that the
More informationChapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution
Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution Chapter Organization Introduction The Specific Factors Model International Trade in the Specific Factors Model Income Distribution and the Gains from
More informationWest Bank and Gaza Poverty and Shared Prosperity Diagnostic
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized West Bank and Gaza Poverty and Shared Prosperity Diagnostic 2011-2017 Public Disclosure Authorized August 14, 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized
More informationInequality in the Distribution of Household Expenditure in Cameroon 1
IARIW Statistics South Africa Conference on Experiences and Challenges in Measuring National Income, Wealth, Poverty, and Inequality in African Countries September 28 October 1, 2011, Cape Town, South
More informationUNEQUAL prospects: Disparities in the quantity and quality of labour supply in sub-saharan Africa
UNEQUAL prospects: Disparities in the quantity and quality of labour supply in sub-saharan Africa World Bank SP Discussion Paper 0525, July 2005 Presentation by: John Sender TWO THEMES A. There are important
More informationMichael Förster. OECD Social Policy Division. November 3 rd 2015
Michael Förster OECD Social Policy Division November 3 rd 2015 Rózsavölgyi Szalon Budapest 4 November 2015 Three major OECD studies since 2008 2008 2011 2015 2/16 Results from recent OECD study on inequality:
More informationRepublic of Kosovo Study for Poverty Profile in European Region. Final Report
Republic of Study for Poverty Profile in European Region Final Report October 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY OPMAC Corporation Poverty Indicator Basic data Region (*) Country Year Population,
More informationHOUSEHOLD LEVEL WELFARE IMPACTS
CHAPTER 4 HOUSEHOLD LEVEL WELFARE IMPACTS The household level analysis of Cambodia uses the national household dataset, the Cambodia Socio Economic Survey (CSES) 1 of 2004. The CSES 2004 survey covers
More informationA BRIEF NOTE ON POVERTY IN THAILAND *
A BRIEF NOTE ON POVERTY IN THAILAND * By Medhi Krongkaew ** 1. Concept of Poverty That poverty is a multi-dimensional concept is beyond dispute. Poverty can be looked upon as a state of powerlessness of
More informationINEQUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT
INEQUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT Christian Ivan Partal Gajardo MAY 2016 UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA Content Introduction... 2 Definitions... 3 Economic inequality... 3 Inequality of Opportunities...
More informationInequality of Outcomes in Asia and the Pacific: Trends, Drivers and Costs
8 Chapter 1 Inequality of Outcomes in Asia and the Pacific: Trends, Drivers and Costs 9 High and persistent inequalities of outcome are a source of concern because they undermine the implementation of
More informationTRENDS IN INCOME INEQUALITY: GLOBAL, INTER-COUNTRY, AND WITHIN COUNTRIES Zia Qureshi 1
TRENDS IN INCOME INEQUALITY: GLOBAL, INTER-COUNTRY, AND WITHIN COUNTRIES Zia Qureshi 1 Over the last three decades, inequality between countries has decreased while inequality within countries has increased.
More informationPoverty and Shared Prosperity in Moldova: Progress and Prospects. June 16, 2016
Poverty and Shared Prosperity in Moldova: Progress and Prospects June 16, 2016 Overview Moldova experienced rapid economic growth, accompanied by significant progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity.
More informationThe Relation of Income Inequality, Growth and Poverty and the Effect of IMF and World Bank Programs on Income Inequality
BSc Thesis 11/2011 The Relation of Income Inequality, Growth and Poverty and the Effect of IMF and World Bank Programs on Income Inequality Kathrin Buddendieck 880424-142-130 YSS-83312 Supervised by Kees
More informationEconomic Well Being in Nicaragua: A Food Share Analysis 2001 & 2005
EconomicWellBeinginNicaragua: AFoodShareAnalysis 2001&2005 EastCarolinaUniversity DepartmentofEconomics JohannaRetana Summer2009 Abstract TheLivingStandardMeasurementSurveyisastudypreparedbyWorldBankinsomeoftheLess
More information2.2. From social efficiency to social welfare - Equity issues (Stiglitz ch.5, Gruber ch.2)
2.2. From social efficiency to social welfare - Equity issues (Stiglitz ch.5, Gruber ch.2) We have discussed how to achieve social efficiency (Pareto efficiency): according to the first theorem of welfare
More informationGlobalization: A Second Look
12 Globalization: A Second Look Having considered the data, definitions, and methodology, it is now time to revisit some of the conclusions of received wisdom reported in chapters 2 through 4. Several
More informationPoverty, Income Inequality, and Growth in Pakistan: A Pooled Regression Analysis
The Lahore Journal of Economics 17 : 2 (Winter 2012): pp. 137 157 Poverty, Income Inequality, and Growth in Pakistan: A Pooled Regression Analysis Ahmed Raza Cheema * and Maqbool H. Sial ** Abstract This
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN AGING SOCIETY OF THAILAND
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN AGING SOCIETY OF THAILAND PAPUSSON CHAIWAT *, and SAWARAI BOONYAMANOND The incidence of poverty in Thailand has been continuously decreased
More informationPart 1: Focus on Income. Inequality. EMBARGOED until 5/28/14. indicator definitions and Rankings
Part 1: Focus on Income indicator definitions and Rankings Inequality STATE OF NEW YORK CITY S HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS IN 2013 7 Focus on Income Inequality New York City has seen rising levels of income
More informationKeywords: income inequality; index; comparison; method of non-weighted average absolute deviation
EQUILIBRIUM Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy 2015 VOLUME 10 ISSUE 4, December p-issn 1689-765X, e-issn 2353-3293 www.economic-policy.pl Turečková, K. (2015). Income Inequality by Method
More informationevsjv `k cwimsl vb ey iv BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON HOUSEHOLD INCOME & EXPENDITURE SURVEY-2010 June, 2011 evsjv `k cwimsl vb ey iv BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning Household Income and Expenditure
More informationFP029: SCF Capital Solutions. South Africa DBSA B.15/07
FP029: SCF Capital Solutions South Africa DBSA B.15/07 SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCE GENDER ASSESSMENT Gender Mainstreaming Guide Introduction This document provides a high level framework that will guide the mainstreaming
More informationThe Rich, The Poor, and The Changing Gap: An Investigation of the Determinants of Income Inequality from
The Rich, The Poor, and The Changing Gap: An Investigation of the Determinants of Income Inequality from 1996-2002 Thomas Clark The College of New Jersey April 2004 1 I. Introduction The gap between the
More informationPOVERTY IN MALAWI, 1998
FCNDP No. 183 FCND DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 183 POVERTY IN MALAWI, 1998 Todd Benson, Charles Machinjili, and Lawrence Kachikopa Food Consumption and Nutrition Division International Food Policy Research Institute
More informationGrowth with equity: income inequality in Vietnam,
J Econ Inequal DOI 10.1007/s10888-016-9341-7 Growth with equity: income inequality in Vietnam, 2002 14 Dwayne Benjamin 2 Loren Brandt 2 Brian McCaig 1 Received: 13 March 2014 / Accepted: 28 November 2016
More informationInequality and Its Discontents: A Canadian Perspective
Inequality and Its Discontents: A Canadian Perspective Inaugural Sefton-Williams Lecture University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario March 19, 2015 Armine Yalnizyan Senior Economist, CCPA Overview What are
More informationReducing income inequality by economics growth in Georgia
Reducing income inequality by economics growth in Georgia Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Faculty of Economics and Business PhD student in Economics Nino Kontselidze Abstract Nowadays Georgia has
More informationEducation and Income Inequality in Pakistan Muhammad Farooq
Abstract This paper investigates the impact of education and schooling on income inequality in Pakistan. The study applies Gini- Coefficient technique to calculate the income inequality in Pakistan using
More informationGlobal income inequality
Global income inequality Branko Milanovic INET, April 2010 Email: bmilanovic@worldbank.org Based on the book Worlds Apart, 2005 and updates BM note: this is a fully revised leon2.ppt excludes the stuff
More informationPoverty and Inequality
10 Poverty and Inequality Introduction This chapter deals with poverty and inequality which are among South Africa s most intractable development challenges linked to high unemployment. The concepts of
More informationPERSISTENT POVERTY AND EXCESS INEQUALITY: LATIN AMERICA,
Journal of Applied Economics, Vol. III, No. 1 (May 2000), 93-134 PERSISTENT POVERTY AND EXCESS INEQUALITY 93 PERSISTENT POVERTY AND EXCESS INEQUALITY: LATIN AMERICA, 1970-1995 JUAN LUIS LONDOÑO * Revista
More informationAnti-globalisation, poverty and inequality in Indonesia Arief Anshory Yusuf Universitas Padjadjaran Peter Warr Australian National University
Anti-globalisation, poverty and inequality in Indonesia Arief Anshory Yusuf Universitas Padjadjaran Peter Warr Australian National University 15 December 2017 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Introduction
More informationDoes Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan s Poverty Trends
The Pakistan Development Review 45 : 3 (Autumn 2006) pp. 439 459 Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan s Poverty Trends HAROON JAMAL * The paper explores the linkages between
More informationCAN FAIR VOTING SYSTEMS REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
CAN FAIR VOTING SYSTEMS REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE? Facts and figures from Arend Lijphart s landmark study: Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries Prepared by: Fair
More informationInequality and the Global Middle Class
ANALYZING GLOBAL TRENDS for Business and Society Week 3 Inequality and the Global Middle Class Mauro F. Guillén Mini-Lecture 3.1 This week we will analyze recent trends in: Global inequality and poverty.
More information